Silandisa ngokuvikela uphahla oluvela emoyeni, imvula, iqhwa nezinye izinto ezingekho kuphela ngaphandle, kodwa futhi ngaphakathi kwendlu.
Ngosizo lwe-Yuri Karapetan, umeluleki womthengisi we-Hypermarket yokwakha "uLerua Merlen Sholothombe" uhlakaze "uphahla oluphahla" ngezendlalelo, utshele izindlela zokuvikela ophahleni emvuleni, umoya, umsindo kanye nokubanda.
Konke mayelana nokuvikela ophahleni
UkuphangaUkushisa kokushisa
Ukuvikelwa komoya
Kusuka emvuleni
Kusuka kuShuma
Kusuka eqhweni
Ekhuluma ngophahla, abantu bavame ukuba nomqondo ungqimba oluphezulu lophahla, ukuvikela indlu emvuleni naseqhweni. Kodwa izinhlobo ezithandwayo zophahla zenziwe ngezinto zokwakha ezingabhujiswa ngaphansi kwethonya lemvula. Isibonelo, i-tile ethambile yenziwa ngomunyu oguquliwe, osetshenziselwa amandla e-fiberglass canvas amandla. Kusuka phezulu, ishidi lama-tile athambile lijaha ungqimba olunamandla - itshe elichotshoziwe elinikeza amandla angaphezulu.
Alikho i-metal tile ethandwa kangako eyenziwe ngamashidi ensimbi ngaphansi kokugqwala, kepha abakhiqizi benza ukuhlanganiswa okukhethekile kophahla lwepende ye-polymer ukuvikela ekufuneni komswakama nomoya-mpilo. Ngakho-ke ukugcwala akufakiwe.
Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwama-membranes athathwa noma ama-bitumen-polymer, kukhona ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kusuka ezintweni zokwakha, okudinga ukuvikeleka ezintweni ezihlukile. Isibonelo, ama-roaft wokhuni atholakala ekubolekeni futhi ngeke ahlale isikhathi eside, uma ungazivikeli emanzini.
1 Vaporizolation
Kunoma iyiphi indlu lapho kuhlelwa khona ukushisa, ukunyakaza okuyinhloko kokugeleza komoya kuqondiswe phezulu. Ukuphakamisa, umoya ofudumele ufinyelela ephahleni futhi upholile. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngazimbili zamanzi eziqukethwe emoyeni ziwela ngendlela ye-condensate. Uma ungafaki isithiyo endleleni, ama-rafters, izindonga kanye nokugqama kwesitezi esiphezulu kuzohlushwa umswakama. Isithiyo esinjalo sikuvumela ukuthi uhlele ulwelwesi oludlula umoya ogcwele, futhi uvumelane, ngokuphambene nalokho, akuvumeli ukwehla.
Siqukethe izingqimba ezimbili. Isendlalelo esingezansi samanzi samanzi siwela umoya nokubambezeleka kokubambezeleka. Ungqimba olungaphezulu lwendwangu ye-nomboven polypropylene ithatha umswakama futhi ivele lapho amazinga okushisa ngaphansi kophahla.
2 Ukufakwa okushisayo
Ungqimba lokushisa okufaka impahla evikela, ukukhuluma ngokuqinile, akuhlobene nama-ejenti okuvikela ophahleni. Uvikela indlu ekulahlekelweni kokushisa. Kodwa-ke, ukungayisho, ukutshela ngedivayisi yekhekhe lokuphapha, akunakwenzeka.
Ukufakwa kwe-thermal, kunezinto eziningi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu izinto ezingasindi ezilungele ukukhwela ku-canopy. Lokhu kufaka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zoboya bezimbiwa kwamaminerali kuma-rolls namapuleti, kanye namapuleti kusuka ku-polystyrererererererererererererene. Muva nje, abakhi bakhuluma ngezixazululo ezisuselwa kuvololi yamaminerali njengoba ziphumelela kakhudlwana, ngoba izinto ze-fibrous zinezakhiwo ezengeziwe ezibenza zilungele ukufakwa. Inzuzo enkulu yovolo lwamaminerali yikhono ukweqa umoya. Ngenxa yalesi sici, i-condensate ayinxusenga ebusweni, futhi umswakama oqoqwe ku-perser ngesikhathi sokuphola lapho kuvuka izinga lokushisa.
Kepha uvolo wamaminerali akulungele ophahleni olusebenzayo. Kulezi zimo, kufanelekile ukufuna ukuthambekela okuqinile kokushisa, ngokwesibonelo, ukunwetshwa okunwetshiwe kwe-polystyrene noma i-pir.
3 Ukuvikelwa komoya
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, uphahla luvikela indlu emiphumeleni ebhubhisayo yokugeleza komoya. Umoya uvunguza ekushiseni kwendlu futhi ungalimaza uphahla ngokwawo, ukushaya imicu yokufakelwa kokufakelwa kokufakelwa. Ungqimba lokufakwa okushisayo kungenxa yobukhulu, futhi ngesikhathi izakhiwo zalo ziwohloka.
Ukuthi lokhu akwenzeki, abakhi bavikela ukufakwa kolwelwesi oluningi lwe-polyester ne-polypropylene. Enye yezendlalelo inqibatha kunabanye - inika amandla abonakalayo. Ezinye izingqimba zakha umgoqo phakathi kwendawo yomoya ebandayo ngaphansi kophahla kanye nendawo yangaphakathi yomoya ofudumele, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa kanye nezindleko zokushisa.
