Ebhekene ne-tile yezitini ne-ceramic ngaphansi kwesitini. Amathuba wobuciko. Abakhiqizi nabathengisi. Ukuhleleka kwentengo. Amathiphu we-Cladding Specialist.
phezulu - ngaphambi komhlobiso;
Ngezansi - Ukuqeda kuqediwe.
Ukubhekana nezitini akuzona kuphela izinto zokwakha ezithandwayo, kepha futhi nezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuxazulula imisebenzi yezemisebenzi nezakhiwo. Usuku ngalunye ukubhekana nezitini kanye nezitha zalo zobumba zibanzi. Ngabe kufanele ngimangale ukuthi lezi zinto zokwenziwa zitholwa yibo bonke abalandeli abasha?
Ungubani, Mnu. Brick?
Ngokusho kwe-Multipliible v. I. Gal, isitini "isitini" Stone, ibha, savutha ebumbeni futhi sashiswa ngokwakha. " ERussia, lokhu okuqukethwe akusebenzi isihlahla. Sisebenzise izitini zokwakhiwa kwamasonto nezinqaba, izakhiwo zomphakathi namagumbi ezinhlamvu ezinhle - ngokuvamile, lezo zakhiwo zimelwe kule minyaka.Ebhizinisini lokwakha lanamuhla, kukhona okujwayelekile (ukwakhiwa), izitini ezikhethekile nezibheke. Okujwayelekile okuhloswe ngalo ukwakhiwa kwezindonga zezinhloko-capital kanye nokuhlukaniswa okungaphakathi, okube sekubekwa noma kubheke. Lokhu okuqukethwe kushibhile (m 125 (150) - cishe ama-ruble angama-2100 ngenkulungwane), anendawo engasebenzi kahle futhi ayifani ekumelaneni kwemvelo.
Isitini esikhethekile senzelwe izimo ezikhethekile zokusebenza. Ake sithi i-Refractional, esetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwamafayili, izicishamlilo, amapayipi angenzeka, kwenziwa kusuka kubumba lwe-chamotte olungamelana nokushisa bese ulwela ukuguquguquka kokushisa okuningi ebangeni elibanzi. I-adophopore yenziwa ngengxube yobumba obumhlophe ngezilimo ezihlukile futhi ikhuphule ukumelana ne-alkalis nama-acid. Izitini ze-Clinker, zenzelwe amasayithi okugoqa, okwenza izinyathelo, ama-ramp, ama-windows sill, njll., Kucindezelwe kusuka ku-Dry Red Clay, kushiswe lapho kuvinjelwe ukumelana okuphezulu.
Ukubhekana Nezitini ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezisezingeni eliphakeme ngephethini yokuhlobisa noma ngaphandle kwazo, kubonakala ngohlobo oluhlukahlukene lwemibala ebangeni kusuka kucishe kube mhlophe ku-Brown Brown. Ingakhanyisa. Inokutholwa komswakama okuphansi kanye nokuphikiswa okuphezulu kwesithwathwa. Kukhiqizwa zombili ngesimo sama-briquette ajwayelekile anxande kanye nefomu elikhethekile - okuyindilinga, okwakheke, okubunjiwe, okusontekile, okusontekile, umfanekiso kanye nabanye. Kusetshenziswe cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-facade kanye nemisebenzi yezwe, kanye nabaphakathi bokuqeda. Kuyafaneleka ukubhekana nezitini ezibhekene nezingcingo.
Ngobukhulu, izitini zesimanje zanamuhla zingashadi (250 x 120 x 65 mm), eyodwa nesigamu, noma okuhlanganayo (250 x 120 x 88 mm) kanye nama-modular (288 x 138 x 63 mm). Ngokwenza ukubala kokuqala, kufanele wazi ukuthi udonga olunokuphakama kwe-1 m lucishe lube yimigqa eyi-13 yezitini eyodwa, 10 - ihora elilodwa no-6 - kabili. Ku-1 M3 of Masonry kudinga izingcezu ezingama-400 zezitini ezizodwa kanye ne-0.25 m3. Ku-1 m3 kufakwe isitini esisodwa esiphelele - izingcezu ezingama-500.
