Yini eyenza izindleko zomsebenzi wokulungisa (esibonelweni sefulethi elijwayelekile elinamagumbi amathathu ephaneli endlini).
Ehlobo nasekuweni cishe emnyango ngamunye kuzwa ukungqongqoza izando, ukubhonga kwama-perforators, i-screech of the gerlect kagesi kanye nogesi. Yebo, inkathi yokulungisa igcwele ngokuphelele. U-Agwela ukwenza izindleko ezifanele zokulungiswa ezivela kwizakhamizi esikanye nazo endaweni yesithathu ngemuva kwesifiso sokuthola imoto kanye nezindlu ezintsha.
Amaphephandaba ekhangisayo amaphepha awayo, uzobona ukuthi imakethe yezinsizakalo zokulungisa inqobo kakhulu. Lapha kanye namafemu ahluke kakhulu, kanye nama-brigades amakhosi enza uhla oluphelele lomsebenzi wokulungisa, kanye namakhosi azimele wobuchwepheshe obuncane. Yimuphi kubo ophathisa ifulethi lakho? Ungayithola kanjani ikhwalithi ehle ngaphandle kokukhokha sonke isimo ngakho? Ekugcineni, ukuthi amathuba aphezulu kangakanani kangangokuba ngokubeka inani eliqinile, ingabe uzothola umphumela omuhle?
Amafemu anikela nge- "Level ephezulu kakhulu yekhwalithi", isiqinisekiso esifanayo (ngasikhathi sinye, cishe bonke baphikisa ukuthi basebenza kuphela ngabathakathi bendawo) kanye namanani avela ku- $ 50 kuya ku- 1%. Iningi lendawo ephelele (ngaphandle kwe izindleko zezinto zokwakha). Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi, kuningi noma okuncane. Isibonelo esandayo, sithatha inketho ejwayelekile: Ifulethi enamakamelo amathathu elinendawo ephelele ecishe ibe ngu-75kv. Endlini yochungechunge lwe-P-44 (ikakhulukazi njengoba lolu chungechunge lwalo luvame kakhulu esakhiweni sanamuhla).
Okokuqala, sizofunda amanani amakhosi azimele. By the way, phakathi kwabo kunongoti abaqeqeshiwe impela, futhi lokhu akumangalisi. Zahlulele: Ngize ngiza enhlokodolobha "izisebenzi zezivakashi" zivame ukuqala ukuzilolonga kwazo kwabasebenzi ngamafemu, bese kuba nesipiliyoni kanye neziqu, iya ebhizinisini langasese. Kunamathiselwe umzuzwana wemali etholwa yimali okungenani emibili, futhi ngisho kathathu umholo enkampanini ephakathi. Amanani 'abantu', afanele izindleko zangempela zabasebenzi, ungathatha isisekelo sokubalwa kwethu. Zibandakanya nokukhokhela ukukhangisa okunesizotha namathuluzi (futhi ngaphandle kwawo akunakwenzeka ukufeza ikhwalithi ephezulu). Ukuhlukahluka kwentengo okubonwayo kumsebenzi ofanayo kuncike ekufuneni kwe-wizadi kanye nezindleko zezinto ezisetshenzisiwe. Cabanga, kubiza kakhulu ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza naye: ngakho-ke inkosi ifaka ubungozi bayo ukonakalisa umkhiqizo obalulekile.
Manje ake sibheke amanani akhona.
Umsebenzi wamapayipi (I-Wiring entsha yepayipi, ukufakwa kokugeza, ama-cranes okugeza okugeza nokucwila, i-eyeliner emshinini wokuwasha futhi, ekugcineni kokulungiswa, ukufakwa kwendlu yangasese, ukufakwa kanye nama-cranes) kuzobiza u- $ 150-300. Esikhundleni sokushisa amabhethri- $ 20-40 ucezu ngalunye.
Ukufaka iminyango yezangaphandle - $ 30-50 ngokungenisa okubizayo kanye nama- $ 20-30 afuywayo. Ingqikithi yokufakwa kweminyango eyisikhombisa (omunye umnyango owengeziwe wengezwa kwabayisithupha esekhona) - $ 150-350.
