Izitayela zaseByzantine ne-gothic zifakwe ngaphakathi kwezangaphakathi. Umhlobiso ongaphakathi, izinto zokuhlobisa.
Ifenisha Emnyama, Amaphaneli Wall Wall adala isimo sothando seNkathi Ephakathi
Ngokumelene nesizinda se-brick masonry, ifenisha ekhanyayo ibukeka ingeyinhlabathi
Umakhelwane ohlekisayo wesifuba esikhulu kanye nesihlalo se-gothic esinomsebenzi ovulekile
Ngaphambi kokuqala ingxoxo mayelana neNkathi Ephakathi, abaningi abahlotshaniswa ngokuqinile ne-gothic, kufanele usakhumbule i-Byzantium. Lokhu kufakwa kungabonakala isikhathi eside, kepha kunengqondo impela. Indlalifa yaseRoma yasendulo, iByzantium yaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwamasiko, amasiko wokwakha kanye namasiko angaphakathi amazwe aseYurophu.
Wase-stzantium
Ukunethezeka okuhlanya kanye nokuxabana kwabangaphakathi kwamaRoma kubhejwa ngaphambi kokuqina okusindayo kwe-byzantium. Kuliqiniso, singakwazi ukwahlulela umhlobiso wezigodlo zaseByzantine kuphela ezinkumbulweni zabantu abaningi, ezazibucumfucu bezitampu zaseByzantine, ezigcinwe eVenice, eSpain, eSpain .Inhliziyo yeByzantium kwakunguConstantinople, idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni wezempi, ngomqondo wangempela wegama elithi Pulaces kanye nama-villas anethezekile. Amanzi ayinkimbinkimbi kuphela esigodlo esikhulu afa cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili.
Isigodlo esikhulu sempi sasisempumalanga yomuzi, phakathi kweBosphorus nophondo lwegolide. Ukwakhiwa kwalo kanye nomhlobiso kwasebenza njengesibonelo esingenamikhawulo sokuhlonipha. Izindonga namakholamu ezakhiwo zahlukaniswa ngamapuleti avela kumamaki ahlukahlukene eMarble ne-Onyx, nakwamanye amahholo - kusuka ezingcupheni, apendwe ngezimbali nezithelo. Izidumbu ezidumile zaseByzantine, ezihlobisa umkhuhlane wempi, zamnika umkhosi kunokuba umlingiswa ochwepheshe. IGolden Flickering Cubes Cubes-Pereter, lapho ophahleni nodonga amaphaneli abuthene khona, abeletha umkhathi wobukhona bukaNkulunkulu. I-Floor Bossaics yenziwa inzuzo yemabula yombala, yize kwesinye isikhathi amatshe anjalo ama-smi-azure asetshenziswa njenge-lapis-azure, izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-agate ngisho ne-rhinestone.
Ngokwehlukana, kufanelekile ukusho ngezindaba zokuhlobisa. Usilika odumile waseByzantine onamaphethini alukiwe ngisho nasezicuculweni ezigciniwe ezidlulile ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi zishaya amandla omsebenzi. Ama-Silk Panels ahlobise izindonga, aqiniswe ekuvulekeni kukaRhumbele. Kulula uma kwakudingeka ukuvula ukuvuleka, amakhethini ahlanganiswe noma aphenduka amakholomu. Ukusuka ePersia nasemazweni aseMiddle East, amakhaphethi nendwangu eyigugu yenziwa kakhulu, eyayihlotshiswe ngemibhede, izitulo kanye nezihlalo zobukhosi.
Ubuciko be-Byzantine buvame (okuqalayo) kuthathwe njengebhuloho phakathi kobuciko be-Imperial Rome neNkathi Ephakathi.
Iminyaka ephakathi
Ukuqala kweNkathi Ephakathi kubhekwa njengeKhisimusi 800godan.e.- Usuku lokugcotshwa kweKarl Omkhulu. Wabizwa ngokuthi uNonstantin New, kusukela uMbuso, wasungula eNtshonalanga, wayengukufana kwamaRoma.