V. I. DAHL ifakazela ezinhlobonhlobo zezindlela zokukhiqiza ezikhiqiza eRussia. Ake sithi isitini esilula - ibha ye-flatbed eqondile - eyenziwe ngekheji lokhuni "ngaphansi kokusikiwe, ngaphansi kokulungiswa"; Ukushanela - "Nge-OAM yesihlanu"; Ithebula, ibhukwana, lenziwa "ematafuleni ahlanzekile futhi alungile"; Umshini - kumaseli wensimbi, amafomu; Ubuhlengikazi, ngonqenqema olulodwa (ukukhishwa), - kwinkulumo. Isitini somthombo, boiler, - ijika lefomu; I-Clintable - Okwezinqolobane, njll. Inqubo yokwenza izitini ngesandla ibukeke kanjena: "I-Batez (Master) ihlala ebhentshini, ifaka ubumba emshinini, ihlangana nepulangwe; Ngemuva kokuthi izitini ziginqike emshinini ziye emshinini, ziyohlela, ziba emaphethelweni futhi, ekugcineni ziye ekudubuleni izitini (kg / cm2) Izitini zihlukaniswe ngemikhiqizo: M 50, M 75, M 100, M 115, M 175, M 255, M 250 no-M 300. Izitini ezivela eSilricon (inkohliso sand) kungaba namandla ahambelana noMark M 1000 (nangaphezulu). Ngokwakhiwa okuphansi, i-brand m 100 (125; 150) ivame ukukhethwa, kepha amandla okugcina angu-60% ancike kwiresiphi yesixazululo. Isibonelo, isixazululo sikakhonkolo uM50 sinconyelwe udonga lwe-8 m Phezulu kanye nohhafu wesitini.
Ekugcineni, ekumelaneni nesithwathwa, isitini sihlukaniswe ngemikhiqizo: MRZ 15, MPZ 25, MRCS 35, MRCS 100, lesi yisimo esibaluleke kakhulu esihlinzeka ngokwakha isikhathi eside ngokwehlukana kwezinga lokushisa. Lapho kuphakama uhlobo lokumelana nesithwathwa, kwehlisa ukufakwa kwamanzi ngesitini. Kumazinga okushisa amabi, okuqukethwe kuhlala isikhathi eside lapho inani elincane lamanzi eliqhuma isakhiwo se-capillary sama-ceramics liqandisiwe. Ukufakwa kwamanzi kwezitini kungakapheli ama-6-16%. Emugqeni ophakathi waseRussia, akunconywa ukufaka izitini ngaphansi komkhiqizo we-mpz.
Abakhiqizi abakhulu ababhekene nezitini eRussia bayisitshalo se-golitsyn ceramic, kudinovsky ceramic ehlanganisiwe, isitshalo saseNorman Ceramic), i-Pelgusovo-strom (i-Ivanovskaya oblast), "ukunqoba -Knuf (ukunqoba -Kuku (ISt. Petersburg), isitshalo sezitini saseRyazan, esithi "ukwakha ubumba inkunzi", isitshalo se-reepukhovsky "," isitshalo sezitini ", isifunda se-sorovichi I-Kemma Stroyadstststrium, ifektri yokwakha izinto zokwakha kanye nemiklamo, iqembu leKamrock nabanye.
Izitini ezisezingeni eliphakeme ziletha eRussia kusuka e-Romaruskovichevskysky Corkender (Belarus) eduzane (Belarus), i-Aseri Tertis (Estonia) neLode (Latvia). Izinhlobo zokunethezeka ezibhekene nezitini zingeniswa eRussia zivela eJalimane, eFrance, eFinland, eCzech Republic. Izitini zokukhiqizwa kwangaphandle nalezo ezakhiwa ngazo ezakhiwo zethu zomlando zihlukile ngosayizi wesimanje waseRussia.
Izitini "Beafring"
Umhlobiso Wall Wall - Kokubili ngaphandle nangaphakathi kwesakhiwo - kudinga izinto zokwakha. Akukona njalo ukusebenzisa izitini kuleli khwalithi, ngoba kunzima, amanoni nemigwaqo. Ithayela le-ceramic ngaphansi kwesitini lingaba ukufakwa okusebenzayo. Ikhiqiza kusuka kubumba olufanayo futhi nobuchwepheshe obufanayo. Indlu ifakwe ngaleli tile, lishibhile, funa aqine futhi libizayo kune-brick. Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, i-tile isetshenziswa njengohlobo oluzimele lokuqeda noma luhlanganiswe nodaka, i-clapboard, i-cafeter, ikhefu, itshe lemvelo nelokufakelwa.