Umsebenzi we-Tile . Njengomthetho, kufanelekile ukuhlanganisa phansi ngamathayili nezindonga ophahleni lwendlu yangasese nasendlini yangasese. Futhi kuyisikrini sezitini (futhi kufakwe amathayili). Indawo ebhekene ne-50KV.m: Endlini yokugezela - cishe 30kv.m, ekhishini, i-12kv.m nase-inthanethi, 8kv.m. Ngamanani angu- $ 8-10 nge-1QM. Sizobiza ama- $ 400-500 (amanani okubekwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu anikezwe, ngenxa yalokho izindonga zangaphakathi ezifakiwe zenziwa ngokuqinile, kanye nemithungo yobubanzi obufanayo phakathi kwe Amathayili akha imigqa evaliwe ezungeze umngcele wekamelo). Ebusweni bokuhle, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amanye amakhosi omsebenzi athatha ama- $ 15 nge-1KV.m.
I-Parquet iyasebenza : Endaweni yaphansi yendawo engu-55kv.m- $ 500-600 ($ 9-11 ye-1KV.m). Ngale ntengo, i-parquet ibekwa ngesisekelo se-plywood eyi-10-millimeter, okuthi noma amahlumela kwi-screed nge-pistol yokwakha, noma izinti ku-mastic. Lapho-ke umjikelezo we-parquet futhi embozwe izingqimba eziningana ze-varnish.
Kusekhona imisebenzi emincane efana nedivaysi yophahla lwegagasi omisiwe endlini yokugezela kanye nethoyilethi (cishe ama- $ 30-50), iKhabhinethi ethoyilethi ($ 30-50) kanye nama-plinths ($ 80-120 ngesilinganiso $ 1-1.5 nge-1POG).
Ngemuva kokudala izindleko zezinyathelo eziphambili zokulungiswa, sithola inani elidingekayo - kusuka ku- $ 2,200 liye ku- $ 3200. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isipiliyoni sethu sibonisa, izindleko zangempela zihlala ziphakeme kunalokho kubalwa, ngoba wonke ama-nuances wenqubo yokulungisa ayinakwenzeka kusengaphambili. Kungcono ukwandisa ukulinganisa ngo-15-20%. Izindleko zangempela zeVitroga zomsebenzi olungiselelwe "i-Treshka" yethu zizoba ngama- $ 2800-3700.
Vele, ungathola u- "Masters" osebenzela imali ephansi. Kepha ngeke kube ukulungiswa okuqinile nokwekhwalithi ephezulu, futhi okungaphezulu kakhulu kwe- "Eurocardia", kanye nezimonyo ezijwayelekile "ezinomphumela ongathandeki kakhulu, kuvame ukungazilungisi izindleko ngisho nakwizinto zokwakha. Njengezimbozo zeKhasimende. Ngemuva kwalokho amanani aphansi kakhulu wemisebenzi ememezelwe anxephezelwa yizindleko ezengeziwe zomsebenzi owengeziwe, njengoba kuvela umthetho ngesikhathi sokulungisa inqubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhishwa okwengeziwe yilawo avame ukufakwa ku-main.
Esinye isibonelo sokubekwa kwethayela. Izindleko zomsebenzi we-tile azikhuphuki uma zincane (kufika ku-1-2 ° C) kudingeka ukuqondaniswa kodonga. Ukulalela ukuphambuka kwabo okubonakalayo kusuka ku-vertical (cishe 3-5cm) ukuhambisana sekuvele kubhekwe njengomsebenzi owengeziwe futhi kwenziwa kusetshenziswa igridi yensimbi yensimbi.
