Ukumiswa nophahla okumisiwe nokunamathela: abaza, abazenzile, babiza malini, izinzuzo zabo kanye nobunzima babo.
Enye imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu enquma ukubonakala kwanoma yiziphi izakhiwo ngophahla. Umhlobiso wekhwalithi ephezulu ephezulu unikeza amakamelo induduzo eyengeziwe kanye nobuhle. Ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo kophahla lwe-Couiling Coating (hhayi okumhlophe) kukuvumela ukuthi ulondoloze kakhulu ngogesi osetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa. Kuleli lizwe lethu, izinhlobo ezintathu zophahla zisendabuko ngokwesiko, lezi zinsundu ezimhlophe, ukupenda kanye nophahla lophahla lophahla. Yonke le misebenzi idinga ukuqondanisa kokuqala nokulungiswa komhlaba ngokuphelele. Ekuseni, lezo zindlela ezinjalo zokunquma ziya ngokuya zithathelwa indawo ngezinketho ezahlukahlukene zezinto zesimanje zokuqeda, ezingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu ophahlaya: imisiwe futhi anamathelayo.
Uphahla olunamathela
Ngokuseduze kwezindlela zendabuko zophahla lwe-trimming zingamaphayi weglue. Zidinga futhi izinga lokuqalisa ngaphezulu komhlaba, kepha ngezinga elincane kakhulu. Uphahla olunamathela aluhlaza noma amaphaneli anxande enziwe nge-polystyrene ekhishwe ngaphezulu noma, njengoba ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi i-STRO. Ingaphambili lalawa mapuleti lingambozwa ngefilimu elidwetshwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla, umsebenzi, iparele noma itshe. Ngaphezulu kwamathayili wesikwele, impumuzo idalwe ngokulingisa i-stucco noma intambo yezinkuni. Ibandakanya indawo yamathayela kanxantathu, njengomthetho, bushelelezi, ngokubhekisisa ngokuzungeza imiphetho. Usayizi we-tile ophahleni olujwayelekile kakhulu ngu-5050cm. I-tile to ophahleni imane igcotshwe, kuyilapho ungasebenzisa zombili izinamathiseli ezikhethekile ne-polyvinyl acetate (PVA) noma izipikili eziwuketshezi. Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kuyinto elula kakhulu ekusebenzeni, ngoba empeleni kuyinhloso, kunqunywa kalula ngummese wangemuva kwesithombe, futhi isinamathelisi asidingi noma yimaphi amadivayisi akhethekile namakhono futhi angenziwa kalula ngokuzimela. Izilinganiso eziku-Sticker Styrene Slabs zinconyelwe ukuba zihlanzwe ngaphambili futhi zivuselele phezulu ophahleni nge-PVA glue, zihlanjululwe ngamanzi. Yize lokhu kusezimweni eziningi ngokuzithandela. Amathayili anganamathiselwa ngqo kwi-blotch endala uma ususa izindawo ezivinjelwe ngaphambi komsebenzi. Uma kutholakale ngokungazelelwe ukuthi uphahla kungalingani futhi amathayili ahlatshwanga kahle, khona-ke ngesikhathi sokomisa i-glue, sebenzisa izikhonkwane ezijwayelekile zokuhambisa ama-taaling ngokulungiswa kwazo. Ukunikeza ophahleni olunciphile, ukubukeka okuqediwe nokuvala ama-slots phakathi kwamathayili acwebezelayo nodonga Sebenzisa ama-plinths akhethekile ophahla.Izindlela zokuqeda amathayili ophahla kukhona eziningana futhi zikhetha enye yazo, okokuqala, kuncike esifisweni nasekutholeni umnikazi wefulethi, kanye nasezicini zegumbi.
