Ungasindisa Kanjani Ugesi? Iziphakamiso zemakethe yanamuhla: izinto zokubala, izinzwa ezinyakazayo, amadivayisi wokulawula ukukhanyisa.
Amadivayisi amaningi wokukhanyisa avele efulethini lakho elisha noma ekotishi. Uma ulandela umthetho wegolide wokuncika kwabantu, ukusetshenziswa kwawo akugcini ngokunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zikagesi, ukunweba impilo yensiza yesayithi le-electro namalambu, kodwa futhi kunikeze umnikazi wawo.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi noma ngubani aphikisane neqiniso lokuthi imali enkulu itholwa ngokudwengula abantu. Kodwa-ke, ukuceba ngokwezinto ezingokoqobo akusho ukuzungeza ulwandle oluningi olungenanjongo. I-WOZKOVSKSKOye House ikude ne-Count elimpofu uLev Tolstoy kwakungekho sibani sikagesi nocingo, osuvele kuma-90s ekhulu leminyaka elidlule, abantu besikhathi sababhali batholakala ngemali.
Omunye wabantu abacebe kunabo bonke emhlabeni, uBillineaire uPaul Ghetty ofakwe endlini yakhe ekhokhele izimoto zocingo, okwakudingeka zisebenzise labo ababefuna ukubiza izivakashi. Umnikazi wasekhaya ocebile, uqeda isikhundla se-janitor, wangabaza amathrekhi. Akekho owake wachitha ugesi kuye nangamanzi ngaphandle kwezidingo ezikhethekile.
Ngabe ucabanga, negrafu, kanti amabhiliyare ayengama-scopidomas namaqhubu, izindlalifa ezingokomoya zikaGogol Plushkin? Lutho neze. Bamba sonke isifiso sokukhuthaza umbono wokuncika.
Indoda engenangqondo nengcolile kuphela ezobonwa kusuka ezinkombeni ze-stodollar futhi igeze izandla zayo ngo-brandy "Hincesi". Ngaleso sikhathi, isikulufu esivuliwe ngamanzi aphakade, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kufakwe ukukhanya emakamelweni angenalutho, izinkulungwane zama-chandeliers lapho kwanele ukusebenzisa ama-luminaires aphansi, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisebenzayo - zonke lezi zinto zokuhleleka okufanayo Ukuntuleka kwemfundo nokuntuleka kwamasiko ezakhamizi ezindlini ezinjalo.
Ezindlini zesiNgisi sami esicebile, akwamukelwa nsuku zonke ukuyogeza (thatha ishawa ngokushesha futhi ushiye njalo isitofu sikagesi (eshibhile), geza izingubo ntambama (imoto isuswe a intela ekhethekayo yama-oon amabili). Akekho kubo ozoshisa ugesi ngaphandle kwendlu, kufaka phakathi isibani esingemuva engadini nasekungeneni kwefa kuphela ezimweni ezidingekayo.
Inkambu yokusebenzisa ugesi empilweni yansuku zonke ihlala yanda. Emnothweni ongazinzile, imali kagesi iyanda kakhulu. Inkinga yokulondolozwa kwamandla iba okubaluleke kakhulu kombuso kanye nabasebenzisi abathile bokufakwa kukagesi. Ngo-1996, kwakhiwa isinqumo sikahulumeni sokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo zokonga amandla. IMosenerpo yathuthuka futhi yavunywa usuku lwezinsuku nobusuku (okukhethiwe) kwamanani entela kagesi, abantu kanye nezinhlaka zezomthetho zihlongozwa ukusungula amamitha kagesi ngentela ephindwe kabili emakhaya nasezikhungweni. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi ukwakhiwa okusanda kwakhiwa ekhaya kufakwe i-SEB-2-2 yesigaba esisodwa, umthwalo wamandla kuze kube ngama-AMPS angama-50) bese usetha-4-2 (isigaba esingu-60) ukuze okuyinto ithuluzi okufanele lixhunywe ekushintsheni kwamanani entela.. Ngenkathi inkinga ixazululwa ngokuqinile emkhakheni wokuxhashazwa kwamadivayisi wokukhanyisa, yize kungebona abaqoqi abaphambili bamanje.
Yini engenziwa ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi, ngokufanele, izindleko zokusebenza kwamagridi wamandla kanye namadivayisi wokukhanyisa?
Onjiniyela bakagesi banemibono eminingi. Isixazululo esihle kungaba ukudala uhlobo olucwebezelayo lwezibuko, okuvumela ukukhulisa ukuzwela kwamehlo.