Isitayela sabaphakathi se-Karl Era sibizwa ngokuthi yi-Medieval. Maye, kunzima ukuthola izibonelo ezanele zokubukwa ngomfanekiso wazo, kufanele uqagele kakhulu. Okususelwa kucace lapho kubukwa yi-miniatures ephakathi.
Amaningi abese amaHholo namakamelo njengamanje abonakala efakwe kabi kakhulu. Lokho bekuyizizathu zabo. Impahla ebanzi yabafundi baseFeudalists yafuna ukubonwa okungapheli, okubandakanya hhayi ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi kuphela, kodwa futhi kwesinye isikhathi izenzo zamasosha. Ngakho-ke, "isilinganiso" se-feudal feudal kanye ne-jelly yakhe bekuyiselula (Nurevna). Ama-Skarba alula aqukethe ifenisha, drapes, izitsha, ukuhlinzekwa kanye nezinye izinto ezidingekayo ezivame ukuthuthwa ezindaweni ezizothunyelwa endaweni. Lapho befika enqabeni, konke lokhu kwathunyelwa ngokwesidingo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba igama elingaphakathi elinikezwe ngokugcwele noma elihlotshiswe ngalo.
Umdwebo odongeni, obonisa impi noma izigcawu zenkantolo kanye nezimpawu ze-heraldic, wasatshalaliswa kakhulu ngalezo zinsuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indiza yahlotshiswe ngemihlobiso yemifino noma ukulingiswa kwemithamo. Izisombululo zokushaya kwangempela zazilenga imigqa yezindonga zamatshe noma ezivulekelweni ze-arched. Ama-trellels akhonze ukufakwa futhi ahlobise izakhiwo futhi ashaye iziza ezifanayo nemidwebo yodonga.
Umhlobiso wangaphakathi we-Locks okungenani uqinisile ngencazelo ye- "Gloomy Middle Ages". Izindonga zale ndawo zambozwa ngopende onozwela olukhanyayo noma i-whitewash (ehlukaniswe emgodini wamanzi). Ungqimba wokugcina wokupenda kwesinye isikhathi lungezelelwa ngemigqa ebomvu emincane ebonisa umsebenzi wezitini. Imvamisa esetshenziswa kakhulu obizwa ngokuthi yi-White Plaster, eyenziwe nge-lime, isihlabathi kanye nama-bristles. Ngaphezu kwalokho amacala, lapho kwadingeka ikakhulukazi ukuthungwa okuningana ikakhulukazi, i-gypsum evuthayo yengezwe kule ngxube. Udaka olunjalo lwabizwa ngokuthi iParis noma iFrance (Franco Plastro).
Ukuzingela Trophies kwadlala indima enkulu emhlobisweni wamahholo, kungasaphathwanga izembatho zempi, izikhali, amabhanela ezempi kanye nezihlangu zezempi ezenzelwe ukukhombisa ubuhlakani bezempi we-master of the master of the castle. Izempi, kufanele ngithi, angihlali ngikhonjiswa ezansi. Kwesinye isikhathi bathathe umhlalaphansi "ngokuxhashazwa" okuyi- "bullyting" - into efana nama-vertical chest ahlotshiswe ngemidwebo noma imihlobiso yejometri.
Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indlela yokuphila yenqaba yangemuva isishintshile. Isikhathi sezimpi zaphakade sanikeza indlela yokuhlelwa kwesikhala esinqotshwe. Ukuze bakhulume ngokuzilolonga okugcwele, bekungafakwanga, kepha inkathi yokuthuthuka kwamasiko ezinzile sesivele saqala kwi-XIIIIVEK eYurophu. Okwenzekile kancane kancane ukudala isitayela esikubiza nge-gothic.
