Izibani ze-Incandescent ne-Halogen: Izinhlobo, abakhiqizi, izeluleko eziwusizo kumthengi.
Ngokusho kwazo zonke izibalo ezinolwazi, ama-14% awo wonke amandla kagesi akhiqizwayo asetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa eRussia. Ukuthi sihlala sibaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kobungozi kuye nabanye ngokwabo futhi abanye basebenzise lolu ulwandle lwamandla angeziwe, ngaphandle kokunelise iqiniso lokuthi amazulu ezulwini. Lo mbhalo siqala indaba yokuthi ungawagwema kanjani amaphutha lapho kukhanyisa indlu.
Siphila emhlabeni wokukhanya, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthi sikwazi ukwenza kahle izimo zokukhanya okunethezekile. Ngokusobala, ngenxa yalokho, kusukela eminyakeni yesikole, siqala ukugqoka izibuko ezivela eminyakeni yesikole, sikhononda amakhanda nokukhathala, ngaphandle kokusola ukuthi ukususa ezinye izinkinga, kwanele ukukhetha isibani sokukhanya kagesi. Ukwakha ukukhanya okuhle, udinga kancane: inani elanele lokukhanya, hhayi ukuhlanekezela upende emhlabeni jikelele. Futhi kungcono ukufeza lokhu ngezindleko ezincane.
Ukuhlola ikhwalithi yemithombo yokukhanya, ochwepheshe basebenzisa izici ezinjenge-flux elikhanyayo, ukukhanyisa okungaphezulu, ukukhanya, ukukhanya, i-chromatic, okuphumayo kanye nenombolo yabanye. Igumbi lingabonakala likhululekile noma alinandaba nezinga lokukhanyisa nombala wemisebe yemithombo yokukhanya. Isibonelo, ngeleveli encane yokukhanyisa, umuntu uzizwa elungile uma imisebe yemicibisholo ibheke phambili, naphezu, okuphambene nalokho, ubukhosi be-gamma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka buholela emvelweni ka "Twilight" yegumbi . Izizathu zalawa manga ezicini ze-psycho-physical zokubona ukukhanya nombala womuntu, kepha awukwazi ukusho ngalokhu kuhlakanipha ngamagama amabili.
Indaba ngemithombo yokukhanya iqala nge-Incandescent Bulb.
Izibani ze-Incandescent
Isibani se-Incandescent ngumthombo okhanyayo lapho ushintsho lwamandla kagesi lube ukukhanya kwenzeka ngenxa yendawo kagesi yomqhubi we-Refractory (Thrents Thread). Lawa madivayisi ahloselwe ukukhanyisa okufuywayo, kwendawo kanye nokukhethekile. Okugcina, njengomthetho, kwehlukile ngokubukeka - umbala nokwakheka kweflask. Ukusebenza kahle (ukusebenza kahle) kwamalambu we-incandescent kucishe kube ngu-5-10%, isabelo esinjalo sikagesi esichithwe siguqulwe sikukhanya okubonakalayo, nengxenye yaso eyinhloko kuphenduka ukushisa.Isibani sedivayisi. Noma imaphi ama-Incandescent Bulbs aqukethe izinto eziphambili ezifanayo. Kepha usayizi wazo, ukwakheka nendawo yokuhlala kungahluka kakhulu, ngakho-ke imiklamo ehlukile ayifani nomunye futhi inezimpawu ezihlukile.
Kunamalambu, amaflathi akhe agcwele i-crypto noma i-argon. I-CRYPTON ngokuvamile iba nefomu le "fungus". Zincane ngosayizi, kepha zinikeza okukhulu (cishe ngo-10%) ukugeleza okukhanyayo kuqhathaniswa ne-argon. Izibani ze-Ball Flask zenzelwe amalambu asebenze izinto zokuhlobisa, nge-flask yeshubhu - ukukhanyisa izibuko kumakhabethe odonga, amakhabethe okugeza, njll.
Isisekelo se-screw for incandescent bulbs sahlongozwa ngu-Edison (Edison), ngakho-ke incwadi yesiLatini "e" ikhona ekuqondeni kwesisekelo esinjalo, futhi amanani akhombisa ububanzi bentambo emamilimitha. Ama-mains we-E27 (amandla oLamp 25-200w), e14 (ngaphansi kwama-cartridge ama-mignon, 25-100w), e-E1250W amalambu), kanye namalambu ama-E12 Mini asetshenziswa.