Amathuba wobuciko ama-tile anqunywa ngezinhlobonhlobo zemibala nokwakheka kwawo. Abaqambi basebenzisa ngokuzithandela lokhu okuqukethwe ngokufana okuhlukahlukene okungokomlando (ngaphansi kwe-gothic, ngaphansi kwe-Russian Old, njll.) Futhi, kunalokho, ekuqedeni kwezangaphakathi kwanamuhla. Onke amasampula e-tile avezwa kumakhathalogi wabakhiqizi nabathengisi. Ukuqeda ngaphansi kwesitini kukhulu kakhulu "ebusweni" bezindawo zokucima umlilo, amakholomu, abashayeli bezindiza, ama-archers, ama-arches, ezinye izinto zokwakha ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendlu. Kuhle futhi ngomhlobiso wezakhiwo ezikhanyayo (ama-arbors, ama-pawilies egayidi, amagalaji nezinye izinhlobo ezincane zokwakha), nokuhlobisa amafomu amancane wokwakha (amabhentshi, amabhentshi, amabhentshi, ama-parapet, amakholomu uthango, njll.) .
Ngokubukeka, i-tile ifana nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokubhekana nezitini zokukhiqiza zaseYurophu. Hhayi ngaphansi kuye ukuthola imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe. Umkhawulo wamandla ayo okucindezela uhambelana nepharamitha yezitini m 200, ukumelana nesithwathwa kungamamijikelezo angama-60, ukumunca amanzi - ngaphansi kwe-200 kg / m3, ukuthuthuka okushisayo kwesimo esomile - 0.43 w (M * c). Izinto ezibonakalayo ezinezici ezinjalo zingasebenza iminyaka eyi-100.
Emakethe yethu namuhla ungahlangana nethayela lenkampani yaseRussia Kamrock kanye ne-Ecolty Trade LLC, amafemu aseJalimane uCelina Klinker, Feldhaus Klinker, Robon. Ukungenisa kunamapharamitha alandelayo: ubukhulu bokuthi 7, 9, 10, 15 no-17 no-17 mm, ububanzi bangama-72, 62 no-71 mm, ubude obungama-240 mm. Izakhi ze-angler zango-115/52/15/15/14/14/15/14/14/14/14/15/14/15/15/14/14/14/14/15/15/14/14/15/15 On 1 m2 izindonga, kucatshangelwa i-12 mm yegebe lokuhlangana, amathayili angama-48 ayadingeka ngosayizi 240 x 71 mm noma ama-64 tile - 240 x 52 mm. Ukulethwa kwenziwa emaphaketheni ezingcezu ezingama-48 nezingu-64. Izindleko zama-tile zisukela ku- $ 20 kuya ku- $ 30 nge- $ 30 nge-1 m2, izinto ze-angular - kusuka ku- $ 28 kuye ku- $ 34 ngo-1 k. m.
I-Technology Bearing Tile ngaphansi kwesitini iyafana nalokho okusetshenziselwe ukuqeda izingalo ngetshe lokufakelwa nama-ceramics. Njengomthetho, izinkampani ngayinye yabahlinzeki zincoma ama-primers kanye nezingoma ezinamathela ezincani ezincani. I-Retable and Smooth (ukhonkolo, iphaneli) izisekelo zanele ukumboza nge-primer, ngokwesibonelo, iTiefengrund. Lapho ingaphezulu liyashayela, ungabeka i-tile kuma-adhesives nama-masts anjenge-dexter, atlas plus, "monolith". Ipulatifomu noma isisekelo esingalingani kumele sibekwe ngegridi yokuqinisa okugcizelelwa ngasikhathi sinye. Tile ugqoke indiza eyomile. Ama-seams agcwele ukwakheka okufanayo, noma ukuhlikihla.
Inqubo yokubeka tile ilula. Umuntu ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile angabekwa ezindaweni ezibushelelezi ezifika kuma-30 m2 tile ngosuku. Ezimweni ezifanayo, lapho ingxenye yezakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi ihlukaniswe, kufanele igxile kakhulu kwikhwalithi - ijubane lizoba ukuphazamiseka kuphela.