Cabanga, mnyama, ugqoke imibono ye-Twilight (ebusuku), engakhawuleli umsebenzi wakho wezimoto futhi ikuvumele ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda ngaphandle komthombo ongezekayo wokukhanya. Kuze kube manje, okwenziwe ekhaya, amadivayisi anjalo ayinkimbinkimbi futhi asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ngezinhloso zempi.
Enye indlela ukusetshenziswa kwamalambu akhuphule ukusebenza kokukhanya ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncane. Ezinjalo zikhona ngempela. Izibani ze-reasur fleorescent ezinomthamo we-10-20WS zinokuphuma okukhanyayo kwamalambu we-40-80-watts incandescent, impilo yabo yenkonzo izikhathi ezi-6 ubude kunejwayelekile. Cishe bonke abakhiqizi abaholayo bemishini kagesi bahlinzekwa cishe ngabo bonke abakhiqizi abaholayo bemishini kagesi. Kodwa-ke, kukhona i-nuance, engenakwenzeka ukuthi ingabhekwa ngayo: I-Mercury iyinsimbi enobuthi kakhulu, futhi izibani ezinjalo azinconywa. Noma ngabe ezikhungweni nasemgwaqweni, izibani ezinamalambu ze-mercury zivikelekile emaphandleni, ukulahlwa okulandelayo kwezibani ezinjalo kufakwa emihlanganweni yethu yalo msebenzi. Ngokuqondene namalambu we-halogen, ayabiza kakhulu futhi adinga ukufakwa kokwehlisa ama-transformers, okungahlali kusebenza kalula.
Ekugcineni, kunendlela yesithathu yokuxazulula inkinga yokonga amandla, lapho onjiniyela bakagesi behambe khona - ukudala amasistimu wokonga ugesi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kanye nokuqalisa kwamadivayisi wokulawula kanye nokulawula ukukhanyisa.
Eminyakeni emithathu eyedlule ezweni lethu, okokuqala ngqa, insiza yokuxhumanisa ukukhanya ngokubambezeleka kwesikhathi okuguqukayo kwatholakala futhi kwatholakala ukushintshwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-AV-C-0.2-2.5 UHL 4, osakhiqizwa yizitshalo ezahlukahlukene ku I-CIS, ikakhulukazi yinkampani eyimpumputhe e-Almaty. Ngicindezele inkinobho - ukukhanya kuvulwe nangesikhathi esibekiwe (imvamisa imizuzu emibili) kuvaliwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu emcimbini osukela egumbini ukuya egumbini, unamathela kwisikhathi sesikhathi, ngokwesibonelo, ekotashini, usuka ephaketheni, ezitebhisini eziya egumbini lokuhlala. Ungakhululekile uma ngabe yinoma yisiphi isizathu uhlale endleleni: Ukukhanya kucima ngesikhathi esingafanele kunazo zonke (ngokwesibonelo, ezitebhisini, lapho ubamba khona ucingo oluphathekayo). Kodwa-ke, kuhlolwe ngesikhathi, kushibhile futhi kunokwethenjelwa.
Ngokwethulwa kwemishini ye-microprocessor, indlela ephelele yokuxazulula inkinga ivele. Ukulala kuka-microprocessor sekuye kwenzeka ukwandisa noma ukwehlisa i-voltage (ngokufanele ukushintsha amandla amanje) ngakho-ke lungisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi. Amadivayisi alula kakhulu alungisa ngokuphelele ukukhanyiswa ngesandla noma okuzayo.
Isisekelo sentuthuko eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe umgomo wezinhlelo zokuphepha. Uma inzwa yohlelo lokuphepha, ephendula ekuhambeni komuntu egumbini, idlulisela isinali ye-alamu noma ifaka izwe, bese inzwa efanayo yokulawula futhi iphendule ngento ehamba ngendlela ethile, iphendukela ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi inqamule Ukukhanya kucishiwe. Lolu hlobo lwamadivayisi okulawula abizwa ngokuthi izinzwa ezingenziwa nge-infrared (zokuthola) zokunyakaza. Idivaysi icushiwe yinzwa yohlobo olungenamikhawulo ephendukela ekushiseni (imisebe ye-infrared) yomzimba womuntu ngendlela enikeziwe yendawo, lapho kungenzeka khona into eshukumayo. Inzwa ibhekana nokuphakama kwento. Ngakho-ke, ungakhathazeki ukuthi ukukhanya kuvulwa, uma ikati lakho noma inja igijima ephaseji.