Izibani ze-Incandescent zinokubuya okukhanyayo kusuka kusuka ku-7 kuye ku-17 LM / W kanye ne-Service Life of 1000 amahora. Zihlobene nemithombo ekhanyayo enethoni efudumele, ngakho-ke dala amaphutha lapho udlulisa amathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi nobomvu. Engaphakathi, lapho ukucwaswa kombala kuphezulu ngokwanele, kungcono ukusebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zamalambu. Akunconyelwe futhi ukusebenzisa izibani ze-incandescent ukukhanyisa izindawo ezinkulu kanye nokwakha ukukhanya kudlula izinga le-3000lk, ngoba kuqokomise ukushisa okuningi kanye negumbi "ngokweqile".
Naphezu kwale mikhawulo, amacebo anjalo asahlala engumthombo wokukhanya okukhanyayo futhi owuthandayo.
Usebenzisa amalambu we-halogen, kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi:
- Izibani ze-tubular (ikakhulukazi ezinamandla) kungcono ukuthi ube nokuphambuka ngokuphambuka kusuka ekuvuseleleni okungaphezulu kwama-degree ayi-10.
- Izinga lokushisa le-flask lingafinyelela ku-500c, ngakho-ke kufanele kubhekwe amazinga okuphepha komlilo lapho ufaka amalambu (ngokwesibonelo, ahlinzeke ngebanga elanele phakathi kophahla lwe-overlap futhi osusiwe).
- Endaweni yengilazi yesibani, kungcono ukuthi ungathinti izandla zakho ezinqunu, njengoba amabala amafutha ahlala kuwo, angaholela eglasini lama-flasks kule ndawo. Isibani kumele sithathwe kusetshenziswa ucezu lwendwangu emsulwa. Uma i-flask iqinile, khona-ke udinga ukusula ngotshwala bezokwelapha.
- Izibani zeHalogen zizwela kakhulu ukugxuma okugoqayo, ngakho-ke kufanele kufakwe phakathi kwe-voltage stabilizer, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile ngokusebenzisa i-transformer ephansi.
Izibani ze-halogen incandescent
Ama-Incandescent Bulbs alahlekelwa ukukhanya ngokukhanya, futhi kwenzeka ngesizathu esilula: Ukugwetshwa kusuka entanjeni ye-incandescent tungsten kufakwa ngendlela yempukane emnyama ezindongeni zangaphakathi ze-flask yengilazi. Izibani zesimanje ze-halogen azinakho lokhu ukushoda ngenxa yokungezwa kwezinto ze-halogen (iodine noma i-bromine) ku-filler yegesi). Okokugcina bayakwazi "ukuqoqa" izinhlayiya ezithunyelwayo ze-tungsten futhi "zibuyise" zona futhi entanjeni yeTungsten futhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-flask yesibani enjalo yenziwa kusuka endabeni ye-quartz ye-quartz, emelana kakhulu nokushisa okuphezulu nemiphumela yamakhemikhali, futhi ingagcwaliswa ngegesi ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuvumela ukukhulisa izinga lokushisa le-helix, okuholele ezikhathini eziyi-1.5-2 Ukubuya okukhanyayo kanye nempilo yenkonzo yesibani se-halogen, futhi ubukhulu bawo buncipha kaninginingi uma kuqhathaniswa nezibani zamandla afanayo.Amalambu angamafomu amabili: I-tubular - enezibani ende etholakala eceleni kwe-axis ye-quartz tube, ne-capsule - nge-compact bomzimba umzimba.
Izizathu zamalambu amancane ama-halogen asezinhlengweni zingahle zifakwe ngocingo (thayipha e), ezilungele ama-cartridge ajwayelekile, nezikhonkwane (uhlobo g), adinga ama-cartridges wolunye uhlobo.
Ukubuyiselwa okukhanyayo kwamalambu we-halogen kuyinto 14-30lm / Watts. Zihlobene nemithombo ene-tonial efudumele, kepha uhla lwemisebe yabo lusondele kakhulu ku-White Light Spectrum kunaleso samalambu e-incandescent. Ngenxa yalokhu, imibala yefenisha kanye nengaphakathi ebangeni elifudumele nelingathathi hlangothi, kanye nokukhanya komuntu "kudluliselwa".
