Izinhlelo zokuphahlazeka zokubanjwa: abakhiqizi kanye nabahlinzeki be-drainage, ubuchwepheshe bokufakwa okusheshayo kohlelo lokuqoqa kanye nemvula evusa imvula namanzi ancibilikayo.
Noma yimuphi uphahla ngeke ufeze ngokuphelele imisebenzi yalo ngaphandle kwamadivayisi wamanzi afakwe kahle. Amanzi ageleza ophahleni kuzo zonke izinkomba zamanzi abhubhisa izindonga kanye nesisekelo sesakhiwo, aqhuma amathrekhi, adala ukuphazamiseka okuningi. Hhayi kuphela impilo yenkonzo yesakhiwo kanye nemvamisa yokulungiswa, kepha futhi ne-microclimate endlini incike kwikhwalithi yohlelo lokudonsa amanzi.
Kuze kube muva nje, amasistimu wokuhlasela enziwe ngensimbi eyenziwe nge-galvanized futhi kuphela emaqenjini angavamile kakhulu ethusi. I-gutter namapayipi kusuka ku-tin akhubazeke ngokushesha futhi aqale ukugqwala. Njengoba bona, njengomthetho, benziwa ngendlela yezandla, imishini yabo ishiye okuningi ukuthi ifuneke, futhi ukufakwa kwaphenduka umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi odla isikhathi.
Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi
Inkinga yokuhlela ngokushesha uhlelo lokuqoqa nokusola imvula namanzi ancibilikiyo kancane kancane kwaqala ukuxazululwa ngokuvela kwezinto ezintsha ezingeniswa amaqabunga emakethe yaseRussia, ikakhulukazi i-teli yensimbi. Cishe wonke amafemu akhiqiza anikela futhi abuye abeke ama-gut ama-drainage namapayipi enziwe ngensimbi egcwele ngepulasitiki. Lawa masethi ahluke kancane komunye nomunye futhi afake iqoqo lezinto ezifiselekayo. Nakhu abanye abakhiqizi nabathengisi bamapayipi amanzi: iWackman, uRannila (eFinland), uchwepheshe wophahla, i-lindabab (Sweden), iphrofayili yezimboni ", i-GV" Ziosab ". Amasistimu anikezwa yibo ahlala isikhathi eside, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokwakheka okucatshangwe kahle kanye nesethi ephelele yezakhi, ukufakwa kwawo akubangeli ubunzima obukhethekile. I-gutter ingaba nomumo onobunzima nonxande, futhi njengoba benobushelelezi, uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhondo ye-tin ejwayelekile, ukuhlanganiswa kwepulasitiki, amahlamvu awile kanye nokunye udoti kuqongelelwa kuwo, ahlanzwa ngamanzi ageleza ophahleni. Kodwa-ke, le mikhono isenezingqinamba ezimbili ngenxa yokuthi zenziwe ngensimbi yamaqabunga (yize zincane) - zisindayo futhi zibizayo. Intengo ka-1 p / m we-gutter kuya kububanzi be- $ 6.5-12.5, ipayipi lokukhipha lingama- $ 9-12, futhi izinto ezakha amahle zibiza kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, intengo ye-funnel etholayo ingaba ngama- $ 20-30 ngokulandelana, kanye nento ye-angular ye-groove - $ 22-40 ingu-11.
URehau (Germany), uNicoll (France), i-Gamrat (Poland), i-Plastmo, iCopal (iFinland) imelelwa kabanzi.
Isethi ecatshangwe kahle yezakhi ikuvumela ukuthi ushiye ushibhile, kahle futhi ngokushesha ukuhlomisa noma yikuphi, ngisho nokucushwa okuyisimangaliso, ukudonsa okuthembekile kophahla kanye nokuqina.
Ngakho-ke, yini efakiwe ohlelweni lokudonsa amanzi? Okokuqala, yi-gutter ngokwabo, izithonjana zazo, izingxenye zangaphandle nezingaphakathi ze-gutters kanye namapayipi amanzi. Kepha akukhona konke. Nalu uhlu lwezakhi, oluvame ukusetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwama-drainage: ama-plugs kanye nokuxhuma izingxenye zemifino, ama-plugs of funnels wokuqoqa amaqabunga, amapaki amapaki, ukuhlanganisa, amathayela, ama-soft.
