Indawo yokungena yesakhiwo sokuhlala

Indlu iqala ngomnyango omkhulu. Imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-node yokufaka edingwa yinombolo yokufaka ekotishini, indawo yazo nokuqondiswa.

Umbono wokuqala wanoma iyiphi indawo yokuhlala usesimweni e-facade yawo. Kokunye, kudlalwa indima yokugcina idlalwa lapha inhlobo yomnyango omkhulu wendlu. Ngakho-ke, kule ndatshana sizojwayelana nemikhuba emikhulu ekubekeni, enhlanganweni kanye nezakhiwo zezakhiwo kanye nobuciko bokungena okuyinhloko kwendlu ngayinye, okufanele ikhokhwe ukunakwa okukhethekile.

Isakhiwo sendawo ngayinye yezwe sisendaweni yaso yasekuqaleni ezungezwe yindawo yendawo, umndeni ngamunye unokunambitheka kwawo, izicelo zawo, ngakho-ke, okungenhla kukhombisa kuphela izimiso ezijwayelekile okufanele zichazwe ekuthuthukisweni kwephrojekthi yabo. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukungena kwinkomba yendlu, isimo somphakathi kanye nokunambitheka okuhle kwamabutho. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ubuntu besakhiwo, ukubaluleka kwalo kutholakala kakhulu ngenxa yesisombululo sokuqala sohlobo lwangaphandle lwako konke ekhaya futhi, ikakhulukazi, indawo yaso yokufaka.

Okokuqala, ake sizame ukuphendula imibuzo esemqoka: Yimiphi imisebenzi okufanele ngabe umnyango (ikakhulukazi ophambili), yiziphi izidingo okufanele zihlangane? Mangaki okokufaka okufanele kunikezwe ekotashini? Ungakubeka kuphi nokuthi ungagxila kuphi?

Ubukhulu, indawo yokuhlala kanye nokuqondiswa kwendlu esizeni ezinhlangothini zokukhanya, maqondana nomgwaqo wokufinyelela, kubalulekile kulowo makhelwane wanoma iyiphi ikotishi.

Muva nje, abaningi babekholelwa ukuthi lapho kungekudala indlu, ngcono. Impilo ikhombisile ukuthi lokhu akusona iqiniso ngaso sonke isikhathi. Azikho izici ezibaluleke kakhulu, ikhono lomakhi, ukuvumelana kwayo yonke isakhiwo. Evame ukuhlangana, yisho emadolobheni amancane, angenakuqhathaniswa, alula, amafindo asemqoka, anezitebhisi ezingenakuqhathaniswa angenazitebhisi ezihlangene, ezine-canobes enezitezi ezinezitezi ezimbili , Ngeshwa, yeka kakhulu ukunciphisa ukulula kanye nenani lendlu lapho kuchithwa khona imali eningi.

Ngakho-ke zingaki okokufaka okufanele zibe nendlwana enezitezi ezimbili noma ezi-single-storey of medium osayizi anesisekelo esingaphansi kanye ne-attic yendawo ephelele ye-130-350m2? Kungcono kakhulu ukuhlela iminyango emibili. I-OPER-CORO-TRORORE eya kusakhiwo sesakhiwo futhi isizwa; Enye i-coresone yendawo yengadi, okungukuthi, kaningi, kusukela ohlangothini lwendlu. Kwesinye isikhathi ungenza kuphela ngomnyango owodwa, otholakala ohlangothini noma emuva, e-facade engadini, kodwa ukuze kufanele uyisebenzise ohlangothini lokungena endaweni, nangohlangothini lwensimu. Ukungena kwendlu kuvame ukuhlelwa ngeVeranda. Ukungena kwesisekelo kungahlelwa kokubili kusuka ngaphakathi kwendlu, nangaphandle, kaningi, imifino yengadi.

Isikhalazo sangaphandle sendlu sinqunywa ikakhulukazi ukwakheka, osayizi kanye nendawo yokungena main ku-facade.

Ngendawo yayo ye-Symmetric, okungukuthi, enkabeni ye-facade, indlu imvamisa inommeleli owengeziwe, umbono we-parade. I-Asymmetric, ukubekwa okuncane okubonakalayo kokungena okuvame ukunikeza ukwakheka okwengeziwe izwe, umlingiswa obuseduze. Futhi, ngakusekhaya, kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukubona izindlu ezinkulu zezwe ngalinye, okufakwayo okutholakala kuncane futhi akunandaba noma ngabe ngengozi, ngaphandle kokubheka ukwakheka okujwayelekile kwe-facade.