Igothic
Isitayela se-Gothic siqinile kakhulu. Kuwo wonke amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu, izikhumbuzo zezakhiwo zalesosikhathi zifana nomunye njengabafowethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitayela se-gothic sizalwa kakhulu. Upende wamanzi, ama-viilding kanye nemihlobiso emangalisayo (ebolekwe ama-yzantines), ama-arter arches (ithonya lokwakha ama-arabic), ukucwaswa kwezinkuni okunamakhono netshe kwakusezulwini. Ochwepheshe abaningi babheka isitayela se-Gothic ukuze baqhubeke neRomanesque futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuthuthuka kwalo. Izincwadi zeSoviet emlandweni wokwakha isikhathi eside zamenyezelwa ngenkani ukuthi i-gothic yadalwa ngokobulili obuhlulekile ukuqonda ubuciko beRomanesque. Kodwa-ke, lesi sitayela sangezikhathi zakudala, esiye samunca ukunethezeka kwe-byzantine futhi sibolekwe kuma-Arabhu anemibala kanye nokukhanya kwenhlangano yesikhala, akunakuba umphumela wokuxinana ngokweqile kokungazi.Ngomqondo othile, uGothic wayeyisitayela sokwenza inkohliso. Amandla ama-terworch ama-arch aqothulwe ekuvulekeni kwama-bunches amakholomu kanye nobuningi bemihlobiso ehlukahlukene eqoshiwe. I-Daylight, izulazula engaphakathi, yanika umdlalo omangalisayo wezithunzi. I-AOQ enengilazi enamabala, yadala umuzwa wokukhulekelwa komuntu emisebeni yomunye, umhlaba wamaSublime. Umphumela ofanayo wokuba khona kobuNkulunkulu kwavuka ebuciko beByzantine ngenxa yeMose. Kepha ukukhanya kuphela okudlula ngengilazi enemibala yanikeza le ncwadi yomkhiqizo.
Eminyakeni yokuqala yaseMiddle, amakamelo e-castle ayenayo yonke. Indawo yemikhosi yayiqala ebusuku egumbini lokulala, indawo yokugcina izikhali yahlelwa njengoba kudingeka. I-Gothic Era yavuka ukuzungeza. Noma, ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, kwakuhlobisa futhi kwakungokomfanekiso. Ukunemba, into enjenge-baldahin yayaziwa emazweni asempumalanga yasendulo, eGrisi naseRoma, bese e-ByZantium. Kodwa-ke, eYurophu yasendulo, wasatshalaliswa ngokunembile njengenye yezindlela zokwakha. U-Baldahin wakhonza ukugcizelela umbhede wokubamba esikhaleni esivamile lapho ama-creltant angahlala khona. Lapho amakamelo asondelene avele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imibhede ibingahambisa khona kanye ne-canopy, kancane kancane yaba yinto ehlobisa. Imvamisa kwenziwa ngendwangu efanayo nokudonsa udonga. Ukunikeza umhlobiso omuhle ongcono wekamelo lokulala wathathwa njengethoni enhle. Amadrapets no-Baldahin benziwa ezindabeni ezibizayo futhi banwetshwa ngemicu yegolide neyesiliva. Icebo le-tapestry kanye nokupenda kwezicubu kwaphinde kwasetshenziswa. Iziza zazihluke kakhulu.
"Inkosi yaseFrance John yayinazo amakhanda amathathu ensimbi ngokusho kwamaholide amakhulu obuKristu, usuku lwabo bonke osanta noKhisimusi. Zonke izingoma zazibekezelela umbala, isitayela sikaKhisimusi sihlanganisa iStelter eyisithupha ngesithombe se Ijazi lezingalo zaseFrance emakhoneni, ahlaziswe, angemuva (ngemuva kwesihlalo noma embhedeni), wonke amakhethini kanye netheku lombhede. Bonke babehlanza izintambo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinkanyezi. Umhlangano uxhaswe ama-BedsSpreads ezihlalweni ezivela ku-velvet eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nosilika oluhlaza, kanye namakhethini aluhlaza avela eSarzhi emafasiteleni nasembhedeni. " (Ch. Mak-Corloyral "umhlobiso wezangaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala kusuka endulo kuze kube namuhla.")
Siphinde sithembise "ngehholo lendawo yomlilo" ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, indawo yomlilo yayinjengokugxila kwama-coarse, ngaleso sikhathi nge-XIIIV, kwaba imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu yangaphakathi. Kungakhiqizwa kabili noma kukhule kathathu, kuya ngevolumu yegumbi elifudumele. Ubukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele bendawo yomlilo buvunyelwe ukumnika ukubonakala kwesakhiwo sokwakha. Ihlotshiswe ngama-Turress Turfs, ama-spires, ama-friezes anezithombe zemiqhudelwano yama-Kightyly, imidwebo yokuzingela noma izigcawu eziyingqayizivele ezihlokweni zasekhaya.