Njengendlela ejwayelekile, izitika zamathayili ophahla zingalethwa ngokulandelayo. Chitha isisekelo phakathi kophahla bese uthola isikhungo sejometri segumbi, okwanele ukuchitha ama-diagonals amabili avela ekhoneni egumbini elingangena egumbini elingena egumbini elingangena egumbini elingena egumbini elingena egumbini lekamelo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungaqala ngokuqondile tile tile. Amathayili amabili okuqala ashukunyiswa ukuze asondele komunye nomunye, kanye ne-midline, ehlobene nephuzu eliphakathi nendawo. Amathayili asele agcotshwa yilowo owedlule, uzama ukugwema isihlobo sabo sokulungisa komunye nomunye. Lapho ufika odongeni, kungahle kudingeke ukunquma tile. Le nketho akuyona eyomnotho kakhulu, njengoba ukunqunywa kwamathayili, njengomthetho, kuyadingeka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezine zekamelo, kepha ngenxa yalokho, wonke amathayili azoqina kahle futhi ngokulinganayo. Umuntu okulula kungaba yisinameka samathayili ophahla oluvela ekhoneni legumbi eliya esikhungweni, kuzothatha amathayili amaningi azosika. Kepha kunengozi yokuthola ukuthi izindonga eziphambene zegumbi azifani. Kulokhu, ama-tile azoqala ukusakazeka kancane, akha iphethini engalungile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuzoba nesidingo sokuncipha okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Izindleko zemitha yesikwele yophahla ophahleni olungewona ama-aluminizeli avumelanayo ezinhlamvu ezisukela ku-1.5 kuya ku-3,5 izibeletho ze-United States, kanye nama-lamonated- 4-8.5 US Dollars. Ukukhetha izinto zokuqeda, bheka isitoko esithile, cishe i-15%. Ngokuqinisekile uzodinga lapho uqala ukunciphisa amathayili futhi uma abanye babo bephuka kule nqubo (lokhu kungenzeka lapho amathayili ehlwanyelwa). Imitha yesikhashana yophahla lwe-Printh Izindleko kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-1.5dollar USA. Intengo yokunamathela okufakwe uphawu kophahla ophahleni lwe-styling yi-0.5-1.0 dollar ngekhilogremu ngekhilogremu ngekhilogremu, yize evumelana kahle nezitika zazo, zombili izipikili eziwuketshezi kanye ne-PVA glue.
Futhi ekuphetheni ngokunakekelwa kophahla olunje. Amathayili ophahla we-lamiated angagezwa, futhi angenziwanga lutho - hlikihla ngendwangu eyomile noma ukuvalwa.
Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi i-polystyrene ayithandi ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo. Lapho kuvezwa ngemisebe ye-ultraviolet, ijika iphuzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ophahleni olwehlisiwe
Uphahla olumisiwe lufaka amaqembu ambalwa ahlukile ngokubukeka nangokwakheka. Kuyasihlanganisa ukuthi bamiswa ngempela ebangeni elithile kusuka ophahleni oluyinhloko futhi ngaleyo ndlela kukuvumela ukuba ufihle iziphambeko zalo nokungahambi kahle, futhi, uma kunesidingo, ukufihla phansi kophahla. Ngasikhathi sinye, izingqinamba ze-thermo- kanye nokufakwa okuzwakalayo kwegumbi zingaxazululwa.
Yelula ophahleni. Ububanzi besicelo sabo bucishe bube nomkhawulo: kusuka emafulethini nasemahhovisi kuya emahhotela, amachibi namahholo ekhonsathi. Uhla olubanzi kakhulu lwemibala kanye nokwenziwa (isibuko, i-matte, i-metallised kanye ne-translucent), amandla okudala izinhlaka zobunzima, izinqwaba zenza ophahleni lwezinhlanzi ezilula kakhulu ngezixazululo zokuqamba okuhle kakhulu. Uphahla lwenziwe nge-viny-duty vinyl polymers ngqo kumabhizinisi ngokuya ngamamitha amelwe enziwe ngaphambili egumbini ngalinye eliqinisekisiwe lokusebenza kwalolu hlobo lomsebenzi owenziwayo uphahla. Izinto zokwenziwa kwakhiwa, zihambisana nezidingo zamazwe omhlaba zokuphepha ngomlilo kanye ne-ecology futhi azikhiphi izinto ezinobuthi.
Izinzuzo zophahla lwe-stture kufanele zifake ukufakwa kwazo ngokushesha nezikhathi ezinde zewaranti (iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10) enikezwe abakhiqizi. Intengo yophahla lwe-stture iphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zophahla olumisiwe. Isibonelo, izindleko zophahla lweluliwe ngokufakwa kwama-plafonds tendus (France), kuya ngohlobo lwezinto ezibonakalayo (matte, satin, zicwebezelayo, i-95dollars kuya ku-95dollars nge-1m2. Lokhu, yiqiniso, kuyabiza impela, kepha uphahla olubiyo luhle kakhulu. Udinga futhi ukusho i-Telion's Tension Couilings Barrisol eTombi (France).