Ngakho-ke yikuphi ukucatshangelwa okufanele kuqondiswe ngokwakha ukungena endlini?

Ubukhulu bokungena kufanele bunikeze ukubekwa kalula kanye nobukhulu obanele besayithi lokufaka (i-porch) kanye neminyango ngobubanzi nokuphakama kwendima yomuntu nefenisha yokukhwabanisa. Manje, isikhathi, umhlangano wokungena kanye neminyango kumele ilingane futhi ilingane nendlu, okungukuthi, ihlanganiswe zombili kusuka ngobukhulu besakhiwo buwonke kanye nama-facades alo.

Imvamisa, ngesikhathi sokwakha, umbuzo uphakama: Uyini umnyango wangaphandle kufanele ube sendlini: Ongashadile noma onomqondo ophindwe kabili? Kungenzeka ube, eyodwa-nohhafu, lapho enye ye-canvas (ebanzi) ihloselwe ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, kanti okulandelayo kuncane, ngezikhathi ezithile kuvulwa, ngokwezikhathi ezithile, ngefenisha yokuzithandela? Ububanzi obuvame kakhulu be-canvas yomnyango owodwa wangaphandle ngu-850-950mm; ukuvalwa nge-canvases efanayo - 850mm; Ububanzi ububanzi bewebhu enkulu, cishe i-800mm, auzka - 350-400mm. Ukuphakama kweminyango yangaphandle kuvame ukuguquguquka kusuka ngo-1550 kuya ku-2200 mm, kucatshangelwa ukuphakama phansi kanye nokwakheka okuphelele kwendlu. Inketho iyathandwa lapho iminyango ivuleka. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi iminyango yokuvama ithatha isikhala esincane ephepheni lompheme (ukuvula isiza emnyango ovulekile kufanele kunikezwe ibanga okungenani le-750mm).

Izitebhisi zokhuni ezikhuleni (ekhoneni lezinyathelo ongazibona izimbobo zokugeleza kwamanzi) iminyango yokungena (insimbi, kusuka ku-green) ingafakwa ekwakhekeni kwangaphandle, noma i-oki yekhwalithi yekhwalithi ye-coniferous noma i-oki. Lapho uqeda iminyango enjalo kuyinto efiselekayo ukugcina umbala wemvelo kanye nokuthungwa kwesihlahla. Kuyamukelwa futhi ukuhlomisa iminyango yokungena ngezibambo ezinkulu, ezintofontofo.

Zonke izinhlobo zezihlathi ngeke zingeze ukukhanga. Izinqaba kungcono ukwenza udaka, ngoba zithembeke kakhulu, zisindiswe kahle futhi azichithi ukuvela komnyango. Ngokuqinisa i-sash phezulu nangaphansi, kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-shock ackfunds kanye nezingwegwe ezihlala isikhathi eside, ngoba ama-spivelights ajwayelekile abhubhisa ngokuqinile ukuxhumana kwe-angular. IJamb ephansi ifiselekile ukusika iqabunga lethusi noma i-aluminium main 20-30cm, livikela ubuso bomnyango ukusuka ekungcoleni nasekumodeni ngomshini.

Umnyango wangaphandle ubukeka kahle uma kuqhathaniswa ngombala wodonga: ngombala omnyama noma odongeni lwamapulangwe, umnyango wenziwe ukukhanya; Ngomhlophe, ngokwesibonelo, i-ocher-golide noma umbala wokhuni lwaseMoraine.

Imvamisa umnyango wenzeka ngesimo esingunxande. Kepha, uma kuvumela ukuphakama kwaphansi, kungaphothulwa ngesigaxa, kanye newindows ethange lemali ebekiwe, okuthi, ngaphandle kwawo, kukhanyisela ngaphambili. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zeminyango yangaphandle (amanani wasekhaya) awekho, kepha amafemu ngamanye anikela ngochungechunge lwawo oluhlukahlukene ekudwebeni, amacebo, ukugcotshwa, osayizi, izindleko zeminyango. Ungafanelekile ukukhetha umkhombandlela noma wenze i-oda ngalinye.