Isibonelo, inkampani yaseJalimane iBusch-Jaeger inikezela inzwa engu-180UP in sen sensor eRussia ezinguqulweni ezimbili: Okujwayelekile, lapho wonke amapharamitha asebenza afakwe khona efektri nalowo, lapho kufakwa khona isikhathi, ububanzi be Indawo yokuthola into isetha umsebenzisi uqobo. Ngokwengeziwe, ungafaka inzwa ebuhlungu nge-angle yokubuka eyeluliwe (kuze kube ngu-2700), okuvumela ukuthi "ubone" ngemuva kwendiza emnyango. Kulokhu, indlela yakho iqala ukukhanyisa ngisho nangaphambi kokuwela umkhawulo wegumbi - vele lapho uvula umnyango wangaphambili.
Ukunwetshwa okunjalo komsebenzi wokuqapha kuhlinzeka abahlali ekhaya amazinga amasha wenduduzo, ukungasaphathwa ukuphepha okwandayo. Abathuthukisi basekhaya bedivaysi elifanayo elilawulwa ukukhanya kwe-Pou-1 kusuka ku-Orion Ngam baqhubeka ngendlela ehlukile: basebenzise inzwa esebenzayo ye-microwave, efana nalokho okusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuphepha. Idivayisi ikuvumela ukuthi uvule futhi ukhanyise indawo endaweni eyi-10M, ngokwesibonelo, lapho usondela emphemeni wendlu.
Izinguquko zokukhanyisa zifakwe isilawuli kude esikude, esifana nethelevishini. I-ASSUUM ingashintshwa ezingeni lokukhanya, vula futhi uvale ukukhanya kokubili e-Indoor endlini nasemakamelweni eduze kwalo ngokuhambisana nemisebenzi ezenzakalelayo egxilwe kuma-microprocessor.
Amadivaysi okuthuthukisa idatha asekhaya alungele ngoba enzelwe ukufaka emabhokisini okushintshwa okujwayelekile kweSoviet futhi awadingi ukusetshenziswa komqhubi we-zero ohlukile. Kufakiwe In the Order of Anderment Effertment Buildings in North Levo, bathola kuphela impendulo enhle. Idivaysi yokulawula okubushelelezi nokude kokukhanya kwe-PPDO BPKB ekhiqizwa yiLyubeetsk France "Plastics" ihloselwe ukufakwa kwamabhukwana nokude nokucisha amadivayisi wokukhanyisa nokukhanya okubushelelezi kokukhanya kwamalambu we-incandescent kuze kube ngu-5m. Umlawuli wokushintsha okukude kwamadivayisi wokukhanyisa kagesi we-DVR-1Buti wokukhiqizwa kwe-NGO Orion awunazo ama-analogues asentshonalanga: kuhloselwe ukuxhumana (ukusika kuze kube ngu-10 cm) kanye nokucisha i Amadivayisi wokukhanyisa kanye nokulawulwa okubushelelezi kwama-Incandescent Bulbs kusuka kude kuya ku-5m. Indlela yokuxhumana nokulungiswa kokulungiswa kanye nokuqina kokhiye wokushintsha, okusho okuningi, uma esendlini, ngokwesibonelo, kukhona umuntu ogulayo.
Intshisakalo uhlelo olunokulawulwa okukude kweBusch-FernControl IR, olunikeza isethi ephelele yezici ezihlukile. Vula phambili, inika umsebenzisi amandla okukhumbula ukugqama kwemithombo eminingi yokukhanya. Uhlelo luqukethe abathola imisebe emincane ebekwe ngodonga kanye nokulawula okukodwa okukude. Abamukeli bahlome ngokushintshwa, ama-plugs aguqukayo we-voltage, abalawuli bokukhanyisa ophahleni, kanye namalambu e-fluorescent. Ngokuvumelanisa, kwavulwa isibani setafula lapho uthanda khona, futhi usiphathe khona kusuka kude! Ungahlela izinketho zokukhanyisa ezakhiweni zekhaya lakho futhi uzenze ngokucindezela inkinobho eyodwa kuphela!
