Amapayipi e-polymer: ubukhulu, izinga lokushisa, izinhlobo ze-polypropylene, izinto zokulinganisa zokuthandwa.
I-Fineco ekhuphukayo ne-welding imishini 
Okuzwa yindoda lapho kubona ithangi lamanzi, ezansi kanye nezindonga zimbozwe nge-mucus esolisayo, ukukhula okugqwala kwemvelaphi engaziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubheka ithonsi la manzi ku-microscope futhi ukuthola ubukhona kuyo akunangqondo ngesisu sendoda flora kanye nezilwane. Cabanga, unikeza lolu ketshezi ukuze uphuze, ube nokubulala amagciwane: Ukungeza i-chlorine emanzini
Konke lokhu okungenhla kubhekisele ngokuphelele kwi-Steel Yesiko noma Ipayipi lamanzi ethusi, lapho kwakungesona esinye isizukulwane esibonile futhi kuyaqhubeka nokuphuza amanzi, kuvame ngisho nokubila. Ukuthi ngenxa yalokho, odokotela nabasebenzi bendawo yezinsizakalo zamasiko bayaziwa kahle.
Ngakho-ke, isimo sokuphelelwa yithemba? Yehlisa umoya, konke akukubi njengoba kungenzeka. Ekuqaleni, ishumi leminyaka lemakethe yaseRussia yokufaka amapayipi kanye nemishini yokufaka amapayipi kwafakwa izimpahla ezingakaze zibonwe nezinto zokwakha. Abakhi abanikezwe ubuchwepheshe obusha bokubeka amapayipi kusuka ku-polyethylene, fiberglass, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, kusuka Metal-Polymer. Viyul 1996. I-Colleil of the Ministry of Ukwakhiwa kweRussia Federation inqume "ukuhlola insimu yokusetshenziswa kwamapayipi avela ekwakhiweni kwezindlu, okuxhumeka izingxenye zokuqinisa i-polymeric izinto zokwakha. Okwamanje, imithetho eminingi isebenza eRussia, ichaza ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi we-polymer ezinhlelweni zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi. (I-Vault yeMithetho ye-SP-40-101, i-SNIP 2.04.01-85, SNIP 3.05.01-850-80, Ch 550-82, njll.).
Ububanzi bamapayipi, izingxenye ezixhumayo nezibunjiwe ezivela ezintweni ze-polymeric zibanzi kakhulu. Sizogxila enkingeni yamanzi abandayo futhi ashisayo, isisombululo esihle kakhulu salokho, ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi, ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi, izingxenye zokuxhuma, ukuvalwa okuhlanganisiwe okuvela ku-polyethylene, e-polybutene, i-polyvinyl chloride, i-polybutene kanye ezinye izinto ze-polymeric. Kakade unyaka wonke emhlabeni wonke, i-polypropylene ithokozela ukwethenjwa okuhle.
E-Russia, kunikezwa inqwaba yamafemu angaphandle nawasekhaya eRussia eRussia emkhakheni wokukhiqiza nokufakwa kwezinhlelo zobunjiniyela zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kusuka kuma-polymers. Ifuna ngenkuthalo ukuqinisa inkampani yaseJalimane i-AquaportmmbH, amapayipi alo avela ku-polypropylene eluhlaza kungatholakala kulo lonke elase-europe kanye nemikhiqizo exhumanisayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Fileco yase-Italy ebizwa ngokuthi i-Fileco yase-Italy. Isethi Yosizonke nokufakwa kwemishini yokufaka i-welding ahlinzeke inkampani yaseTurkish Tizayn Teknik, amapayipi awo polypropylene kanye nezingxenye zazo ezimpunga zingathengwa futhi zifakwe ngommeleli wenkampani eRussia "Indlu yaseRussia", konke okudingekayo ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi amanzi e-polypropylene sekumi ngomumo ukuhlinzeka amafemu amabili eMoscow: "I-TKKK- PLULIING" kanye "MONT".
