Izinto zokufakwa kokufakwa okushisayo: Izinzuzo nobubi bezinto zokwakha ezahlukahlukene, inkambu yesicelo, izinga lokuvuselelwa okushisayo.
Muva nje, amadokhumenti amasha alawulayo ekusindisweni kokushisa futhi ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwezindlu kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi zinwetshwa ngumgomo wokukhokhwa okungenamkhawulo kwamandla akhona. Kungakho ukufakwa kwezakhiwo okushisayo kwezakhiwo zokuhlala kuba ngenye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu zokwakha.
Izinto zokufakwa kwe-thermal zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningi amakhulu:
Ingilazi kanye ne-fiberglass;
Uboya bezimbiwa;
Ama-polymers agcwaliswe igesi
Ukufakwa okushisayo okuvela ezintweni zemvelo nemikhiqizo yokusebenza kwazo (i-traffic jam, amabhlogo we-peat, iphepha, njll.);
Amaphaneli we-thermal wokufakelwa kanye nezinhlaka;
Ukhonkolo oguquliwe: ukhonkolo weselula (ukhonkolo we-foam), i-polystyrere bauton;
Ukuvikelwa kokushisa kususelwa kurabha yokwenziwa;
Ukushisa kokushisa kusuka ekukhiqizweni kokukhiqizwa kweSilicon.
Cishe ama-240mln asetshenziselwa ukufudumeza ezweni lethu. I-Ton yamafutha anemibandela. Lokhu kungu-20% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezwe lonke
Okokuqala, inani elisebenza kahle lingelaka Izinto zoboya bezingilazi nezimbiwamayini Isabelo sawo ekukhiqizweni kokufakwa kwe-thermal eminyakeni yamuva kungama-40-60%. Izinzuzo zabo ziyi-fireproof, ukumelana kwamakhemikhali, ukuqina kosayizi, ukumunca umswakama okuphansi kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle ezithinta umsindo. Sekuyisikhathi eside eyaziwa ukuthi igingane eligelezelwe ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya, naphezu kwawo wonke amaphutha alo, liyashesha, liphazamisa umsebenzi, lisasebenza engxenyeni yezezimali engaphandle noma ukufakwa kwezindawo zokungahlali. Ncoma i-glasswater ukuze ukufakwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kwendawo yokuhlala akunakwenzeka, kepha uma sekuvele kwenziwa, kufanele ihlukanise ngokuphelele kusuka egumbini uqobo.
Ububanzi bezinto eziphambili zokufakwa kwe-thermal
| Uhlobo lwezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokufaka | Izindonga | Uphahla | Indawo yaphansi endlini | Usilingi | Isisekelo, cocoln. indawo yaphansi endlini | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukhamulisa | -Ngaphandle | -Ngaphakathi | Masonry (ungqimba oluphakathi) | Amaphaneli amathathu | |||||
| I-fiberglass ne-backeglass ursa, i-I-IVOON | +. | +. | +. | +. | - | +. | +. | +. | - |
| Amamineralovate | +. | +. | +. | +. | - | +. | +. | +. | - |
| I-Prestimal yanwebeka polystyrere PSB | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | - | |
| I-Extrusion Polystyrene Foam | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. | +. |
| Foil polyethylene foam | +. | +. | +. | - | - | +. | +. | +. | +. |
| Corkboard Corkboard | +. | +. | +. | - | - | - | +. | - | - |
| Iphepha le-equath makron. | +. | +. | +. | - | +. | +. | +. | - | |
| Amabhulokhi wamahhala we-Peat-Free "GeoCar" | +. | +. | +. | +. | - | - | +. | +. | - |
| Cheat foam ukhonkolo | +. | +. | +. | - | - | - | +. | +. | - |
| Polystyrevbeton nizb | +. | +. | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Kususelwa kurabha yokwenziwa (*) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Kusuka ekukhiqizweni kokukhiqizwa kwe-silicon | +. | +. | +. | - | - | +. | +. | +. | +. |
* - Anthetic Rubber-based thermal insulation (Armaflexht ne-AC) Kusebenza kuphela kumapayipi
Manje ukufakwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu kumelwe kumakethe yaseRussia. Izinto zokwakha ezivela kwi-fiberglass Abakhiqizi abaningana nabasekhaya. Lezi zinto zokwenziwa zibiza kakhulu, kepha zilula kakhulu futhi zilula kakhulu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, kuphephile ukusebenza. Dlulisela ulayini udinga ukusho abakhiqizi ababili abakhulu kakhulu bezinto zokufaka okushisayo. I-Sovey (Finland) iyisixhasi sabakhiqizi bengilazi enkulu kunazo zonke nabadala emhlabeni othinta i-Saint- Gobain (France). Isoveroy ikhiqiza i-Glass Gamble C1941G. futhi ungumkhiqizi omkhulu kakhulu wokwakha ukushisa okufudumalayo eFinland (ukuhweba ngoMashi Kuphelile ) ne-acoustic ( I-Akusto. ) Izinto zokwakha. Ukukhiqizwa kwaminyaka yonke kwamageyimu ezingilazi kudlula amathani angama-40000. Le nkampani ingenye yabahlinzeki abakhulu kunabo bonke bezinto zokufakwa kwezinto zokufaka okushisayo eRussia.