Amabakaki okuqinisa akhethwa ngokuya ngomklamo ophahleni lophahla. Kuyalulekwa futhi ukuthi usebenzise izimbotshana zeqhwa ezifakwe ethambekeni yophahla phambi kwe-chute.
Ngakho-ke ukuthi uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi lubhekane kahle nemifudlana yamanzi igeleza kuyo, kumele kubo bonke banokuhleleka okudingekile, okungukuthi, kuhambelana nophahla khona. Ukubala umkhawulokudonsa, kunqunywa ukumiswa okudingekayo nokulinganisa kohlelo lwezindleko, awudingi ukuba uchwepheshe. Njengomthetho, bonke abakhiqizi balezinhlelo ezikulo amathemba abo futhi, ngokweqiniso, emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe yizibonelo zokubalwa. Ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu kubo yindawo yokubanjwa. Kuya ngosayizi wama-grooves, ububanzi bepayipi lokukhipha, inani lokuthola imithwalo. Kufanele kubhekwe lokho okubhekwa njengendawo yokubanjwa. Imvamisa kuyindawo yophahla lophahla (lencazelo enjalo inikeza i-plastmo, uNicoll kanye nodokotela abaningi bayasebenza kulo). URehau noGamrat bamukelwa yindawo yendawo yokubanjwa ye-scope projection evundlile. Ngokusho kwamazinga emithetho kanye nemithetho yeRussia (Snip 2. 04.01-85), 30% wezindonga ezibheke phezulu eduze nophahla nokuphakanyiswa okungenhla kufanele kungezwe endaweni ye-skate. Siphinde saphawula nokuthi akukho okujwayelekile esimweni nosayizi we-drainage chutes namapayipi. Futhi-ke, bahluka kakhulu kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene. Kepha ungakhetha amaqembu amathathu ama-grooves namapayipi ngenani eliphakathi nendawo: 35cm2, 55cm2 no-90cm2.
Njengesibonelo, sethula imiphumela ejwayelekile yokubalwa kwenkampani uNicoll okunikezela ngezinhlelo zawo zokudonsa amanzi. Zethulwe ngesimo setafula.
Ukubalwa kwe-bandwidth yama-grooves namapayipi ohlelo lwamanzi lwenkampani ye-NICOLL, kuya ngosayizi wawo
| Isundulile | Ububanzi bepayipi lokukhipha, mm | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isifanekiso | Ubude l no-radius r, mm | 80. | 100 | 125. |
| Isikwele esiphezulu se-squata, m2 | ||||
| LG25 | L = 113, r = 57 | Kufika ku-92. | Ayifanele * | Ayifanele * |
| LG33. | L = 169, r = 85 | Kufika ku-92. | Kufika ku-141. | Kufika ku-226. |
* Ububanzi obukhulu ngokweqile bepayipi lokudonsa amanzi.
Kepha i-bandwidth yezitha namapayipi axhomekeki ngosayizi wazo kuphela, kodwa futhi nasekwakhiweni kwamanzi. Lokhu kuhlinzekelwa kubonisa idatha ye-Plastpotwo ekhonjiswe etafuleni. Kulandela kubo ukuthi ukwanda kobude besisu (amanzi ancibilikayo abe yipayipi elilodwa) kuholela kabili ekunciphiseni okufanayo endaweni yokubanjwa, okungukuthi, ukuncishiswa kwe-bandwidth yohlelo. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba yi-chute ekhawulela ivolumu egeleza ophahleni lwamanzi. Ngempela, uma i-waterfront (ishubhu) itholakala maphakathi nobude be-gutter l, ingxenye ngayinye yesigamu sayo iqoqa amanzi ukusuka esigabeni sendawo ye-skate namanzi inikezwa kalula. Uma lesi sikhuphukile sibekwe ekugcineni kwe-gutter, khona-ke amanzi aya kuwo wonke ama-skate kanye ne-chute angachichima. Kusetshenziswe ekhishini amapayipi ama-drainage ane-bandwidth enkulu kakhulu kune-gutter.