Ngokuvamile, umqondo wokuthi "umsebenzi owengeziwe" ungacaciswanga. Ngakho-ke, yonke imininingwane kumele kuxoxwe ngayo ngaphambi kokuqala kokulungiswa, ngaphandle kwalokho ukwanda okungalindelekile kwezindleko kungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, izindleko zokubeka i-parquet ebekwe phansi azifaki ukuqondanisa phansi endaweni yonke. Ukucekelwa phansi kweleveli kwehla emhlanganweni wamakamelo asondelene nawo futhi kukhona umsebenzi owengeziwe (futhi obizayo). Qaphela, umgomo we- "uthi kusho ukuthi" lapho udweba isilinganiso akusebenzi.
Ikhwalithi futhi, ngokufanele, intengo yokulungiswa incike ezintweni ezimbili. Okokuqala, kungokuhlangenwe nakho kanye namakhono ochwepheshe wabadlali abaseduze (amakhosi). Okwesibili, ukuphathwa okunekhono, okungukuthi, ukukhethwa kochwepheshe kanye nenhlangano efanelekile yomsebenzi wabo wesigqi (ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuphumula kanye nokuhluzwa). Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwentengo yokulungiswa kwentengo inezici eziningi. Cishe akunamithetho ye-wholesale encane noma enkulu noma enkulu yenani lomsebenzi ayinciphisi, kepha, kunalokho, kukhulisa izindleko zenqubo yonke (njengoba inani lezinsizakalo zenhlangano liyanda futhi ngenxa yalokho, intengo yazo ).
Njengesibonelo, cabanga ngezindleko zokulungisa indlu yokugezela ethi "Turnkey" P-44 efanayo (iTriste "P-44 efanayo (ehlukanisayo" Imvamisa ama-Brigades amakhosi noma amafemu amancane athatha lo msebenzi kusuka ku- $ 800 kuya ku- $ 1,200.
Ukuze sihlaziywe, sisebenzisa amanani achazwe ngenhla. I-Plumbing and Filed Work (cishe amamitha-skwele angama-30. M), ukufakwa kweminyango emibili, iKhabhinethi ethoyilethi kanye nophahla olumiswe okwesikhashana, kanye nomsebenzi omncane kagesi ekugcineni uzobiza u- $ 550-800. Umehluko phakathi kwaleli nani kanye nezindleko zomsebenzi "Turnkey" - futhi kukhona inkokhelo yezinsizakalo zenhlangano. Kwenza cishe ama-50% wentengo ephelele yokulungiswa.
Ngakho-ke, uma ungeza enanini elitholwe ngenhla kwendawo eyinkimbinkimbi yomsebenzi wokulungisa efulethini elinye i-50% lenhlangano, kuzosebenza u- $ 4200-5500. Ukwehlukanisa le mali ngo-75kv. M., ngenxa ye- $ 50-70 nge-1KV.m. Izindleko zenhlangano zingase ziphakeme kune (kufika ku-100%). Uma uqala ukubheka, lokhu kukhulu kakhulu. Kepha nakhu kufaka umholo we-proBA yezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 zomsebenzi ($ 500-600), kanye nezindleko zethuluzi, okuyindlela, ngokushiswa "ngokwemvelo" njengeyabo. Ekugcineni, ungakhohlwa ngentela nokukhangisa okuqinile.
Ukuhlola ngempela ukuthi lokhu kuzwakala kanjani ngentengo yokuqala, ungakwazi, uma wena uzame ukuthatha inhlangano yomsebenzi kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yabo. Kuzofanele wenze imisebenzi yoMklami, iphepha le-pro, umphakeli, unogada, isilawuli STI.D. njll. Ukuthatha isinqumo sokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zabathengisi abazimele, ungacabangi ukuthi ngokuphakamisa ishubhu yocingo, ngokushesha ungena kuchwepheshe. By the way, ukukhethwa ngempumelelo kwezidingo eziqinile kwenziwe kanye kuphela. Ngasekude nezezingcweti ezizimele isisombululo esifanele sizodinga amahlandla amahlanu noma ayisithupha.