Ngokuqondene nefenisha, ibingakafani kakhulu kumasampula amandulo asendulo e-Gothic Era. Izihlalo, izitulo, izifuba nama-buffet zazinokuvela kwezinto "zokuhamba izintaba" ezingenangqondo. Ukuguqulwa kwefenisha ngalesi simo kwaphela kuphela enkathini ye-baroque.
Neostili
Isitayela se-Gothic siyinhlalakahle ngokomlando. Wavuselelwa maphakathi nekhulu le-XVIII egagasi elithi le-neostil. Umongo ongokomlando we-gothic waheha uthando lwakhe oluphendula isimo sezulu jikelele. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho kuvela khona incazelo ye- "gothic romance": ehlelweni, ukufika kwama-knights namaphupho wentokazi enhle, ukuxhumana nelinye izwe nokuhlangana nezilwane ezinganekwane kwahlanganiswa. Isimo sokungaqondakali okuhle saba nomfundi ngokuhlala elindele ukushesha kwesimfihlo esibi, kodwa esikhangayo kakhulu. Kufanele ngesikhathi esifanayo bekukhona amapaki angokomfanekiso ngokuqalisa kwawo okusobala. Eqinisweni, amanxiwa wokuhlobisa nezimpophoma zabekwa ohlelweni olucatshangwe ngokusobala nangokuqinisekiswa. Amasampula agcinwe aqhakazile endawo yokupaka ehamba kahle eTsaritsyno, ifa leStroganov eMarfino.
Neoetics - isitayela sokuhlobisa. Ama-gothic arches, ama-spires, imihlobiso, amawindi anezingilazi ezinamabala, ukufakwa kwaphenduka iqoqo lamasu, ngosizo lapho kudalwa khona isimo sothando. Lapho-ke ifenisha ye-gothic yavela okokuqala, okwakungekho ngisho ne-stylizing ngaphansi kwenkathi yangempela. Kwakufana nokuqonda okudala kwesitayela, ukulandisa kokufundela okuphakathi okuhunyushelwe olimini lwesikhathi esisha. Ngasikhathi sinye, amahhovisi e-Gothic kanye nemitapo yolwazi yaphenduka imfashini ikakhulukazi. Kodwa-ke, akudingekile ukuhlasela indawo yesimanje. Ukukhuluma ngaye kusafanele kube khona.
Indlu yokusebenzela
Uma sihlola izitayela zomlando zibe lula ukubonwa kwangaphakathi kwanamuhla, iByzantine izothola ezintathu eziphezulu nge-plus. Okokuqala, noma yisiphi isitayela sombuso sidinga izindleko ezinkulu ezibonakalayo nokunambitheka okuphelele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungayisebenzisi ngokweqile ngemininingwane futhi ungatholi indawo enhle kwisiqeshana sevidiyo. Okwesibili, isitayela saseByzantine savela enkathini yenhlangano yenkolo yobu-Orthodox, ngayo yonke imiphumela evela kulokhu. I-Yves-Okwesithathu, esikhathini sethu, hhayi isithombe esisodwa sokungaphakathi kwendawo ye-Byzantine efinyelelwe. Noma kunjalo, izincomo eziningana esingazinikeza, ukuncika emithonjeni ebhaliwe kanye nokuqonda.Imibala emibili eyinhloko - igolide ne-nsomi. Kungcono ukugxila egumbini lokulala ukuze ugxile ekuseni njalo ukuze uzizwe njengo-porphyrogenitis (ezalwe onsomi). Leyo yindlela abazalwa ngayo ama-basselles (amakhosi) eqiniso. I-sains esebenzayo kakhulu ye-saick ingumbhede. Ingathweswa umqhele wezindwangu ezingasindi nge-BOLEDE BORD noma ngephethini encane yegolide. Ukufakwa kwemicu emincane ecwebezelayo kulolu daba ikuvumela ukuthi udale umphumela we-flicker. Izindonga zezindonga kufanele zigcinwe ebangeni elifanayo, kepha ngethoni zilula. Amakhaphethi we-Classic Iranian, imicamelo yosayizi abahlukahlukene kanye nokucushwa.