Uhlobo olulandelayo ophahleni omisiwe Rush uphahla . Alula, ahlala isikhathi eside, enobungane, awesabi umswakama, awesabi, ahlukile ngombala kanye nokumelana nesithwathwa, ngakho-ke angasetshenziswa emakamelweni angasho lutho ngesikhathi sokubanda. Into esemqoka yophahla iyipuleti elincanyana le-aluminium elinobukhulu obungu-0,5 mm, embozwe izingqimba ezimbili zokusoma okushisayo kwe-varnish. Lezi uphaphu zinezinhlobonhlobo zezixazululo zombala kanye nokuqedwa kwangaphandle. Bamhlophe, ngaphansi kwe-chrome, ngaphansi kwesilivere, ngaphansi kwegolide, okugcwele noma cha, matte noma ama-matte. Ukwenza ukubukeka okuhlukahlukene kophahla, ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukugoqa uDeveli-mncane kufakwe ama-slats ahlobisa ama-slats afakwe phakathi kwamaphaneli amakhulu, kanye namalambu ahlukahlukene. Amaphaneli, njengomthetho, anobubanzi be-10 noma obuyi-15 cm nobude bemitha yesi-4. Lapho uthenga ophahleni, kufanele unake ukuphelela kwe-fastener yokumiswa, njengomthetho, kufakiwe entengo yophahla. Uzocela futhi ukuba khona kwezakhiwo zomthengisi, amakhona ("perimeter") nezinye izesekeli. Uhlelo lokusebenza olusakazekile ekhaya i-rack operings litholakala ezindlini zokugezela. Intengo ephakathi yophahla yalolu hlobo ngohlelo lokumiswa lubanga ohlwini lwamaconsi we-1m2. Emakethe yaseRussia, ungahlangana kaningi amasethi ophahla lwe-Rush of German, Italian kanye neMelika. UCatena (Italy) noGeipel (Germany) bamelwe kakhulu. Kuhle futhi ukuphambuka uphahla lwe-Elite Rush lwenkampani iNagelstutzeihler (Germany). Amaphaneli abo apendiwe ngemibala engajwayelekile, emnene. Ngokuya ngombala wombala, izindleko zazo zisukela ku-40 kuye ku-100dollar Z1M2.
Ukufakwa kophahla lwe-Rush kulula. Kanye namapuleti okuhlobisa, iphrofayili yokwenza inkampani yenethiwekhi ihlinzekwa, okunamathiselwe ophahleni oluyinhloko ngezipikili noma izikulufa kuma-dowels. Amaphaneli ahlelwe ngokuhlanganisa amathathe akhethekile.
I-Rush Couilings ingafakwa ohlelweni lokumiswa. Kulokhu, izingwegwe zibethelwa ophahleni, lapho ukumiswa kokuphakama kobude obuguqukayo kwehla. Ama-CPODWIS anamathiselwe amaphrofayli axhasayo afakiwe futhi avele kulawa amaphaneli we-aluminium. Ukunakekelwa kophahla olunjalo kulula kakhulu, kungagezwa kusetshenziswa noma yiziphi izibilika.
Vele, okuvame kakhulu phakathi kophahla omisiwe kungukude nemikhiqizo eyaziwayo yezinkampani ezinjengomhlaba we-Armstrong World Industriesnican. Lolu hlobo lwephahla luvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-raster noma Umngwane , egcizelela ukuthi uphahla luqoqwa kusuka ezintweni ezincane ezanele zesimo esifanayo ezakhiwe ngohlaka olukhethekile lokufakwa. Lezi zinto zinamapuleti ezenziwe ngengilazi ekhishwe yi-mineral noma ngoboya obunamaminerali nge-filler (ubumba, isitashi, iselula, njll.). Kubalulekile ukuthi phakathi kwama-clicking kanye nezinto zokubopha ezisetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwamapuleti ophahla, awekho ama-phenol ama-formaldehyde desins kanye ne-asbestos. Zinobungani bemvelo futhi abangenangqondo. Lawo mapuleti, njengomthetho, angosayizi 6060cm noma ngo-60120cm (okuqabukelayo 12120cm) kanye nobukhulu be-1.5-2.0 (kufika ku-3.0) cm. Amanani ophahla olumisiwe walolu hlobo aguquguqukayo aguquguqukayo kusuka ku-6 pre-3dollars ye-1m2 ngohlelo olwemisiwe, noma ukusuka ku-5.7 kuya ku-40doll angu-1m2 ngaphandle kwalo. Intengo ngokuyinhloko incike ngohlobo lwamaphaneli akhethekile wephaneli abiza kakhulu kunokuhlobisa. Kumele ngithi izinhlobonhlobo zamaphaneli mkhulu. Zihlukile hhayi ngombala nokudweba kuphela, kodwa futhi nangezindawo zazo. Ngakho-ke, kukhona amaphaneli wokuswakama woMswaniwe enza umswakama ohlobene ka-100%, u-Antoshemnye, onamapholadi e-antimicrobial, athuthukiswe futhi asetshenziswe kabanzi uphahla olukhethekile lwe-acoustic, olunciphisa kakhulu umsindo egumbini.