Ukwenziwa kwe-fiberglass kwenzeka cishe ama-1500s. Ingilazi ebilisiwe icindezelwa ngamapuleti nge izimbobo ezinobubanzi bama-microns. I-Fibers yengilazi ephumela iba nobukhulu be-6micron, okuyi-B20 ingaphansi kobukhulu bezinwele zomuntu. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuze uzihlanze phakathi kwawo, amabhayisi akhethekile afafazwa e-Aerosol. Isisindo sengilazi esiphumela, imikhiqizo yobukhulu obufunayo nobukhulu obufikile ekuvuthweni kokushisa bubunjiwe. Ekushiseni kwama-250 ° C, i-polymerization of beinders kwenzeka, futhi lokho okuqukethwe kuthola ubunzima obudingekayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinto ezahlukahlukene ezibhekene nazo zingafakwa ebusweni bezinto ezibonakalayo: Iphepha le-Kraft, i-Aluminium Foil, i-fiberglass, izinto ezingezona ezikhona, njll.
Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zasekhaya ze-fiberglass thermal thermal zikhiqizwa ngendlela yama-rolls (101.6 m no-50mm obukhulu) ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo "Termavozol" (Chant. = 0.036 w / (mk).
Muva nje, umncintiswano omkhulu kunawo wonke yi- "Stone", futhi ngokunembile izinto ezijwayelekile ezifaka izinto ezijwayelekile. Isibhanoyi, wats rockwool. (Denmark) ne-paroc ye-Prenek (Finland). Lokhu kungokwemvelo okungandi imvelo kwemvelo ngezakhiwo eziphindayo zamanzi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye umphunga. Ezakhiweni zayo zokufaka ukushisa, izinto ze-basalt ziphakeme kakhulu ngokugembula engilazi, noma kunjalo, zibiza kakhulu. Lezi zinto zibhekisela eqenjini lezinto ezingandizeki. Imikhiqizo yokufakwa okushisayo okwenziwe ngama-polymers noma iphepha emlilweni lishiswa imizuzu emi-5. Ama-Heater enziwe nge-grooves yengilazi emazingeni okushisa angama-650c, atholakala cishe imizuzu engu-7 ngomlilo ojwayelekile wangaphakathi, ancibilike futhi afakwe ebholeni lengilazi. Manje, uvololi wamaminerali ku-Basalt BASAST AKUFUNI futhi AKUFANELE WADHWA NGOKUGCINA KAKHULU KA-1000C.
Izinto zokwenziwa zeglasi kanye ne-basalt eziphephile ziphephile ukukhiqizwa futhi zisebenzise ngokuya ngobuchwepheshe obunconyiwe bomsebenzi
I-Rockool Tractict ngumholi womhlaba ekwakhiweni kokwakhiwa kobuchwepheshe obususelwa ku- "Itshe".
Enye yezinhlobo eziphumelela kakhulu zokufakwa kwe-thermal - ama-polymers agcwaliswe igesi. Okuvame kakhulu futhi okusetshenziswe kabanzi kubo Polyfoam (Polystyrere Foam) . Ukuphikiswa okuncishisiwe nokuvutha kwama-foams akusona isithiyo lapho sisebenzisa izakhiwo ezibunjiwe kanye nokhonkolo noma ngezitini.
I-PolyStyrere Foam yenziwa ngendlela yokuzibulala (yendabuko yaseRussia), noma indlela yokukhishwa kwe-Extresion yathuthukiswa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 edlule (Germany).
I-coefficient yokuphakela okushisayo, okuyinkomba eyinhloko yezakhiwo zokufakwa okushisayo kwezinto ezibonakalayo, kuncike kakhulu kokuqukethwe komswakama kuyo, iphesenti ngalinye elinciphisa lokhu kuncipha ngo-4%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebusika, ekhona ku-Mangime POLYSTRENERERELE POAM amapuleti, iqhwa futhi iguqulwe eqhweni, kancane kancane ihlukanise impahla kuma-granule ngazinye, anciphisa kakhulu ukuqina kwe-polystrene ebonakalayo.