Ukuguqulwa kwegumbi lakho lokuphumula ehholo lomkhosi kungenzeka uma livumela usayizi wekamelo. Enye yezinketho zokubala imibala zilingisa ukuqeda ngamapuleti emabula anemibala. Kepha kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi ungabi nephutha kwinani kanye nokugcwaliswa kwemibala ekhethiwe. Kungcono ukwenza kuqala umdwebo lapho ungabeka khona indiza yodonga. Uma umsebenzi ubonakala sengathi unzima kakhulu, sikucebisa ukuthi sizikhawulele egunjini lokugxuma elinomhlobiso wezimbali. Amasofa nezihlalo kufanele zichithwe nezindwangu ezikhanyayo "zasempumalanga". Kuyadingeka kanye nokuba khona kwemicamelo yama-roller amasayizi ahlukene ohlelweni olufanayo lombala.
Floor Mosaics uzohluleka kakhulu ukwenza kusuka ematsheni ama-Semi-okuyigugu. Kepha ungabi nephutha. Ukukhetha okucebile kwethayela le-ceramed ceramic ngephethini elilula lejometri noma zonke izinto zemifino ezifanayo zizokusiza ukuba wenze isisho esidingekayo.
Izitayela zakudala (ikakhulukazi i-Gothic) ngobumnene nangokuthandwa ngokukhululekile ngama-cinematographs kanye nabanikazi bokudlela. Ngokusobala, akukho okunye okukwazi ukudala ngempumelelo umoya wothando futhi ujabulise isifiso sokudla. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvakashela izikhungo ezimbalwa nabaphakathi kwalolu hlobo futhi babukeze izithende zama-movie engqikithini ye-Knight, ungaqonda kahle ukuthi "akulungile."
Ngakho-ke kufanele kube kanjani?
Okokuqala, akukho lutho olumnyama. Akunakulingisa kokubumbana kwama-coarse, akukho gulling ophahleni olumnyama. Uphahla kufanele "usheshe." Ngakho-ke uma ukuphakama okukhona kungeqi-2,5m, dala inkohliso. Yenza odonga olukhanyayo ophahleni. Umkhathi ophelele kufanele afane ne-miniatures ephakathi nemibala yawo enamanzi, ethambekele. Ukulingiswa kophahla kophahla efulethini ledolobha, njengoba nemibukiso yokuzijwayeza, akuhlali kubukeka kufanelekile. Futhi abalandeli bezimfundiso zikaFeng Shui ngenkani bathi ayimnandi kakhulu. Kepha uma ufunwa imishayo, kungcono ukuzihlela ekhishini.
Iminyango yangaphakathi ayiyimbi yokwenza ngendlela ye-arches ehlanganisiwe. Isihloko esifanayo singaphindwa emhlobisweni wamawindi, usebenzisa i-lambre yefomu elihambisanayo. Phina isithombe samakhethini angenazinhlangothi ezimbili.
Funda kabanzi. Ngaphandle kwabo, akunandlela ekwenza. Kepha sifuna ukukuxwayisa ekuhlukunyezweni kwalezi zinto zokuhlobisa ezibunjiwe. Ukuba khona kwengilazi enamabala kufanele kungathandeki kakhulu ukuze kungaphendukeli ukuba yi-accent enkulu ye-stren. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthi ungahle uhlakaniphe ngobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele bezimpawu ze-multifings Alakelnsky Cathedral. Izingoma ezilula zejometri ngokufakwa kwesimo nezithombe ze-crossflower zihlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Amafasitela amancane amafushane wengilazi azoba kuhle eminyango yangaphakathi, ukwahlukanisa okuhlobisa.