Inani lamapayipi adingekayo livame ukutholakala kusukela ekubalweni kwe-1Trub kuya ku-100 m2 yendawo yokutholwa. I-SNIP II-26-76 (Ed. Ngo-19998) Yenza ngokwejwayelekile indawo ephambanisa nesigaba seshubhu le-drainage ngesilinganiso esingu-1,5cm2 endaweni yophahla engu-1m2. Kodwa-ke, kungaphansi kwamapayipi amane kuyaqabukela kufakwe endlini ephakathi nendawo.
Ukufakwa kwezinhlelo
Lapho ufaka amasistimu wokudonsa, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngamapharamitha amaningi. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu yi-gutter encane, enquma isilinganiso samanzi kuyo. Akufanele kube yincane kakhulu, njengoba kulokhu, kungachichima ama-groove ageleza ophahleni ngamanzi, futhi imithwalo yemukelayo izoba "kulokhu. I-bias inconywa ukuthi yenziwe ngaphakathi kuka-2-5 mm nge-1 P / m ye-Chute. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-hook, esothayo endaweni ephezulu kakhulu yomthambeka, ihlelwe ukuphakama ukuze umphendle wangaphandle we-gutter wawungaphansi kwendiza engu-25-50 mm. Izingxenye zemigodi zihlanganiswa. Amajoyinti we-Seal ngezindlela ezihlukile: Amakaki akhethekile, amabakaki ane-gasket yenjoloba, i-silicone sealant, ama-rivets. Emaphethelweni emikhondo, ayixhumekile ezintweni ze-angular, faka ama-plugs. Zilungiswe ngamakhabethe noma ama-rivets, futhi umthungo ubhalisa uphawu lwe-silicone.
Esinye isimo esibalulekile yisidingo sokubheka ukwanda okushisayo kwama-gutters. Uma ungakunaki lokhu, umphumela ungaba izimo zawo futhi uphuke. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ekuqaleni, ekuqaleni, kukhulisa ubude be-grooves ngokwanda kwamazinga okushisa kungabaluleka kakhulu ngenxa yobude obukhulu be-hydrogen. Nasi isibonelo: Ukugqashuka kwe-gutter yepulasitiki kungu-0.7 mm nge-1 P / m ngokunyuka kwamazinga okushisa ngo-10. Kubonakala kuncane kakhulu. I-AESLI ubude be-gutter 10m kanye nomehluko wokushisa ubusika - Ihlobo lifinyelela kuma-50 ukuthi ngisho naphakathi kweRussia akulona nhlobo, khona-ke ukubalwa okuyisisekelo kukhombisa ukuthi ushintsho ngobude be-stutter luzoba ngo-3.5 cm, futhi Endabeni yokugcwala okuqinile kwe-gutter kungaholela ekucindezelekeni okubalulekile emiklamo. Ukuze uthole ukwanda okushisayo kwama-grooves, akuholeli ekuguqukeni nasekuqhekekeni kwabo, sebenzisa amadivayisi akhethekile wokunwetshwa (ama-rempulanator). Ngayinye yalawa madivayisi ixhuma izingxenye ezimbili zesigembu ukuze ama-Emples awo ahambe. Kwamanye amamodeli wenxephezelo, amalebula ayasetshenziswa, akhombisa izinga lokushisa lapho kwenziwa khona ukufakwa kohlelo. Lapho ufaka umphetho we-gutter, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa nelebula ehambisanayo. Ukuxhumeka okukhangayo kwenziwe kahle imisebenzi yabo, kufanele banamathele ngokuqinile esakhiweni. Le mininingwane kumele isetshenziswe uma ibanga phakathi kwama-engeli okudla okuvundlile, okungukuthi, phakathi kwezinto ezilungiselelwe ngokuqinile, zidlula 8m. Ukukhipha izinhlelo ze-waterboat ukunxephezela ukwanda okushisayo kwama-grooves kusetshenziswa umklamo okhethekile (onxephezelayo), okunamathiselwe ngokuqinile esakhiweni usebenzisa amabakaki.
Uma ubude be-grooves bungaphansi kwama-8m noma ukwanda kwabo okuqondile kungaphazamisi, khona-ke ungenza ngaphandle kwezinto zokunweba.