Izibani zeHalogen zisetshenziswa yonke indawo. Amalambu ane-flask ye-cylindrical noma ekhekhe amakhandlela futhi yakhelwe i-Network Voltage 220V ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sokujwayelekile (ikakhulukazi lapho kunesibani esincane). Amalambu wesibuko enzelwe ama-voltage aphansi asemqoka ngokukhanyisa okuvunyelwe kwefenisha, imidwebo, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala.
Ukopela kuphi?
Imikhiqizo yokukhanyisa e-patriotic ikhiqiza abakhiqizi abalandelayo: Uhlu "Association" Uhlu "(Isitshalo seSaransky), ukukhipha ama-halogen, ukukhishwa kanye namalambu kagesi kagesi, isitshalo samandla kagesi we-Ufa, i-motolensk kagesi (ikhiqiza uhhafu wazo zonke izibani ze-fluorescent). Abahlinzeki abaphambili bemikhiqizo engenisiwe kwimakethe yaseRussia bangabakhiqizi abanjengoGeneral Elestring Light (USA), Osram noPaulmann (Germany). Ngoba nge-assortment yemikhiqizo yasekhaya, umfundi uyajwayela, kunengqondo ukugxila encazelweni yamamodeli amasha amalambu angenisiwe.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani izibani ezisezingeni eliphakeme kusuka kukhwalithi ephansi
Imakethe yemikhiqizo yokukhanyisa manje igcwele ama-fakes ampofu. Ngokuvamile akulula ukuhlukanisa imikhiqizo yomkhiqizo enophawu kusuka kumbumbulu. Indlela elula yokuthola ikhwalithi "ebonakalayo": ekuphawuleni ekuphaketheni ne-flask uqobo, lapho kuboniswa khona inkampani (ngokwesibonelo, eJalimane, hhayi iJalimane). Ngokwemithetho yezohwebo, ikheli lomenzi linikezwa kwiphakheji. Umthengisi kumele abe nesitifiketi sempahla ngayinye. Umthengi angadinga isitifiketi esinjalo futhi aqinisekise ukuthi izimpahla zilethwa ngokusemthethweni futhi akuyona inkohliso.
Ukukhanyisa okujwayelekile kwe-Elestric Izithasiselo kumalambu e-incandescent kanye nenhloso ekhethekile, kanye nokuhlobisa. Ama-flasks angenziwa ngengilazi esobala ne-matte, efinyelela ukugqama okufanayo komthombo wokukhanya. Imibala ye-Flasks ye-apricot, i-pink, ama-azure, luhlaza okotshani, ulamula kanye nezinye izithunzi, kanye neminye imithunzi, kanye nokulingisa amaphethini ahlukahlukene, njenge-Ice-ehlanganiswe. Kunamalambu wesibuko anama-flasks anesiliva noma ukufafaza kwegolide. Zingasetshenziselwa ukudala umphumela wokukhanya okubonisiwe, owaziwayo, kubhekwa njengokukhululekile ngokwengeziwe. I-PAR 38 Mirror Lamp ilungele ukudala ukugeleza okukhanyayo okuqondayo. Le nkampani ikhiqiza amalambu we-crypton ngama-flasks ngesimo "isikhunta", i-sphere noma amakhandlela asontekile futhi ajwayelekile.
Izibani ezikhethekile Khonza ukudala izimo ezikhethekile zokukhanya. Ama-Neodymium Light Bulbs aklanyelwe ukukhanyisa izitshalo. Izibani zezibani ze-stripleghtive azisetshenziswa lapho kudingeka ukukhanya okuthambile ikakhulukazi. I-Insect Lamp Parnect izokunikeza ithuba lokuphumula kusihlwa ehlobo phezu kwethala, ngaphandle kokuqabula omiyane ocasulayo nama-midges. Uchungechunge lwe-Encuch lungenye yezinto ezintsha zenkampani - inikela ekudlulisweni okuthe xaxa kwemibala nemithunzi yazo.
