Ungawulungiselela kanjani umhlaba wezithombo: imiyalo eqondakalayo

Sikhuluma ngokwakheka kwenhlabathi ukukhulisa izithombo, sibonisa izinto zaso futhi sinikele ngemiyalo enemininingwane yokulungiswa kwenhlabathi.

Ukulungiselela umhlaba wesithombo kuyisigaba esibalulekile sezitshalo ezikhulayo. Impilo yokufika kwentsha incike kwikhwalithi yenhlabathi, amandla abo okukhula okusebenzayo kanye nokumelana nezinto ezingezinhle. Konke lokhu kuzothinta ikhwalithi yesivuno. Ngakho-ke, abalimi bazama ukuzilungiselela ukuzilungiselela. Ngitshele ukuthi ngikwenza kanjani kahle.

Ungayilungiselela Kanjani Ngokuzimela Inhlabathi Yezithombo

Izingxenye zeConstratus

Zokupheka zokuxuba

Imiyalo Yokuqeqesha Enemininingwane

Ukujezisa

Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kwezithombo

Akukho ukwakheka kwendawo yonke, okwakunelisa izidingo zazo zonke izitshalo. Isiko ngalinye lidinga ingxube ekhethekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunemithetho ejwayelekile, okulandelayo ongakha inhlabathi eyisisekelo. Kulula ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zesiko elikhethiwe.

I-substrate eyisisekelo yokukhulisa noma yiziphi izithombo kufanele ibe nezithombo ezivundile futhi ezinempilo ukuze zikhule ukukhula nokuthuthuka okusebenzayo kwesitshalo esincane. Amunca kahle futhi ayibambezele amanzi, ukhulule ukweqa umoya ezimpandeni. Ukungabikho kwama-microgenic microoorganisms kanye nesikhunta esiningi kubalulekile. Ukungcola okwenziwa yisithathu ngohlobo lwezinhlayiya zezinsimbi, izinto ezinobuthi zingafuneki kakhulu.

Inhlabathi ixubene neqoqo elithile lezakhi zemvelaphi ye-inorganic ne-organic. Chaza ngamunye wabo.

Izingxenye ze-organic

• Inhlabathi. Hlukanisa i-turf, iqabunga nelendawo yengadi. Owokuqala atholakala ngokusika i-turf, okwesibili kuthatha ehlathini. Lawa amaqabunga amakhulu asuka emhlabathini. Ukulimazeka kwengadi kuthatha ngqo emibhedeni, kepha inqobo nje lapho izinambuzane ezithintekayo noma ezigulayo zikhula lapho. Hlanganisa kahle zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zenhlabathi.
• Humus. Kulokhu, kubhalwa phansi kwezinkomo ngaphandle kwezinye izithasiselo. IMisa kufanele igcwaliswe kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho ukushiswa kwezimpande kungenzeka. Ngesizathu esifanayo, udoti we-Avian akasetshenziswa.
• Umquba. Izitshalo zenhloso nezinsalela zemvelaphi yesitshalo. Akufanele kube nezinye izithasiselo. Lapho ukubhuka, umquba awusetshenziswa ngeziqongo ezivela emadshini, ukhula ngezinhlamvu, amakhophi anezimpawu zezifo.
• Peat. Izinto zokugibela zisetshenziswa njenge-baking powder, kwenza inhlanganisela yokukhululeka nomoya. I-Peat engezansi iqukethe inani elikhulu le-organics evundile, lisetshenziswa njengesengezo sokudla okunempilo.
• Imigoqo yemvelo. Kungaba yi-coconut fiber, i-sphagnum, sawdust sawdust, amagxolo achotshoziwe noma ama-sunflower husk. Thuthukisa i-aeration yenhlabathi, uyicebise ngezinto ezilandelwayo. Ezinye zazo, ngokwesibonelo, i-coconut fiber noma ukubambezeleka kwe-sphagnum futhi kugcinwe umswakama.
• Umlotha. Kusetshenziswa kuphela izinsalela ze-ASOL ezivela ezinkuni ezishisiwe: amagatsha, izinkuni, izinsalela zokhuni. Bavinjelwe futhi bangezelwa njenge-acidity yokuqinisa ingxenye.