Muva nje, inani elikhulu lamadivayisi okulawula ukungenisa avele emakethe yaseRussia. Izimo ezilula kakhulu zokukhiqizwa kwaseChina zivunyelwe ngama-Touch amathathu okuzayo okuzayo ukuze ashintshe izinga lokukhanya noma ukucisha ukukhanya. Ukungapheleli kokwakheka kwezimpophoma kunciphisa impilo yokusebenza kwazo kuya eminyakeni emibili, futhi kungaletha noma nini. Ukuhlukahluka okusebenzayo kanye nokumelana nomsebenzi kubonakaliswa ngamadivayisi okulawula i-French Firm Legrand, ikakhulukazi amalambu aqhelile ukukhulisa amandla aphelele wemithombo ekhanyayo (i-halogen, amalambu we-fluorescent kanye namalambu we-incandescent) kusuka ku-1kw kuya ku-25kw. Zivumela zombili izilawuli zokulawula ezikude ezikude kusuka kumlawuli wokukhanya komyalo nokulawulwa kwendawo kusetshenziswa ukushintshwa kwe-pushbutton noma ukushintshwa kwe-elekthronikhi. Zombili lezi zinhlelo zokulawula zihlinzeka ngekhono lokonga ngememori yamanani athile amapharamitha alawulwayo.
Ama-Microprocessorsorsorsorsorsorsorsorsorsor asezingeni eliphakeme athembekile athembeke kakhulu, yize ebiza kakhulu, kepha futhi evela kubo, njengezinto ezifuywayo ezifuywayo, kukhona iphutha. Cabanga nje ukuthi i-lace yadalulwa ehholo futhi kwadingeka ukuthi ukhiphe ukubopha. Ukukhanya kuzobuyiselwa ngokushesha ngoba indlela oziphatha ngayo ayibekwa kudivayisi ye-microprocessor yedivayisi. Ukumbhalela futhi, kuzofanela sizuze ngesandla sakho ukuphakama kokukhula kobuntu okuhlobene.
Olunye uhlobo lwedivaysi yokulawula ukushintshwa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-twilight, okusekelwe ekwakhiweni kwalo yi-PhotoCell. Idivaysi yasekhaya ye-STET-Down kanye nokuvalwa komoya kokutholwa komoya komoya wokudelela komoya we-Betho Broad NO "Orion" yakhelwe ukuvula ngokuzenzakalela futhi kuphume imigqa yamalambu esakhiweni ngokuya ngokukhanya kwemvelo ngokuya ngokukhanya kwemvelo ngokuya ngokukhanya kwemvelo ngokuya ngokukhanya kwemvelo ngokuya ngokukhanya kwemvelo ngokuya ngokukhanya kwemvelo ngokuya ngokukhanya kwemvelo ngokuya ngesibani semvelo. Ukushintshwa okufanayo nemisebenzi ehlelekile futhi uhla lokukhanya oluhlukahlukene lunikezwa eRussia yiSouth Korea, isiJalimane, isiFulentshi, isiSwedish nezinye izinkampani. I-Legrand Twilight Shintsha ilawula ukukhanyisela kusuka ku-UUCs emi-5 kuye kwangama-25, futhi lapho usebenzisa i-PhotoCell ngesikrini esikhethekile sephepha, kuze kufike ku-600 Suite.
Usuvele ubona umbuzo: Kungani sikhuluma kuphela ngamadivayisi wokukhanyisa?
Futhi kuthiwani uma inkosi ekhohliwe ishiya insimbi noma isitofu sikagesi futhi izimpukane zifudumale ngaphansi kwemisebe yeSunprus Sunshik?
Eseduze, lapho ubuyela emuva, kulindeleke ukuthi kusetshenziswe ugesi kagesi ongafanele ne-akhawunti eqinile yokusebenzisa ugesi, kokubi kakhulu ... kahle, ngeke sikwazi ukwenza isimo. Inkinga ibaluleke kakhulu, futhi izingqondo ezinhle kakhulu zamafemu aholayo akhiqiza izimpahla zikagesi ziyawashaya.
I-Nokia ngomunye walabo abaphishekela inhloso yokubeka umsebenzi wabo bonke ukufakwa kukagesi endlini ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwekhompyutha. Ithuba elinjalo lavela ngenxa yenguquko emkhakheni we-wiring yangaphakathi yezakhiwo - ukufakwa kwethayi lokufaka le-Instabiseb. Lapho amakhono e-wiring afihlekile asondela emikhawulweni yawo, ukusetshenziswa kwethayi lokufaka i-Nokia avumela ukuhlinzeka ngokonga amandla kuphela, ukunethezeka okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kanye nokukhula kwamakhono wezobuchwepheshe we-gesi kagesi, kepha futhi akuthathe ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwekhompyutha. Ngenkathi ukuthuthukiswa kokuqapha amakhompyutha kwegridi yamandla kuso isivivinyo. Kepha ngisho ukwethulwa okusheshayo kohlelo lwe-Nokia System akuthembisi ukuthi kuzobiza okushibhile. Kodwa-ke, umuntu onokuthile ongasindisa, uzohamba kahle uma usungula uhlelo. Zungeza, njengoba wazi, ukhokha kabili.