Amapharamitha obuchwepheshe wezinto ezithile zokushisa ukushisa
| Uhlobo lokufakelwa | I-coefficient of thermal arractivity, w / (mk) |
|---|---|
| I-Facade Panel Polyalpan. | 0.02. |
| Umoya | 0,022 |
| I-Polyurene Folider | 0,025 |
| Styrisol (wanwebeka polystyrere) | 0,027 |
| I-Low-E (Fenofolgic heater) | 0,027 |
| Raroc (basalt wool) | 0.035 |
| Rockwool (basalt wool) | 0.035 |
| I-Polyeneetylene PPE-R 3010 | 0.035 |
| I-Rolls Linotem | 0.036 |
| I-ISOVER (ifulegi) | 0.038. |
| Nobasil (basalt wool) | 0.039 |
| "I-Penosole" (Foam) | 0.04. |
| Corkboard Corkboard | 0.042. |
| I-URSA (Isikhukhula) | 0.044. |
| I-Equata (iphepha) makron | 0,046. |
| I-Delwall (ukufakwa kwe-cork) | 0.047. |
| Imbande | 0.07 |
| Amabhulokhi wamahhala we-Peat-Free "GeoCar" | 0.07 |
| I-Bituminius Asphalt | 0.1. |
| Shisisa ukhonkolo weselula | 0.12. |
| Izinkuni eziqinile | 0.25. |
| Isihlabathi esomile | 0,3. |
| Ukhonkolo we-neasavoclave Foam | 0.45 |
| Isihlungi | I-0.55 |
| Izitini ezihlekisayo | I-0,7 |
Lokhu kushiyeka kwenziwa I-Extrusion Polystyrene Foam . Ukuthola ukumuncwa kwamanzi okuphansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-Ire0.3%) ngenxa yesakhiwo esivaliwe samaseli namandla aphezulu emishini, amaphaneli e-Polystyrererere yangaphandle angasetshenziselwa ukufakwa kokushisa kwangaphandle, ukufakwa okushisayo kwezitho ezingaphansi komhlaba zezakhiwo, izisekelo, Izindonga ezingaphansi komhlaba, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamanye ama-infavola amaningi kungenzeki ekuphakamisweni kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Emakethe yaseRussia, ukukhishwa kwe-polystyrene kwamelwa ukukhathazeka kwe-BASF (Germany) ngaphansi komkhiqizo weTrovur (Kompl. = 0.027-0.033 W / (MK).
Kepha impahla ye-polymer yokufakelwa kwe-polymer ayikhawulwanga kwi-polystyrene fiber. Sekuyisikhathi eside izinto ezaziwayo, ezikuvumela ukuthi uxazulule ngasikhathi sinye izinkinga ze-thermo-, umsindo kanye nokungena kwamanzi. yona I-PolyethLene Foam (PPE) . It ikhiqizwa eRussia iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 (TU 6-55-26-89E) kanye nohlaka lwabakhi ngaphansi brand of PPE-P no PPT-RL kanye "hairpiece". Uhla olubanzi likuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ngqo lokho okudingekayo. I-PPE ikhiqiza ubukhulu obuhlukahlukene: kusuka kumashidi amancanyana kuya phansi phansi (kusuka ku-12 kuye ku-15 mm) futhi kuhlinzekwe kuma-roll nge-roll ububanzi obusuka ku-20.5 kuya ku-1.5. Lokhu okuphephile kuphephile impela empilweni futhi, ngokubalulekile, ama-racks we-biological. Njengoba i-PPE inesakhiwo esivaliwe, ingenawo umswakama futhi lapho uyisebenzisa, ungqimba owengeziwe wokufakelwa kwe-vapor akudingekile. Emakethe yaseRussia manje kunemikhiqizo efanayo yamafemu angaphandle, noma kunjalo, kubiza kakhulu.
Isithunzi esibalulekile yindlela elula yokufakwa kwezinto ezishisayo ezinje: Kunamathiselwe ezindongeni usebenzisa i-stapler yokwakha. Njengokubi, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu kufakelwa kungumonga ngokuphelele kanye nokufundwa kwegesi, i.e. Igumbi liyaphela "ukuphefumula" futhi, uma kungelona umoya, ungahlangana nomphumela we-thermos noma abamba ukushisa.