Umnyango wokungena ovela ngaphakathi kufanele ubekwe ezingeni eliphansi lesitezi sokuqala. Uhlangothi olwengeziwe phambi kweminyango luyadingeka ngaphezulu kwezinga lomhlabathi (noma phansi kwethala), okuholela obala, othango (izitimela (ama-metal ama-rack noma ama-slots) noma ngaphandle kwawo , isitebhisi.

Indawo ephakanyisiwe phambi komnyango (umsebenzi ngo-400-600mm, futhi uma kukhona ongaphansi noma ongaphansi, okuphezulu kakhulu, okuphezulu) kufanele kube ngu-30-50mm ngaphansi kwezinga eliphansi leTambour futhi ube nethambeka elingaphandle (20mm ngobude obungaphandle) amanzi adonsa amanzi. Isiza sisebenza njengokuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwezakhiwo zesitezi sokuqala ekungcoleni, emanzi, iqhwa, ukushaya kanye nomonakalo ongaba ngumshini. Isakhiwo esinesiza sokungena esikhulisiwe, isitebhisi kanye nesiqephu esiveziwe sibukeka sihle futhi siyathandeka. Amafomu wesayithi nezitebhisi angahluka kakhulu.

Ubukhulu bepulatifomu bunqunywa, ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni njengoba kube lula nobuhle. Ibala lokudlala eliphambi komnyango lingaba nonxande nolunye, ngokwesibonelo, ukwakheka okuhle, futhi ubukhulu bawo kufanele kube ukuze bathumele abantu abambalwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, esizeni ngaphambi kokungena ku-scracer ukuhlanza izicathulo kusuka ekungcoleni naseqhweni, kanye ne-grille ekhethekile ekhiphekayo phansi.

Ukungena okuvela engadini kungahlelwa nge-veranda noma ithala elivulekile, elingathola isambulela esikhulu sombala, ithebula lokudlela noma ukwenza i-pergola izitshalo eziluhlaza eziluhlaza ezinikeza isithunzi esimnandi. Endabeni yothando, indawo kufanele ibe nokulwa nesithwathwa, ekhangayo emdwebeni nangombala wenhlanganisela phansi kanye nokwakheka okuhambisanayo. Kungaba ukwakheka okulandelayo: I-Ceramic Tile - 6mm, uCinder Botar-14mm, i-Centsher-Sand Motaning Screed imayelana ne-50mm, i-concrete solig stove 70-120mm (noma i-toin-22mm (noma i-toin-22mm), isuselwa kwizisekelo zokunamathiselwe okuphelele (ku Ukujula kwenhlabathi kuyabanda kulesi sifunda), umcamelo wesihlabathi ongaphezu kwama-300mm.

Uma umpheme wamapulangwe, khona-ke amabhodi phansi phansi kufanele abekwe "ukuhamba" - ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukuwageza futhi ubanikeze ithambeka.

Iminyango yangaphandle yokufaka ingakhiwa nge-Platband noma ngisho nengosi encane. Ngokuhambisana nokwakheka kwevolumu, zingatholakala ekujuleni kwe-loggia, kepha kaningi ngaphansi kwe-canopy noma nge-visor yefomu elilodwa noma elinye. Yebo, nezinye, izinto ezingabizi kakhulu nezisebenziseka kakhulu zendlu. Ngokuya ngesisombululo esakhayo, zinguhlobo lweConsole, nokuphumula okukhulu ezindongeni zokuxhaswa okuncane, izinsika. Ama-Consoles ahlangenwe nakho ezindongeni ezifanayo nepuleti elifanayo, aphumule emishameni ye-cantilever, noma okungajwayelekile, kepha kubukeka kahle, kuvinjelwe emaketangeni noma emakhefeni. Ama-Visors nama-canopies angasuselwa ezintweni zensimbi ze-cantilever yensimbi, ezenziwe ngobuciko be-bent rods (cishe ngo-20020mm) noma imichilo (3-520mm).

Izinsika zokusekelwa zingenziwa ngensimbi egoqiwe, izinkuni, ezenziwe ngensimbi ekhonkolo noma ngamapayipi akhulile, noma, njengezindonga zokuxhaswa ezimfishane, ezenziwe ngezitini. Ukuhlanganiswa kwemibono nama-canopies kungenziwa ngento efanayo nophahla lwevolumu enkulu yesakhiwo, kusuka kukhonkolo okhanyayo noma zensimbi. Ekuseni, ukusakazeka kokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuyatholakala (i-plexiglass, i-firmware, amapulasitiki). Isimo sezulu esivumelekile ngaphansi kwe-visor enjalo sikhanya impela. Ngokwesimo (kanye ne-opaque yendabuko) ingaba isicaba (ngokukhetha okungu-2%), ngesimo sophahla oluphindwe kabili, olotshwe, olunye uhlobo. Ukususwa kwamanzi nge-visor kukhululekile ubuso behlangothini noma kuqondiswe kumathreyi kanye nepayipi lokudonsa.