Ama-polymer gutmer kanye namapayipi akhiqizwa ngobude 2, 3, 4 no-6m futhi imvamisa imibala emithathu nomhlophe, omnyama nomdaka. Ukuthola i-gutter yobude obukhulu, izinto ezixhumayo zezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziswa, ngokwesibonelo izimpawu zenjoloba (imvamisa ukuthola ama-grooves amancane wesigaba). Ezimweni, ukuxhumana kwenziwa ngosizo lwe-glue ekhethekile (njengasezinhlelweni ze-nicoll kanye ne-plastmo). Ukusebenza nge-polymeric emikhonweni namapayipi kulula kakhulu - kugawulwa kalula ngosizo lwe-hacksaw yensimbi.
Ngeke sikhulume ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nezici zokufakwa kwezinhlelo ezithile ze-hydrogen ngokuningiliziwe, zinokwehluka okuningana okuhlobene nezici ezakhayo, futhi zichazwe kwimiyalo yamafemu. Siphawula kuphela ibanga phakathi kwamabakaki lapho ama-gutter afakwa kuwo akufanele adlule ku-50-80 cm. Qaphela ukuthi kusuka kuma-funnels, ama-plugs, ama-angular atholakala futhi anxephezele, amabakaki kufanele atholakale kungasondela kubo ngo-5 cm. Lapho ubeka amapayipi okukhipha, amabakaki afakwa ngaphansi kwe-clutch ngayinye exhumayo kanye nokuphumula kokungaphezu kwe-2m. Ukufakwa kuqala ngokuphawulwa ngokucophelela kokubekwa kwamapayipi okukhipha, izinto ze-angular kanye namabakaki abebanda. Emkhuba wokufaka uhlelo lokukhipha inkampani "iphrofayili yensimbi", eyenziwe ngochwepheshe be-Arthaus LLC, sizotshela embikweni wesithombe.
Ekugcineni, ezinye izintengo zokuthengisa izinto ezakha izinhlelo ze-polymer wamanzi. Intengo ye-gutter ye-drainage yombala omhlophe yi- $ 4.5-6.5 nge-1p / m, futhi nsundu- $ 5.5-7.6. Isixhumi se-jet sizokubiza u- $ 1.8-2, i-funnermun elula- $ 6-8, futhi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, ekunxephezele ukwengeza okushisayo kwe-chute - $ 7.5-10. Isinxephezelo sokushisa sibiza ama- $ 7-8. Intengo ye-bracket ukuqina kwe-gutter axhomezeki kuphela ekwakhiweni, kodwa okokuqala kwako konke okuvela kukho okwenziwe yi- $ 1.5-1.7, i-person - kusuka ku- $ 5.5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-plugi ama-plugs azodingeka ($ 0.9-3 nge-1stoupe), izinto zangaphandle nezingaphakathi ze-angulary ezijikelezayo ($ 5-7 nge-1stone). Iphathelene nemikhomo. Ipayipi le-drainage ngokuya ngobubanzi bese kubiza u- $ 5-7 nge-1p / m, okuhlanganisiwe okuhlanganisiwe- $ 2-6, i-tee- $ 3-6, i-tuering- $ 3-6, i-incarbark of the drain Ipayipi - $ 1.5- 2.5.
Isibonelo, izindleko zazo zonke izinto zohlelo lokudonsa amanzi (ezingadingi ukuthi kunxenyisisweni kwe-thermal kwe-thermal) yendlu evamile engu-68 m kusuka ophahleni lwe-bartal lungama- $ 650, uma izingxenye zenziwa ngensimbi ye-polymer, ne- $ 200 , uma ukwahlukana ku-PVC.
Futhi ekuphetheni, lapho wenza khona amanzi ageleze ophahleni. Ukuze imifudlana yamashubhu e-drainage ingafiphaza isisekelo, amathrekhi akho owathandayo wezimbali noma engadini, sebenzisa izinhlelo ezisanda kusetshenziswa imigqa efakwe emhlabathini eduze kwendlu kanye nemikhondo. Ziqukethe iqoqo lezinto ezihlelekile, ezinjengomenzi wemvula, umgodi wokudonsa, njll. Kusuka kwikhambi lakho, hhayi kuphela indawo nenani lamapayipi amanzi, kodwa futhi lihlome ngezinto ezingezekile zezinhlaka ezinamapayipi ama-drainage zincike. Kepha idivaysi yohlelo lwe-drainage ingqikithi yengxoxo ehlukile.