Izingxenye ze-Inorganic

• Isihlabathi se-quartz. Umfula noma umsebenzi, ukuhlanzwa kusuka ekungcoleni. I-Breaks, ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwengxube.
• Perlite. Amaminerali wemvelaphi yentaba-mlilo, i-baking enhle yokubhaka.
• I-vermiculite. Amaminerali ePlate, aqongelele futhi agcina umswakama, kuthuthukisa umhlabathi wenhlabathi.
• I-Ceramzit. Ukudonsa kwemvelo kuthuthukisa ukwakheka kanye ne-aeration yenhlabathi.
• Hydrogel. Inhlamba yokwenziwa ngokuqina okuphezulu komswakama. Ngiqongelela amanzi, kancane kancane akunikeze.

Ngaphezu kwezinto ezifakwe kuhlu emhlabathini, umanyolo wamaminerali angezwa: U-Urea, Sulfate ne-potassium chloride, i-superphosphate, i-ammonium nitrate, njll. Imithamo yezidakamizwa inqunywa yizidingo zesiko ezobe zitshalwe kungxube. Zonke izinto zenhlabathi kufanele zihlanzwe ekungcoleni. Ngaphambi kokuxuba, bahlakazeka. Akunconyelwe ukuthatha isihlungo esincane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, inhlabathi encane - inhlabathi encane ngemuva kokunisela izoqala "ukuhamba ngomkhumbi" no "ukukhala".

Sibhale izingxenye ezifunwayo, kepha kukhona nezithako ezinciphisa ikhwalithi ye-substrate. Lokhu kuwubumba, obeka inhlabathi, uzokwenza kube mnene kakhulu. Umquba omusha, ukufudumala kusuka etiyeni, ubukhulu obusuka kwikhofi kanye nomzimba onjengo-organic uzoqala ukubola. Lokhu kuzonyusa kakhulu izinga lokushisa lengxube yenhlabathi, elingathandeki kakhulu izithombo. Isihlabathi sasolwandle esingafuneki, usawoti wasala kuwo uzophula ibhalansi kasawoti yenhlabathi.

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Zokupheka zokuxuba

Ungadliwa, ungawulungiselela kanjani umhlaba wezithombo, usethe. Ungalungisa ingxube yendawo yonke. Kuhle lokho okulungele wonke amasiko. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, umanyolo wamaminerali wenziwa ngemithamo enconyelwe izinhlobo ezihlwanyelwe. Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi yendawo yonke kuhlanganiswe nezindawo ezimbili zezwe lengadi, ingxenye eyodwa ye-peat, isabelo esisodwa se-humus noma umquba, isidina esisodwa noma i-sawdust ebengeziwe.

Ungenza ngenye indlela futhi ulungiselele inhlabathi ngokuhlelwa ngakunye kwamasiko okuhleliwe. Sinikeza izindlela eziningi zokupheka.

• Okotamatisi: izingxenye ezintathu zanoma iyiphi i-peat, ingxenye ye-humus evuthiwe, ucezu olulodwa lwe-sawdust encane. Ngeza ebhakedeni le-substrate ephumela le-3 l yesihlabathi, ama-25-30 amagremu we-superphosphate, ama-10-12 amagremu we-ammonium nitrate, amagremu ayi-15 e-potassium chloride.
• Okwe-pepper yaseBulgaria: Umhlaba, kungcono ukuqina, - amasheya amabili, ukuvuthwa kwe-humus - amasheya amathathu. Noma umhlaba ulukhuni - amasheya amabili, izidumbu ezine ze-peat kanye nesabelo esisodwa somquba kanye nokulayisha ngokweqile sawdust.
• Iklabishi ngokulingana okulinganayo, umhlabathi uxutshwe, kungcono nge-juat, peat kanye humus.
• Ukuze amaqanda ama-eggplants ebhakedeni lomhlaba engadini athathe u-1 tbsp. Ziwuthenga ngezipuni ze-superphosphate, ingxenye yengilazi yomlotha, 1 h. Apunoonful of potassium sulfate noma urea.
• Amakhukhamba alingana ngokulingana, i-humus noma umquba ngenhlabathi ixubene, engcono kune-turf. I-10 g ye-potassium ye-sulfate, 20 g ye-superphosphate, i-250 ml ash, ingezwe kubhakede lengxube.

Izithombo zizizwa kahle enhlabathini multiconomnent. Kwesinye isikhathi imbewu ihlwanyelwa ku-humus emsulwa noma umquba. Leli yiphutha elikhulu: Esikhathini sezakhi zomzimba ezingeqile. Isitshalo esincane sizodla kakhulu, sikhule ngokushesha, kepha sakha kabi izimpande. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu, kubukeka kunempilo futhi kuqinile, kepha ngemuva kokufakelwa engadini, kubi futhi kugula.