I-canopy engenhla komnyango ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngaphansi kwe-balcony yesitezi sesibili.

I-Tambour iyigumbi elincane le-slice, elihlome ngokungena esakhiweni ukuze lithuthukise ukuphepha nangendlela efanele ukuvikela indlu kusuka kumakhaza nokudangala. Kwelinye izwe ezimweni eziningi azikho amathambo nezicabha ezivela egumbini lokuhlala zivule ngqo ethafeni noma eluhlaza okotshani. Kepha lokhu kunjalo lapho okuhlangenwe nakho kwakwelinye izwe kungasilungele kakhulu, uma kungenxa yokuthi iningi leRussia, izimo ezinzima zezulu, nezinhlelo ezisebenzayo zokuvikela ezivikelayo azisebenzi. Okwe-Medium-Russian, futhi nangaphezulu, ngezindawo ezisenyakatho zeRussia, iTamburA iyadingeka, noma ngabe ihlela ukufudumala (ngokwesibonelo, ukufudumeza izigqoko zikagesi). Kufanele wazi ukuthi ukujula kwethambori, okungukuthi, ibanga phakathi kweminyango etholwe ephikisayo kumele okungenani ibe ngu-1,2 m.

Vele, ezindlini zasengadini nasezindlini zisebenza kuphela ngesizini efudumele, ungenza ngaphandle kwezithambo noma zibeke esikhundleni sazo (njengakwezinye izindawo zasemadolobheni) ezihlanjululweni eziphindwe kabili zehle ngebanga okungenani le-20 cm.

Ngokuya ngenani eliphelele lokuhlela ivolumu yesakhiwo kanye nenganekwane yomakhi, iTambourng ingenziwa kusuka endizeni ephelele ye-facade noma ihlanganiswe ngevolumu enkulu yekotishi. Ngasikhathi sinye, iminyango yangaphandle neyangaphakathi ingatholakala kwi-axis eyodwa nge-facade, noma isixazululo esijikelezayo komunye nomunye ngo-90. Isixazululo sokugcina sinciphisa umjovo weTambour, kepha kungenza kube nzima Thwala ifenisha futhi ubukeka ekwabiwa kancane, ngakho-ke kuvame ukusetshenziselwa okokufaka okulandelayo nokufakwayo ngokusebenzisa i-veranda, kuleli cala futhi kufanekisela uhlobo lwe-vestibule eyeluliwe.

Ingabe izicabha zokungena zikhanyiselwe noma ziyizithulu nakanjani? Ezinye izakhamizi zikholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha kungcono ukuhlela umnyango oyisithulu. Kodwa-ke, benza ukuxhumana okubonakalayo kwezangaphakathi ngemvelo yangaphandle, yenza ihholo elimnyama noma i-hally, ngokucindezela "umuntu ngamunye futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwakha ukungaphatheki kahle. Emhlabeni wonke, iminyango yokungena yezakhiwo zesimanje yenziwa obala. Ama-UNAs emazingeni okusakhela amanje ezakhiwo zangaphandle zezakhiwo zomphakathi kumele zibe nokukhazimula. Ukuze umphefumulo uzolile nokuvikeleka kweminyango ye- "Final" kungahle kube nge-GlassPredced noma ingilazi ezinxubule noma kuqiniswe ngama-lattices amahle okuvikela okuhlobisa. Iminyango etholwayo ingahlonyiswa ngokuvuka okuvuselelayo futhi kwehlise ama-shutter anqabile kanye namakhamera wevidiyo.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwamanye amazwe, ngokwesibonelo, eSwitzerland ezolile futhi ephephile, ubukhulu bendawo yokungena, enobuqili bensimbi, umnyango ufinyelela ku-100-120mm (ukushuba emnyango kakhulu iminyango ncamashi kabili.