Ama-facades, afakwe uthayela ngaphansi kwesitini, amelana ne-abrasion kanye ne-abrasion kanye nesimo sezulu, imithwalo yemishini, nemiphumela yemvula ye-acid. Ukusuka ebusweni, ukungcola kanye ne-soot kususwa kalula. Enye inzuzo ye-tile enjalo yinto engapheleli ye-split (emhlophe eqhaqhazela kusuka kumsebenzi wezitini ngenxa yokuphuma kosawoti we-calmun-sandy saly sawoti). Ama-facades kanye nezinto zezangaphakathi, ezithathwa ngaphansi kwesitini, zikuvumele ugcine ukupenda nokugcina ukubukeka okumnandi cishe kuyo yonke impilo yenkonzo yezinto zokuqeda impahla. Lokhu kubheke kungenza ukuhlobisa kwasekhaya okuhlukahlukene, ukuvuselela ukubukeka kwamadolobha namadolobhana ethu. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi akukho ukusetshenziswa kwemali okukhulu.
Izeluleko zochwepheshe
Isipiliyoni ekulweni kwezindlu zokhuni isitini sihlukaniswe ngabafundi, umqondisi jikelele weqembu le-Ekopolis lezinkampani u-Alexander Henrikhovich derbanev.
Ngokwakhiwa kwangasese kweRussia, izindlu zendabuko ezivela ezitini nezinkuni (log, ama-bruschers, ifreyimu). Baphakeme kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezakhiwo.
Njengasesikhathini esedlule, namuhla izitika zezitini zihlala ziluphawu lwamandla nokuhlonipha. Kodwa-ke, udonga lwezitini alukwazi ukufeza izidingo zesimanje eziqinile zokonga amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitini zisinda, futhi isakhiwo esivela kuso sidinga isisekelo esinamandla, ngakho-ke kuvela kubiza kakhulu.
Indlu evela kubha noma izingodo ayilungele kangcono abathandi bezindlu zezinkuni zendabuko zaseRussia. Enye yezindlela ezikhona ekwakhiweni kwangasese kwakuwukubhekana nezakhiwo zokhuni ezinezitini ze-facade. Ngenxa yalokhu, indlu ihlanganisa ngempumelelo izinzuzo zezakhiwo zezitini nezinkuni. Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-Brick Facade ukuvikela izakhiwo zokhuni zangaphandle ezivela kumthelela wezemvelo oqondile, khulisa ukuqina nokwethembeka kwesakhiwo.
Izimpikiswano ezengeziwe zivunyelwa ukucwaziswa okunjalo zingukunyuka kokuphepha komlilo ekhaya, ukuncipha kwalo okwengeziwe, ukwehla okukhiqizwayo. Le yindlela enhle yokuvuselela ukuqedwa okhuni okuhlanjululwe futhi wandise isimo sokwakha umthengi.
Kodwa-ke, labo abafisa ukuluma izitini zendlu bangase babhekane nezinkinga ezimbi kakhulu ukufezekiswa kokukhulelwa.
- Okuvame kakhulu ukungahambisani kwamandla okuthela kweSisekelo nenhlabathi kuya kwesisindo esisha, esanda kakhulu sokwakhiwa.
- Akunakukwazi ukushesha. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokubhekana, izitini zidinga isikhathi eside (okungenani unyaka!) Shrinkage kanye nokomiswa kwendlu yokhuni. I-Gritid Brickwork ingathola ukulimala okukhulu ngenxa yokudonswa kodonga olungenangqondo lwezinkuni.
- Kwezinye izimo, ukubhekana nakho kuba cishe akunakwenzeka. Isibonelo, uma indlu ekhona yokhuni inesisekelo sobukhulu obuncane kakhulu. Beka kulowo msebenzi wesisekelo onjalo ngeke uphumelele, futhi ukunwetshwa kwezokwakha kuzokhuphula izindleko zephrojekthi futhi kunikeze ubunzima obuningi obuhambisana neShrinkage kanye ne-deformations yokwakha.
- Izindonga zokhuni zafa ngama-verticals nazo zizobe zimbize kabi noma zize zikwenze kube nzima.
- Isifiso sokuhamba ngokushesha ebheke, sishukumisela abanye abathuthukisi ukwakha izindonga zokhuni nezitini ngokwahlukana, ngaphandle kwensimbi yensimbi. Ingxabano imvamisa ilula: Kulokhu, kulokhu, i-shrinkage yodonga lwezinkuni ngeke iphazamise ukuqina kwesitini. Kuyinkohliso. Ukuba mncane kakhulu (12 cm), udonga lwezitini ngeke lukhuthazelele umthwalo.