Kodwa-ke, ubuholi emkhakheni wokufakwa kwamapayipi amanzi e-XXivek kusuka kumapayipi e-polypropylene "I-RAMA Copoler" (PPRC) eRussia ibanjwa ngokuqinile yizinkampani ezifuywayo NPO Stroypolymer kanye neGazunivel +, ezingagcini nje ngokufakwa kwamanzi Syncy Systems kanye nokuthengiswa kwezinto zokwakha kusuka ku-polypropylene, futhi uchithe ukufundisa okukhulu - umsebenzi we-watelical lapho kulungiswa abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe futhi bakhuthaze ubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa "kwepayipi" ngekhulu leminyaka ezayo.
I-Polypropylene igama elilodwa elijwayelekile leqembu lonke lama-polymers, ezinye zazo ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni. Ukuqhutshwa kwamapayipi nokuxhumeka kuvame ukusetshenziswa yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zePolypropylene:
- Thayipha 1 (PP-1) Kusetshenziswe ngokuyinhloko ukutholakala kwamanzi abandayo, njengamapayipi kanye ne-technological piplines.
- Thayipha 3 (PP-3) noma "Copolymer okungahleliwe", ukuhlanganiswa kwezentengiso kwe-PPRC. Amapayipi avela kuwo asetshenziswa womabili ngokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okubandayo nokushisayo ngokushisa kwamanzi angaphezulu kwama-70s.
- I-Horpolen 5216/34 Polypropylene, eyenziwe nge-hoechst, ebonisiwe njengoba Pp , Amapayipi avela kuwo amelana namazinga okushisa amade afinyelela ku-95c futhi angasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokushisa.
E-Russia, ePolypropylene PP-3 (PPRC) yathola ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kakhulu. Ibonakala ngokuqina okuphezulu kwezakhiwo, ikakhulukazi ukumelana nokuguquguquka nokuqhekeka ukwakheka kumazinga okushisa aphakeme. Lokhu okuqukethwe akushintshi izakhiwo zamakhemikhali nezamakhemikhali. Ingaphakathi le-PPRC lisusa ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane kanye nama-microorganisms fungal. Amapayipi e-polypropylene anelisa izidingo zesimanje eziqinile zemvelo.
I-Polypropylene Tube, ngokungafani ne-Metallic, ayihlanganisi imali ye-lime, hhayi engcoliswe ngaphansi kwethonya lemvelo yangaphandle, alikho ngaphansi kokugqwala futhi aliphikisiwe ama-acid futhi lingagxili kumanzi okuphuza. Lapho amanzi eqhwa, ipayipi le-PPRCPPROPYLEne Pipeline alibhujiswa. Izinto ezingezona ezingezona-electro-ziyaqhutshwa, futhi kusho okungaphansi kwesenzo sokubhubhisa semfucumfucu ezulazulayo futhi sithuthukisiwe.
Ukungcola lapho ufaka noma amapayipi we-polypropylene angenakona nakancane. Ijubane lale misebenzi ngokuqhathanisa namapayipi ensimbi liphakeme izikhathi ezi-2-4. Kepha inzuzo eyinhloko yamapayipi anjalo iphansi: cishe i-30% eshibhile kunensimbi ye-galvanized yobubanzi obulinganayo. IETO ngaphandle kokubheka izindleko ezisebenzayo!
Impilo eqinisekisiwe ye-PPRC yamapayipi e-PPRC ezinhlakeni zamanzi abandayo ineminyaka okungenani engama-50, ezinhlelweni zamanzi ashisayo (ekushiseni kwamazinga angaphezu kwama-70s) - okungenani iminyaka engama-25.
Ngamunye wethu uyazi ukuthi yikuphi ukufakwa noma ukufakwa kohlelo lwethepha kusuka kumapayipi ensimbi. Lokhu kungumsebenzi onama-cylinder esindayo futhi angaphephile, ukugibela izindonga kanye nokubheja, lapho kuqalwa khona ipayipi lensimbi eningizimuxi, akukho lutho lapho i-welding kanye ne-welding ingenakuvuza ngenxa yeziphene zokuxhuma. Isibonelo, ukufakwa kwepayipi elisha lamanzi elivela ensimbi yepayipi elibunjiwe kumandla amabutho asakhile asakhiwe kabusha ngabasebenzi abane abathathe isonto. Elinye isonto lahamba lalungisa izindonga eziphukile nokugqagqana.