UGobeli ungcono ukulengiswa egumbini lokulala. Kodwa-ke, igumbi lokulala elithi "Gothic elithi" Gothic "lingadalwa ngosizo lwama-drapes asanda kushiwo ekhanda embhedeni olungisa i-canopy. Imibala enconyiwe - eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-emerald noma isaladi. Umdwebo endwangu kufanele ube mncane futhi unesigqi, ephuzi segolide. Kungcono ukuthi ukhethe ama-motifs wesitshalo esibonisa: okufanayo okunomthunzi noMkhatheli. Ukuthungwa kwezindonga kungabushelelezi, umbala uthandwa kangcono u-pastel, ezolile, zombili ukudonsa okukhethiwe nokuqhathanisa nazo.
Ama-Mothic Motifs aguqula kahle izingane. Lapha ungathembela emcabangweni wakho. Kungenzeka ukuthi kusezinhlelweni zokuhlobisa igumbi lenkosana noma inkosazana yakhe, uzoqonda ngokungazelele ukuthi ziletha amaphupho ezingane zethu.
Incwadi Yomklamo WaseRussia-Designer
Amagama ifenisha na- -hambelayo Zisuselwa empandeni yazo yaseFrance e-French efuwu, esho ukuthi "iyashukumisa".
Trellers (It. Spaliera - Uhla lwezihlahla) - Amakhaphethi wokuLobby.
Tapestries - Elinye igama le-chroler, elaziwa kahle kabanzi. Kuvela egameni le-French Master of the Gobel, emhlanganweni wokusebenzela lapho ku-XVIIV. Waqala ukwenza ama-chears egcekeni leNkosi uHenryxiv. Abakwa-toweer abadume kakhulu, okubizwa ngokuthi "ukhaphethi kusuka ku-Baye", kuba yi-bake efekethisiwe enobude be-70.1m, okubonisa ukuhlasela komnqobi kaWilhelm eNgilandi.
Igothic (Fr. Gothique) - Kuvele kuRenaliya Renaissance Epoch yokuhlekisa ukugconwa kwawo wonke ama-Middle Ages njenge-BARBORIC futhi akumeleli inani lobuciko. Eqinisweni, lesi sitayela singabikwa emakhulwini eminyaka anguXiii-XV. Ama-Goths - Igama elijwayelekile lezizwe ezihlanganayo, ezihlaselwe enyakatho ziye eMbusweni WaseRoma ngamakhulu e-III-V. Njengesitayela, i-gothic ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu: ekuqaleni (ingxenye yesibili yamakhulu eminyaka ye-XII-XIII); ukuvuthwa, noma ukuphakama (xiiiv); Sekwephuzile, noma ama-flaming (XIV-XV amakhulu).
-Mile (Frt. I-Vitrage kusuka Lat. I-Vitrum-Glass) - Ukuhlobisa noma ukwakheka kwezibuko ezinemibala noma okunye okudluliselwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Imfihlo yokwenziwa kwezibuko ezinemibala yayaziwa eRoma yasendulo. Ama-Byzantines angezele ubuciko be-Roman Glass Mosaic okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Flicker umphumela. Itholwe nge-Overst Gold Foil Lininging. Ama-cubes aseMose ayese-angle ebusweni, evumele indiza yengilazi ngayinye ukuba ithumbe futhi ikhombise imisebe yelanga. Ngokweminye imininingwane, amafasitela ezingilazi acwebezelwe adwetshwe yi-color enamels ayaziwa eByzantium. Izingcezu zeglasi ezinamabala zigcinwe eKariery Jami Constantinople. Amafreyimu wekhulu elengelwe ngokubopha okujwayelekile okuholayo, okufakelwe izingilazi ezisobala nezinemibala, zaziyingxenye yomhlobiso wezindlu ezicebile. Lezi zinhlaka zimiswe kuma-framuget (itshe noma insimbi) noma zinamathiselwe kuma-hinges ebhokisini lewindi. Lapho bengekho lapho abasuswa khona, futhi amafasitela avalwa ngama-shutter. Ukuvalwa ngokhuni ngokwayo ngezinye izikhathi kudwetshwe ngaphandle nangaphakathi noma kuhlotshiswe ngama-corvings ayinkimbinkimbi.