Ukukhanyisa okujwayelekile kwe-Elestric kukhipha uchungechunge oluthathu lwamalambu we-halogen. Uchungechunge oluqondile lwe-Sonstant Colour Series lwenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kochwepheshe ezindaweni zomsebenzi ezidinga ukuzala kabusha imibala enembile, futhi ngenxa yalokho kubiza kakhulu (kufinyelela ku- $ 10). Izibani zalolu chungechunge ziyasebenza - zinempilo yamarekhodi - kufika emahoreni angama-6000, enye i-sketch - eqondile ekhanyayo - Khonza amahora angama-3000-3500. Ukuqala uchungechunge kuhlanganisa amalambu ashibhile futhi angaphansi kangako. Ngingathanda ukusho amamodeli we-halo btt, i-Candle halo kanye nama-globes, ukuba nesisekelo esifakiwe, esibavumela ukuba bazisebenzise esikhundleni samalambu e-incandecent.
Inkampani ye-Osram. Imikhiqizo yayo ikhiqizwa eJalimane, eFrance, e-Italy, eSlovakia. Isici samalambu e-incandescent yenkampani i-Osram yidivaysi yomzimba ekhazimulayo ngesimo se-bispiral, ngaleyo ndlela sandisa ukusakazwa okukhanyayo. Izibani ze-Classic uchungechunge ziyehluka ngesimo seflask (ejwayelekile, ekhekhe amakhandlela, zikhanyiselwe). I-Bellualux Soft Lamp Band Rays Light Light ethambile. Uchungechunge lwe-Concracra Stop lungamalambu wesibuko esinobubanzi obungama-39, 50, 63, 80 no-95mm. I-Mirror Coating on the dome of the detor isiliva / amalambu wegolide ivimbela ukudlula okuqondile okukhanyayo kakhulu nge-dome, ngaleyo ndlela kunikeze ukuvikelwa kwamehlo okuhle. Ukuhlobisa umhlobiso we-Globe LAMP nge-Ball Flask kunikeza ukukhanya okuthambile okuthambile. Amalambu wombala wombala opendiwe apendiwe ngokubomvu, okuwolintshi, ophuzi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Zilungele ukwakheka kokuhlobisa nokukhanyisa.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamalambu we-halolux 220V kunikeza amathuba okufaka izibani ezincane ezincanyana. Uma indlu yakho ineqoqo lezicucu, ceramics noma ezinye izinto zobuciko futhi ungathanda ukubagqamisa nge-accent ekhanyayo, ungasebenzisa amalambu we-halogen aphansi (nge-aluminium, i-titanium kanye nama-volitals). Imakethe entsha yemakethe entsha - isibani se-halopin. ICompact (ubude 50mm, ububanzi 14mm), inesisekelo se-PIN, yenzelwe ama-220 v futhi isetshenziswe kumalambu amancane.
UPaulmann. Ukwakhe "Konk" unhlobonhlobo lwamalambu wokuhlobisa anama-flasks wezimo ezahlukahlukene, imibala kanye nezithunzi (igolide, isiliva), esontayo, esobala, enokulungiswa, okufafaza ngendlela yemidwebo kanye nesibuko esifafaza ngaphakathi kweflask. I-Flight Light Bulb imizwa ilangabi i-kerzenAmpele, ilingisa ikhandlela. Ine-cartridge E14, namandla ayo ngu-3W (okungukuthi, njengekhandlela elijwayelekile). Isibani esikhanyayo sifakwe kwisikhumba, bese ithubhu lesisekelo linqunywa ubude obufunayo. Idivayisi ekhethekile ilingisa umphumela wekhandlela elishukumisayo. I-Tubular Incandescent Lamps linienlampele disco, ngaphezu kokusebenza kwendabuko, akhiqize imibala ephuzi, ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka neluhlaza. Izibani zokuhlobisa zohlobo lwe-kreuzkerze, i-globe fantasia enesithombe, njengembali, isilwane, noma ngombhalo ngaphakathi kweflask. Ngokuyisisekelo, zisetshenziswa njengezibani zasebusuku, amandla abo ngu-3W.
Ukungafani kwamalambu we-halogen ale nkampani ukuthi wonke amandla aphansi futhi aklanyelwe iVoltage 12V. Izibani ze-Akzent ezinomfudlana wokukhanya okuqondayo zilungele kakhulu ophahleni lwe-sttute, njengoba zithunyelwa ngomlilo (80% Flux ngenhla kwefilimu yophahla ayifudumele). Ingilazi yamalambu e-compact halogen - i-halogen stiftsockel - nayo ingaba umbala. Amamodeli anikezwa ngempilo yensizakalo ka-1500-2000 noma amahora angama-4000.