Manje ake ucabange isithombe esinjalo. Usuku lwebhasi emphemeni wendlu eyakhiwa elokwakhiwa "zhiguli" ngesitaki esiqinile samapayipi amhlophe eqhwa ahehwa esiqwini esingaphezulu. Ukupakishwa kwepulasitiki ngezingxenye zokuxhuma, ukukhiya ukuqiniswa, i-fastener kanye necala ngethuluzi likhishwe esiqwini. Abafuyi ababili-abafaki bezingubo zokugqoka ezikhanyayo zisebenzisa umthwalo ongelona ongenasisindo egumbini. Isiketi esikhethekile samapayipi sinqunywa sibe izingcezu zobude obufunayo. Ngemuva kwesigamu sehora, ngokusho kwephrojekthi, baqala ukuqala ezindaweni zezinhlanganisela zesikhathi esizayo ezimbozweni zezobuchwepheshe ezenziwe kuqala izimbobo ezisebenzayo ezindongeni.
Ngemuva kwehora, konke sekumi ngomumo ngokuxhumana kwe-welding ye-Thermal (i-welding by fusion) amapayipi. Amaviki amasonto onke avela kwipayipi eliyinhloko ezitezi kufanele ahoxe emathoyilethi, igumbi lokugezela, ekhishini, egalaji. Ngemuva kokuphumula kwehora lesigamu, abasebenzi basusa ama-appratus akhethekile kagesi kuleli cala, okukuvumela ukuthi ushise indawo yezingxenye ezixhunyiwe ze-polypropylene kuya ekushiseni kwe-260c. Amakhanda amabili angena esikhundleni se-welding anemikhono kanye nemikhono ngosayizi wezingxenye ezinama-welded akhangwa kudivayisi yokushisa.
Izindawo ezixhunyiwe zihlehla nge-tampon, eziswakanyiswe ngotshwala. Okulandelayo, ipayipi lifakwa esikhwameni, futhi i-tee inamathele edolini le-welding ikhanda, lapho zifudumeza imizuzwana embalwa (isikhathi sesikhathi sincike kububanzi bemikhiqizo yemikhiqizo namabanga ukusuka ku-5 kuya kumasekhondi angama-40), ngemuva kwalokho ipayipi lifakwe kwi-tee kuya ekujuleni okumakwe nge-axis yepensela yangaphambi kwepensela. Oxhumana naye we-thermal uthatha uhhafu umzuzu (ngepayipi elincanyana, isikhathi sesikhathi sisefushane), ngenxa yalokho, imikhiqizo ifakwa ezingeni lamangqamuzana efomu elilodwa le-monolithic. Ukusebenza okufanayo kwenziwa ukuxhuma noma iyiphi enye ingxenye nalapho kunciphisa ipayipi elilandelayo.
I-Welding ithatha cishe amahora amabili. Ama-fasteners wokwakha adinga isikhathi esithe xaxa. Ukungena komsebenzi kwenzeka isidingo sokuxhuma i-polypropylene riser kwipayipi lensimbi lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi asemqoka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-Carving igawulwa ngepayipi lensimbi futhi uxhumano lwepayipi lusikwa kusetshenziswa i-adaptha ekhethekile ehlanganisiwe (i-polypropylene yensimbi), i-valve evaliwe yebhola noma okunye ukufakwa kufakiwe ngendlela efanayo.
Ekupheleni kosuku lokusebenza, amanzi anikezwa e-riser. Umnikazi kanye nenduna yedlula indlu: hhayi ukuvuza okukodwa! Ngokusho kwenkontileka, umsebenzi uthathwa njengokwenziwa. Ukuxhumana konyaka, inkampani ibingaphansi kwensizakalo yamaranti yamahhala yohlelo olusungulwe ochwepheshe bayo.