Olunye uhlobo lophahla olumisiwe, osanda kuthola ukusabalalisa ngokwengeziwe I-Mirror Courings . Ziyindwangu ye-6060 cm futhi zifakwe ekuqinisweni kwensimbi okuphelele. Intengo elinganisiwe yalolu hlobo lwamaphaphu angama-30-50 amadola ku-1,2. Ukukhethwa okubanzi kakhulu kwamaphaneli wesibuko kanye nezakhiwo ezinemibala eminingi emakethe yaseRussia zinikezela nge-Silo-Burg (Austria). Kukhona namapuleti wesibuko abakhiqizi basekhaya. Bashibhile ngandlela thile, abangama-20-25 amadola nge-1m2.
Uhlobo olungandile olungavamile yophahla olumisiwe nophahla lokuhlobisa nolu-acoustic lwama-gilips (Austria). Amapuleti abo enziwe nge-drywall enobuso bokuhlobisa kanye ne-acoustic bazizwa ngesandiso se-6060 cm. Ngobukhulu bama-1,3 cm, isisindo se-1m2 salawa mapuleti ngu-8-9kg.
Ngokwehla okumisiwe okunjalo, kwakhiwa inani elikhulu lamalambu akhethekile, avumelaniswa nosayizi ojwayelekile wamapuleti futhi afakwe kalula kwimihlahlandlela. Ngemibala ophahleni omisiwe kuvame ukushumeka khona ama-luminaires.
Izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zophahla ezimisiwe ezikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe lezo ezidingekayo esimweni ngasinye - uphahla oluhlobisa noma olukhethekile - futhi ngasikhathi sinye ubheka imibandela yokusebenza kwawo.
Ububi obukhulu obukhakhayo wabo bonke ophahleni olumisiwe bungabhekwa ukuthi alwenzelwe ukuphakama okuncane kophahla lwezindlu ezijwayelekile - 2.75m. Ibanga eliphansi ukusuka ophahleni, olungatholakala kusetshenziswa ukuqiniswa komhlangano onophawu kucishe kube ngu-15-20 cm.
Umbono wokugcina ophahleni omiswe okwesikhashana, okufanele ashiwo, amaphaphu avela ku-hydro fiber noma amapuleti e-drywall. Amaphupho avumelekile avela kukho konke okungenhla, lolu ophahleni ludinga ukunqumela okulandelayo kokuhlobisa. Isici sophahla omisiwe olwenziwe ngama-gypsum fiber amapuleti futhi isisindo sabo esibucayi: isisindo se-1m2 yale ndlela yokuklama enjalo kusuka ku-18 kuye ku-1. Inkampani "I-Avangard Knauf" inikeza isethi ephelele yokuqiniswa kophahla olukhulayo kusuka kumapuleti e-gypsum fiber. Inikeza ukukhetha kwamamodeli amabili ngohlaka lwamapulangwe no-ukhilimu omuncu omuncu. Inkampani yenkampani ye-AAAVSTIAN RIGIPS ithuthukise ikhithi yokwenziwa kophahla lwe-arched kusuka endaweni ekhethekile eyomile eguquguqukayo, isici esisici esihlahleni ezimbili siqiniswa ne-fiberglass. Imisebe ephansi ye-curvature yophahla olunjalo ngu-60cm. Ukufakwa kwalomklamo kungasebenza kuphela ochwepheshe.
Uma wazi ukuthi usebenza kanjani futhi uthandana kanjani esihlahleni, kungenzeka ngedwa futhi ngaphandle kwezindleko ezibonakalayo zokwenza uphahla olukhulu olumisiwe ngaphandle kweplywood enhle, kufaka phakathi iphrofayili eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekwenziweni kophahla lwangempela omisiwe, ungaluleka ngezandla zakho ukuze usebenzise amaphaneli odonga atholakalayo atholakalayo.