Ngenkathi ochwepheshe baseNtshonalanga behlola, izingcweti ezifuywayo zinikela ngezindlela ezithuthuke kakhulu, kodwa zangempela zokuvikela indlu ngokunganakwa kobani abakhohliwe. Yves iron, futhi esitofini sikagesi, futhi kunoma iyiphi into yokushisa, ithuluzi lingafakwa ngamapharamitha aguqukayo kanye nezinzwa zokushisa ezixhumene ngokwanele kumadivayisi avuthiwe avikelayo ngemuva kokucwengwa kwawo okungelula (ngasikhathi sinye akunjalo Kuyadingeka ukushintsha i-RCD ukuze kube ngokwakhayo) ukushintsha icala lengozi idivaysi ethile ikhutshaziwe. Omunye umbono wekhaya ukususa izinzwa ezintweni ezisebenza ngogesi kwiphaneli yokulawula yohlelo lokuphepha, umnikazi wendlu kanye namalungu omndeni wakhe abeka khona indawo yokuhlala, avule futhi akhiya umnyango. I-sensor esayina insimbi noma i-electrocamine engabonakali ngeke ivumele ukuvala umnyango (ungene ohlelweni lohlelo lokuphepha umsebenzi owengeziwe) futhi luzophoqa umsebenzisi okhonjiwe ukuthi abuye futhi acime uhlelo lokusebenza lukagesi.
Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezilula ezilula zokukhohlwa, abanikazi ababikhona? Yehlisa umoya, kukhona izindlela ezinjalo: Isikhathi sendabuko sidlulisela kanye nama-timers ahlelekile. Isikhathi sidluliselwe, sifakwe ngqo esokisini, sinesivinini se-shutter, ngesivinini se-shutter, ishayela (ukunika amandla futhi sikhubaze noma yimuphi umthwalo ngemvamisa enikeziwe, okusebenzayo. Isikhathi esilula sikuvumela ukuthi uxhume umthwalo ngesikhathi esibekiwe. Zifakiwe zombili kuma-switchboards nakuma-sockets. I-Legrand Export Timers ikuvumela ukuba usethe kusuka ku-18 kuye ku-58 okwenziwe ngesikhathi esize kube isonto lonke ngokubonisa okuqukethwe kwabo ku-Scoreboard noma kwisibonisi se-liquid Crystal. Izinhlelo zesikhathi zingadonswa phezulu ukuze zinqamule noma yiziphi izinto zikagesi ezishiywe zinganakekelwa.
Kodwa-ke, sekuyisikhathi sokupholisa uthuli olumnandi futhi ubuyela emhlabathini, lapho sisebenza khona njalo sibhekene ne-heansill inxeba elimele "imbuzi" nge-electrocamine yebhukwana, lapho umnikazi ocwebezelayo ocwiliswa kusihlwa. Impendulo kulokhu iyindinganiso: "Mhlawumbe Nestgorim." Impilo ku- "Mhlawumbe", ukuchitha amanzi angacabangi, igesi nokukhanyisa ngokungabikho kwama-coonal ngamunye, kusenokwenzeka, kodwa hhayi ngoba sihlushwa yilokhu? Ngabe yimalini esicebile ukuze singathengi futhi singabizi, kodwa sidingekile kakhulu amadivayisi wokulawula nokulawulwa kokukhanyisa? Kubukeka sengathi impendulo iyazicubungula: Uma i-graph tolstoy, ethole imali ephakeme kakhulu ezindabeni eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, ezisindisiwe, yini ezokhuluma ngathi?
Khumbula isiqephu kusuka encwadini engafi ye-ILF ne-E.Petrov "12stulviv". Kulokho okwabuswa ngabaqashi beVasisuali Lohankin? Kusekuseni lokukhanya kwezwe lonke. , abantu babethuthukile, ngemuva kwalokho baphanga ushizi wamahhala. (Funda: Amanzi, Amanzi, Ukukhanya), okuthi, njengoba sazi, kuthi, sicabanga ngesinye isinyathelo esiya phezulu Okungenani elinye lamadivayisi okulawula achazwe ngenhla kanye nokulawula ukukhanyisa ukuze asho okugcwele: "Asibona ama-LOHAKINS! I-Lohankin ayikho!"
Abahleli babonga i-tfselectrotecnic ngokusiza ukuhlela ukudubula, kanye nemenenja ye-C.A. Ptashkin kanye nonjiniyela osebenza ngogesi a.v.kuzilina ngolwazi olunikeziwe.