Izinto zokufaka ukushisa ezifaka ngokushisa ezinokwethenjwa kwe-thermal kwe-coefficing ezingaphansi kuka-0.06 w / (mk) zikhokhele eminyakeni engu-5-7 yokusebenza ngenxa yokonga amandla.
Elinye iqembu elihehayo Ukufakwa okushisayo okwenziwe ngezinto zemvelo nemikhiqizo yokusebenza kwazo . Izinto ezengeziwe zokufakwa kokufakwa okwenziwe ekungcoleni iphepha nge-sawdust, i-perlite namanye ama-beinders nabaphangi. Kufakwe izinto zokunciphisa ukumunca umswakama, ama-antipirens ukunikeza okuqukethwe okungapheli kanye nama-antiseptics, izinto zokwakha zinokushisa okuhle okufaka izikhala (iBanga = 0.078 w / (mk) futhi zingasetshenziswa ukukhipha izindonga zangaphandle nezingaphakathi ezweni, uphahla. Izinto zokwakha zikhishwa njenge-eco-amanzi noma uhlobo lwamaphaneli.
Indwangu yasekuqaleni yokufakelwa kwe-Thermal yakhelwe edolobheni laseKhezhetsky Tver Region. Amabhulokhi wamahhala we-Peat-Free "GeoCar" . Etholakala odongeni lwangaphandle, amabhlokhi (0.510,250,88m) ayakwazi ukubekezelela umthwalo wamathani we-8-12 e-US2, kanye nezakhiwo zokufakwa okushisayo kodonga lwendwangu enjalo enobukhulu be-0.5m. Ngobukhulu bama-2.2 m (graft. = 0.078 w / (mk). Futhi isithunzi esingenamibandela salokhu okubonakalayo kuwubumsulwa bawo bemvelo.
I-insulator entsha yokushisa entsha Amapuleti kanye nama-roll kusuka ku-cork ecindezelwe . Okuqukethwe kwenziwa ngesendlalelo sangaphandle se-cortex yeMedithera Cork Oak. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngeshubhu ekhishwe yi-extred inokubukeka okukhangayo, inobungani bemvelo futhi isetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwangaphakathi kwezakhiwo zokuhlala, ikakhulukazi izindonga, ngenkathi kwenza umsebenzi wokuhlobisa. I-Cork ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwezinsizi. Izihlangu ze-CorkBoard Thermal Insulational Izihlangu zingasetjenziswa ekufakweni kwama-facade kanye nezindonga ezingaphandle.
Kudingeka usho u-O. Izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokushisa zokufudumeza ukushisa , njenge "ndlu efudumele", "FASSOLITE", ispoterm Wall, mayelana nokufaka ama-sandwich se-sandwich (polyalpan, isoterm, i-PFlaum, njll.) Futhi ezinhlelweni zefomu elisatshiswayo ("Isode 2000" kanye ne "Thermomour" ).
Ngakho-ke, njengoba sesiqale ukufakwa kwekhaya lakho, unethuba elihle lokukhetha nokusebenzisa lezo zinto zokushisa ezilungele ukushisa kangcono ukuxazulula izinkinga ezibhekene nawe.
Amapharamitha obuchwepheshe wenye ingilazi kanye nokufakwa koboya bezimbiwa kwamaminerali
| Umakhi Oqinile | Into uqobo lwayo | Brand / View | I-coefficient of thermal arractivity, w / (mk) | Intengo, $ / M2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Isover (Finland) | Ingilazi zengilazi | Kt-11 / roll | 0.041-0.036 | Kusuka 2. |
| CT / roll | 0.041-0.036 | |||
| Kl / Isitofu | 0.041-0.033 | |||
| Kl-a / ipuleti | 0.041-0.033 | |||
| I-URSA (Russia-Germany) | Ingilazi zengilazi | I-M-11; I-M-15; | Kusuka ku-3. | |
| M-17 / Roll | 0.046-0.044 | |||
| I-P-15; I-P-17 / Plate | 0.046-0.044 | |||
| Paroc (Finland) | Basalt wat. | Il / isitofu | 0,0365 | Kusuka ngo-6. |
| A-Il / Plate | 0,0335 | |||
| Im / roll | 0,0365 | |||
| Rockwool (denmark) | Basalt wat. | I-Flexix Batts / Plate | 0.035 | Kusuka ku-5. |
| Battles-42, -40, -48 / Plate | 0.035-0.033 | |||
| -80; -100; -160 / Isitofu | 0.035-0.033 | |||
| Ama-rollbats / roll | 0.036 |