Isixazululo sokhetho kanye nokwakha izitebhisi eziholela emphemeni wendlu kufanele futhi sikhokhelwe ukunaka okukhulu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kuya ngendawo yayo, amapharamitha, ukubukeka kuncike kakhulu. Isitebhisi sokungena singase sibe nge-peppendicular ku-facade; Ilele eceleni kwe-facade, futhi ine-march eyodwa nobabili ukuze ukhuphuke ngeplatifomu ebanzi kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Kuthuthukisa ikhanda lomnyango omkhulu. Kukhona izitebhisi ze-curvilinear noma ngejika, kuya ngesakhiwo sendawo, indawo yezindlela zensimu kanye nokwakheka kwendlu. Ukubekwa kwezitebhisi kanye nompheme kuyinto efiselekayo ukulinganisa "ngeminwe", kodwa kwimidwebo yokwakha, kuhlinzekelwe izinketho eziningi.

Isitebhisi singabanzi noma sincanyana, kepha kunoma yikuphi ukulingana kwemashi yezitebhisi (ubude bezinyathelo) akufanele kube ngaphansi kwamasentimitha ayi-110, nesinyathelo esingezansi) kungaba isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kungenzeka usebenzise imashi engaphansi yekhonkrikhi yangaphansi eqiniswe kakhonkolo (kusuka ezindlini nasezobunjiniyela bezokuxhumana) nobubanzi be-115cm noma nge-135 cm ngesithambeka sika-1: 2, i.e. Inhlanhla yi-150mm, nobubanzi be-300mm. Uma kunesidingo, imashi yesitebhisi inganwetshwa nge-brick masonry noma enye ikhompiyutha eyengeziwe. Ukuphakama kwezinyathelo zezitebhisi zangaphandle kungahluka kusuka ku-120 kuya ku-180mm, nobubanzi obungama-2480 kuya ku-350mm; Kodwa-ke, ukushukuma komzimba kwezinyathelo kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa. Ngakho-ke, akufanele kugcinwe ngokweqile kule ndawo, eyabelwe ephepheni kanye nesitebhisi esikhulu sokungena futhi kubenze bapholile kakhulu.

Ngokuphakama kwesisekelo, ngaphezulu kwe-500-600mm, indawo yokungena kanye nesitebhisi esiholela kuyo kufanele kuthango ngokuphakama kwe-900-1000mm. Esikhundleni sokugcoba esizeni, ungabeka ibhentshi noma amabhokisi ngezimbali. Izitebhisi zeCompass (ukunakwa!) Kufanele kube nomthambeka omncane wangaphandle (2-3-3mm ububanzi besiteji) ukuze amanzi asemakhoneni akhiwa futhi iqhwa alikhiwa. Ngokufakwa okungalungile, izinyathelo zokhuni zilayishwa ngokushesha.

Izitebhisi zikuhlekile ukuthi zenze ngezikhuphuke ezivaliwe, ukuze ukungcola kungawi ngaphansi kompheme, lapho kungasomi khona futhi kuba imbangela yokubola.

Izitebhisi ezakhayo zingenziwa ngokhuni, ukhonkolo (monolithic), ukhonkolo oqinisiwe (okusanhlamvu okwenziwe kabusha), izitini. Izinyathelo zingabekwa kuma-wetal noma ama-concresed boosters noma izindonga zezitini. Izakhiwo zensimbi zokufakwa kwangaphandle kufanele zivikelwe ngokuthembekile kusuka ekugculweni kopende wama-primer kanye nombala we-perchlorvinyl, i-zinc coating noma i-ratumen varnish.

Ama-Brigades abakhi abanolwazi bavame ukwazi ukuthi kufanele bakuqede ngokuphelele lezi kanye nezinye izinto zokwakheka zendlu. Kepha nansi indawo, amapharamitha, umdwebo we-inlet canopies, asekela, izitebhisi zidinga isisombululo sobuciko obucashile ngokwengeziwe ngephrojekthi yezakhiwo ezijwayelekile.

Izitebhisi zangaphandle eziholela egumbini elingaphansi zivame ukutholakala ku-facade kusuka emuva kwendlu. Kufanele babe nobubanzi obuncane okungenani abangama-600 mm nezinyathelo ezipholile kunazo zonke, ngokwesibonelo 200250mm.

Kuyadingeka ukunaka ngokukhethekile kusixazululo esisebenzayo nezezakhiwo nomhlangano wokungena kwendlu, ngoba izindleko ezincane ezengeziwe ezinezilinganiso zizokhokha kwinqubo yokuxhashazwa kwesikhathi eside.