Ukuncintisana phakathi "kwabantu" kanye namafemu (iningi elincane), kunjalo, elikhona, kodwa hhayi elibi kangako, njengoba kungenzeka kubonakale ekuqaleni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi baphelezelelana futhi basebenzela izingxenye ezihlukile zemakethe, banikeze abathengi amandla okukhetha. Lawo makhasimende ekonga imali egcina imali edlula zonke ezinye izimpikiswano, khetha umhwebi wangasese. I-AWe, izinzwa zakhe ezibaluleke kakhulu kunemali, funa inkampani eqinile, ethembekile. Kubalulekile ukuthi yenze iphrojekthi yezobuchwepheshe enekhono, kuzothatha yonke inqubomgomo nokuvunywa kwikhomishini ye-Interdepartmental Commission (MVK), ekugcineni, kuzonikeza amakhosi alo ithuluzi elibizayo, elingafinyeleleki.
Izindleko ezihambisana nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwefulethi aziphakeme kakhulu, naphezu kokubonakala kwevolumu nezinkinga zenkinga (ikakhulukazi uma kuxazulula iziqu eziphansi eziphansi). Sebenzisa le njongo, kanye nokulayisha nokulayisha, amandla abasebenzi afanelekayo, kufana nokuthola izipikha ngesibonakhulu. Ukudilizwa kwendlu yokugezela kushibhile cishe ngo- $ 60-100. Ukulayisha kanye nokususwa kukadoti- $ 30-40, futhi kusho ukuthi ukususwa kukadoti kusebenzisa izimoto, hhayi ukususwa emnyango wethi udoti oseduze noma umnyango. Izindleko zinzima kakhulu kulokhu kusebenza okuvulekeni odongeni lukakhonkolo- $ 35-50 nge-1KV.m (lapha bese amanani ezindonga ezinobukhulu bama-18-25 cm akhonjisiwe). Lokhu kuvame ukudingeka lapho kuhlanganisa amafulethi futhi kwenziwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi abizayo (ama-perfor). Kubiza kakhulu kune- $ 150-230 ye-1Q. M- kuzoba ukusika okusobala kokuvula usebenzisa amadiski edayimane. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungaqapheli ukuthi iningi lenkinga lizoletha imvume yokwehlisa lolu hlobo ku-mvk. Ukwandisa inani lentengo yokulungiswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo ze- "Douses" zophahla lwezinga ezimbili, ama-podimic.
Izindleko zokulungisa ushintsho phakathi nonyaka. Lo mbhalo ukhombisa amanani alinganisiwe okuqala kwehlobo, angabhekwa njengokwejwayelekile. Bazoba abaphakeme kakhulu ngo-Agasti, futhi abaphansi ebusika. Amanani ezinto zokwakha esizokhuluma ngazo ngokuzayo zingaphansi kokushintshashintshashintsha kwezikhathi ezithile.
Idatha ehlanganisiwe ngezindleko zomsebenzi wokulungisa efulethini elingamagumbi amathathu ochungechunge lwe-P-44
| Izinhlobo zemisebenzi | Izindleko eziphelele zomsebenzi nezinto zokwakha, $ | Izindleko zezindleko zabasebenzi,% yezindleko eziphelele | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amakhosi azimele | Amafemu | ||
| I-Santochnic | 700-2500. | 20-30 | 30-45 |
| -Gesi | 550-1200 | 25-30 | 40-45 |
| Itilo | 900-2500 | 25-45 | 40-60 |
| Ukufakwa Kweminyango | 1100-2500. | 15-20. | 25-30 |
| -Odwe | 1300-2700 | 60-65 | 75-85 |
| Iplambeza | I-2000-3000 | 20-25 | 40-50 |
Isilinganiso sezindleko zezindleko zabasebenzi ngenani lezinto zokwakha *
| Izinhlobo zemisebenzi | Amakhosi azimele | Amafemu |
|---|---|---|
| I-Santochnic | 20-30 | 40-80 |
| -Gesi | 30-40 | 70-75 |
| Itilo | 30-80 | I-70-160 |
| Ukufakwa Kweminyango | 15-20. | 30-40 |
| -Odwe | 130-140. | 250-300 |
| Iplambeza | 40. | 100 |
* - ngohlobo ngalunye lomsebenzi, izindleko zezinto zokwamukelwa ze-100%