Esilinganisweni esithandwayo ngemuva kwamapayipi e-polypropylene, i-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ne-chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) iyalandelwa. Iphayona emkhakheni wokwakha amasistimu wokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi nokushisa kulezi zinto zokwakha i-american ukukhathazeka kwe-NIBCO, imikhiqizo yayo nayo ithola ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezindlu eRussia. Izinhlelo ezibizwa nge-Flowguard kanye ne-FlowGuardGoldGold zivivinywa ngempumelelo e-US iminyaka engama-30. Ngokwezinkomba zayo ze-PVC kanye ne-CPVC, ngokuvamile zifana ne-PPRC-3 ne-horlolen 5216/34 polypropylene (PPH). Amapayipi we-Onno PVC ahlukile kwezinye izindawo eziphakeme: Ukushisa kwe-Ungletion kwe-polyvinyl chloride ye-chlorvinyl chloride kudlula i-433c, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi kulolu bhalisi ku-Mountary Fire Deciting Systems. Ama-Polyvinyl Chloride Heating System avumelekile ukusebenzisa ama-35% wesisombululo se-toosol. Ekugcineni, bayamelana nemiphumela emishini kune-polypropylene. Izindleko zamapayipi we-polyvinyl chloride aphansi kunensimbi.
Amapayipi e-fiberglass aseba umncintiswano onzima wamapayipi ensimbi. Bamelana nengcindezi enkulu (efika kwabayi-100) ingcindezi, engamelana nokushisa futhi imelana namanzi ashisayo. Banamandla okuzibuyisela, ezimeni ezithile bangafakwa kukhonkolo. Izindleko zamapayipi e-fiberglass zingaphezulu kwensimbi, kepha impilo yabo yenkonzo izikhathi ezi-3-5.
Muva nje, amapayipi avela e-polyethylene (crossling polyethylene) ekhiqizwa yi-wirsbo yeSweden nenkampani yaseJalimane ivele emakethe yaseRussia. Ibonakala ngokuguquguquka (amapayipi angagoba noma iyiphi i-angle), ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukumelana ne-antimony, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokufudumeza zasendaweni esikhundleni samanzi. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kohlelo lweSweden- lup to95s (Imodi Engakhokhiswa ku-110 ° C), ingcindezi yokusebenza ifinyelela ku-10thmmoshees (kufika ku -15atmoshesespress kanye nemodi yesikhashana). Ukufakwa kwenziwa yithuluzi lesandla ngaphandle kwe-gluing, ukufudumeza kanye nokuthengisa, okulula kakhulu enkundleni. I-stitchedylene ene-stitched inenkumbulo yamangqamuzana: ukufakwa kwepayipi "ekuzihloleni" ekuzithobeni okuvela kuthusi, kwakha i-compound, amandla, ngaphansi kwesiqinisekiso se-Pipe uqobo. Izindleko zamapayipi ezivela e-polyethylene ziphakeme kune-metal galvanized, kepha impilo yenkonzo ku-3 inkulu.
I-Reisin ekhuphuka iRehau- izinhlelo zisebenzisa ibhokisi le-ergonomic ngokufakwa okuhlanganisiwe kokufudumeza kanye namanethiwekhi kagesi. Kulokhu, ibhokisi le-wiring kagesi lebhokisi lihlala lihlala liyi-hermetic, izinga lokushisa kulo alidluli ama-30s.
Kumanzi abandayo futhi ashisayo nezinhlelo zokufudumeza, amapayipi enziwe ngePolybutene kanye ne-livinylidene fluoride ekhiqizwa yiSwitzerland Company Georg Fisher's Fisher ingasetshenziswa. Zihlukaniswe nge-High (kuze kube yi-To135c) lokushisa kanye nokumelana kwamakhemikhali, okuthi ukumelana kusengaphambili ukusetshenziswa kokugcina kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamapayipi ezobuchwepheshe, kanye nezinhlelo zokushisa ezinama-parameters wokushisa akhuphukayo. Amapayipi anjalo, noma kunjalo, abiza kakhulu kunakho konke okungenhla. Inqubo yekhompiyutha yabo idinga ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile.
Ngokuvela kobuchwepheshe obusha, isiko laleli puli, obekungokoqobo ngokwesiko okuhambisana nokwazi kwezakhamizi ezine-plunk plumber kuchwepheshe ongcolile. Namuhla, bathathelwa indawo abantu abahlakaniphile, ngokushesha nangobuqotho benza umsebenzi wabo ngokuqinile emazingeni enkampani.
Abahleli babonga uMqondisi we-NGO Training Center "Stroypolimer" V.S. Mareyko kanye nochwepheshe be-DEMEN LLP yokubonisana kanye nokusebenza kwe-welding esikhungweni kanye nokulungiselela i-athikili.