- "I-MINA Slow Motion" - Ukungabikho noma ukwenziwa okungalungile kwegebe lokungena kokhuni phakathi kwezindonga zokhuni nezitini. Kufanele okungenani kube ngu-40 mm. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umakhelwane we-hygroscopic izitini nezinkuni kuzoholela ekuqongeleleni komswakama phakathi kwezindonga. Futhi lokhu kusho ukubonakala kokubhubhisayo kwe-Flora yenkuni - isikhunta nokubola - nokubhujiswa okwalandela kwalo lonke ukwakhiwa kwalo lonke.
Uma kucatshangelwa okungenhla, sizonikeza izeluleko ezimbalwa kulabo abafisa ukuhlobisa indlu yabo yokhuni ngengubo entsha yezitini. "
munye. Ungaqala ukubekwa kuphela ngemuva kokuncipha indlu yokhuni. Kuyadingeka futhi ukuthola ukuthi isisekelo sizokumelana nomthwalo owengeziwe - isisindo se-brick facade. Uma kungenjalo, isisekelo kuzodingeka siqinise.
2. Umsebenzi wezitini kufanele uhambisane ngokuqinile nezidingo ezandisiwe ze-verticatity kanye ne-perpendicality yezindonga. Inhlangano yamathayi phakathi kwezitini nezinkuni. Kungcono ukwenza ukuxhumana ngensimbi ye-galvanized, ngaphandle kwalokho kukhanye kancane kancane. Ibanga phakathi kokuxhumeka - imigqa emi-3-4 yezitini zibheke phezulu no-0.5-1 m ngokuvundlile.
3. Ukuthola izindawo zokuhlanganiswa kwezindonga zezitini nokhuni, kuyadingeka ukuhlela isiteshi sokupholiselana ngobubanzi okungenani esingu-4 cm. Emugqeni wesibili uyadingeka (Isinyathelo 2-3 m), sivaliwe ngama-lattices wokuhlobisa. Ukugeleza komoya esiqongweni sodonga kunikezwa igebe phakathi kophahla kanye nezakhiwo zokhuni (nazo zingambozwa ngegridi yokuhlobisa). Umugqa ophezulu wama-masonry kumele ahlelwe ngokuxhumeka.
ezine. Udonga lwezinkuni lwangaphandle lungaphathwa kuphela yilezo zingoma ze-antiseptic ezingakhanga ifilimu eliminyene futhi ungaphuli i-Vapor Permeability.
ezinhlanu. Isimanje - ukusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwe-tyvek oluvunyelwe lwe-Tyvek Housewrap (olukhiqizwe ukukhathazeka nge-dupont), luhlelwe odongeni lwezinkuni. Ulwelwelwelwelwelwelwelwelwelwelwelwelwelwelwelwelwesi ludlula ama-water ngambili ngaphansi kwengcindezi kusuka ngaphakathi kwendlu, kepha yakha isithiyo sokuma komswakama kanye nomswakama ongena ngesitini.
6. Ukuvimbela ukuphakamisa umswakama we-capillary kusuka enhlabathini ngokusebenzisa isisekelo, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi avundlile (ngokwesibonelo, i-hydrokhotlool). Kubekwa ngaphansi komqhele wokuqala kanye nokuvalwa kokuqala.
7. Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ekufakweni okwengeziwe kwendlu yokhuni (ngokwesibonelo, uma ukwakhiwa kokukhulu okunganele kwakuyiphutha ngesikhathi sokwakha). Indawo engcono kakhulu yezinto zokushisa ezibangela ukushisa akuyona ngaphakathi, kepha ngaphandle - phakathi kodonga lwamapulangwe nolwelwesi olubi. Kulokhu, ama-vaon amaphunga nama-condensate azokwazi ukuya esiteshini sokungena komoya phakathi kolwelwesi kanye nesitini.
eziyisishiyagalombili. Ukuze umswakama wangaphandle ungena ngaphansi kwesitini, kuyinto efiselekayo ukusebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-hydrophobizer - ukufakwa okuphindayo kwamanzi. Kepha kubalulekile ukuthi ukhethe labo abagcina ukubonwa kwe-vapor kwesitini (ngokwesibonelo, inkomba yenkampani ye-IDrocoat).