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Imiyalo enemininingwane yokulungiswa kwenhlabathi

Lungiselela ngezandla zakho inhlabathi ayinzima kakhulu ezithwalweni. Zonke izinto eziphambili zithandeka ukulungiselela ekwindla. Ngemuva kwalokho ungazihlanganisa, kepha nguwe kuphela ongadingi ukushesha ukwenza umanyolo. Zingezwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Umhlaba olungiselelwe usele ebusika egumbini elingaphethwe. Lapho kuzodlula inqubo yokujikeleza. Ungalungisa inhlabathi entwasahlobo, kepha izithako zisengcono ukulungiselela ekwindla.

Isenzo se-step-by-step

1. Silungiselela zonke izithako ezidingekayo. Kufanele zihlanzwe futhi zome, zibekwe emaphaketheni noma emabhange.
2. Phansi sixazulula ifilimu enkulu, i-tabletucloth yepulasitiki noma okuthile okunjalo. Lapha sizoxuba izingxenye. Uma ivolumu incane, ungathatha ibhakede noma i-pelvis.
3. Silungiselela izikali eziqondile zokulinganisa izithako noma sithatha isitsha esifanele. Kufanele yomile futhi ihlanzeke.
4. Ngokuhlukile, ulinganise izakhi, uwathulule engxenyeni engezansi. Sixuba kahle izithako ezilahliwe nge-spatula noma izandla ngamagilavu.
5. Silala umhlabathi ophelile esitsheni sesitoreji uma sikwenza ekwindla. Izikhwama akufanele zibe zikhulu, hhayi ezingaphezu kuka-20 amalitha. Ngokupakisha epulasitiki, senza izimbobo eziningana zokuphuma komswakama.

Inhlabathi engenalutho isilungile. Kusaqhubeka nokubhekana nokubulala amagciwane.

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Ukujezisa

Le yinqubo yokuphoqelela esisiza ukubhubhisa i-microflora eyingozi. Kakhulu ezintweni eziphilayo zokwakheka. Ama-microorganisms anamandla ayingozi kwimbewu nezitshalo ezisencane, ngakho-ke kudingeka azisuse. Khubaza inhlabathi ngezindlela ezihlukile.

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Ungakukhipha Kanjani

• Ukunuka. Lokhu kungomnene kakhulu futhi kunomusa ngendlela engezansi. Esezinhlelweni zokuntshontsha, akugcini nje ngokuthi amagciwane, kepha futhi uphuza umswakama. Inhlabathi ithenjiswa ngesihlungo esihle, ifakwe ngaphezu kwamapani anamanzi abilayo. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa imizuzu engu-8-10 ngokuvusa okungapheli.
• Ukujikeleza. Inqubo ephumelela kakhulu. Ingxube yenhlabathi ishiywe ebusika endaweni, lapho amazinga okushisa ehla ngaphansi kwe-zero. Noma ubeke emkhuhlane ngokuqaqa isonto lonke, bese uyibeka ekushiseni kwelinye isonto, ngemuva kwaleyo yandiswa. Umjikelezo uyaphindwa kabili noma kathathu.
• Calcining. Lokhu ukwelashwa ekushiseni kokusuka ku-70 kuye ku-90 ° C. Ibanga lokushisa kufanele libe yilokho: ngamanani aphansi we-microflora, ungqimba oluvundile oluvundile ngeke lubhujiswe phezulu. Ilala ephepheni lokubhaka elinongqimba lwe-Hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-50 mm, enomswakama bese ufaka kuhhavini oshibhile uhhafu wehora.
• Ukudonsa. Lokhu ukwelashwa okunesixazululo esikhanyayo se-potassium permanganate. Inhlabathi ibekwa ngesihlungo noma ngesihluthulelo esinamaseli amancane futhi sichithe isixazululo esilungiselelwe.

Abalimi beluleka ukuhlanganisa amasu okubulala amagciwane. Imvamisa isetshenziswa enye yezinketho ezintathu zokuqala kwinkimbinkimbi nge-Drank ephondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukuzobazwa noma ukubingelela kukhethwe njengendlela yokuqala yokubulala amagciwane, isisombululo esinamanzi abandayo silungiselelwe ukumba. Ngemuva kokuxabana, shayela uketshezi olushisayo.

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