Phambilini, i-Pergamine - i-Cardboard eboshwe ngebitume yasetshenziselwa ukuvikela emoyeni. Kodwa-ke, lokhu okuqukethwe kunezinkinga ezinkulu. I-Pergamine imunca amanzi futhi ngokujikeleza isikhathi, uma kungenjalo ukuwuvikela kusuka ku-condensate kanye nama-splashes amanzi emvula.
Amalungu amaningi anamuhla ahlukahlukene ahlukahlukene ahlanganisa imisebenzi eminingana ngokwawo - ngokwesibonelo, avikele ngasikhathi sinye emanzini nangomoya. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobo eziningana zokuvikelwa kwenza izinto ezibonakalayo ziguquguquke ngokwengeziwe futhi zikuvumela ukuthi isetshenziswe hhayi ekwakhiweni kophahla, kodwa futhi nezindonga noma isisekelo. Kubekwe kusuka ngaphandle kokufakwa ngaphezulu kohlaka olusetshenziselwe amapuleti wokufaka wokufakelwa okushisayo.
4 kusuka emvuleni
Isivikelo esithembeke kakhulu emvuleni ukufakwa kophahla ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinto zophahla zinezici ezakhayo, ngenxa yokuthi amanzi angangena ngaphansi kwawo ngaphansi kwenhlanganisela. Ekukhiqizweni kwe-metal tile, ifomu lenza ishidi lifana ne-tile ye-ceramic ebekwe ngemigqa. Iqabunga lakhiwa onqenqemeni olungalingani, futhi izigaxa zomoya zingangena kwi-lumen phakathi kwamashidi abekelwe iqhwa namanzi emvula. Ingozi ngokwengeziwe zezakhiwo zangaphakathi zophahla ophahleni, ziqongelela ngaphansi kwemingcele yokuhlanganiswa kophahla lapho amazinga okushisa ehla.
Ama-mempbranes angavimba amanzi asetshenziselwa ukuvikela ophahleni olufakiwe. Lokhu kuyinto emncane futhi engasindi ebonakalayo efana nendwangu. Okungenani izinhlobo ezintathu zolwelwesi zimelelwa emakethe. Ama-membrane okuqala - ahlukanisa ama-micropeproser. Bamunca ama-micropores omswakama. Ngokunyuka komoya lokushisa komoya, umswakama uphuma.
Uhlobo lwesibili, ulwelwesi lwe-PVC, lwenziwa ngefilimu kusuka ku-polyvinyl chloride ebekwe kugridi yokuqinisa. I-PVC film materproof, nama-condensate Drop roll kusuka lapho ungahlela khona ukuqoqwa kwamanzi. Uhlobo lwesithathu, ulwelwesi lwe-EPDM lwesizukulwane esisha, senziwa ngerabha yokwenziwa ngokungezwa kwama-polymers. Umgomo wokusebenza uyefana ne-PVC, kepha kunezinzuzo ezengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, ulwelwesi lwe-EPDM alulahli amandla efrijini. Imvamisa, izinto ezinikeza izinto ezingezwa ezinye izakhiwo zokuvikela zengezwa ekwakhekeni kokwenziwa kwamafilimu - ngokwesibonelo, antipyrenes aphazamisa umlilo.
Ulwelwesi olungenamanzi lubekwe ngaphansi kwenhlanganisela yophahla ngaphezulu kwesendlalelo sokushisa sokushisa.
5 kusuka ku-Noise
Ukuze kufakwe kahle umsindo, basebenzisa ulwelwesi lwe-membrane lomsindo. Ifilimu elincanyana lenziwe ngerabha le-polymer ngokungezwa kwezinto zokwakha umsindo wemvelo, njengezicucu ezivela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zamaminerali. Ungqimba lwenjoloba lunikeza i-membrane elatimity futhi kusiza umsebenzi wokufaka.
Ulwelwesi olunemisindo lubekwe ngaphezulu kokungena kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zezinto ezikhethekile lapho ufaka ophahleni, indima yesendlalelo se-soundproofing ivame ukuthathwa kwezinye izinto. Izakhiwo eziphakeme ze-acoustic zinezinto zokufakwa kwe-fibrous zokufakwa okushisayo, ezinjenge-basalt Ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe kunganikeza izinhlobo ezihlukile zophahla - abanye abakhiqizi bamathayili ensimbi amboze amashidi ngokwakheka okuhle.
Ukuvikelwa kophahla okungu-6 kusuka eqhweni nase-Icing
Ngedivayisi efanelekile yophahla, iqhwa limboza uphahla olunesendlalelo esibushelelezi futhi asincibiliki kuze kube yilapho izinga lokushisa lomoya emgwaqweni lizokhuphuka nge-zero. Iqhwa liwukufakelwa kwemvelo, futhi akukufanele ukuwususe ophahleni.
Uma iqhwa ophahleni luhlala futhi luncibilika futhi amasimu eqhwa avela ebusweni, kungenzeka ukuthi kunamaphutha lapho ufaka ungqimba lokufakelwa kokushisa. Uma uphahla lufakwe kahle futhi akukho ukuqhekeka kokufakwa okushisayo, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu lokuqukethwe kophahla luhambelana nokushisa komoya kanye neqhwa ophahleni kungancibiliki.
Izisombululo ezikhona, njengokufakwa kwezintambo zokufudumeza, kuyabiza, kepha ngobukhulu akusizi ukuxazulula inkinga. Izindleko zokufaka ikhebula lokufudumeza phezu kwayo yonke ingaphezulu yophahla zizodlula kakhulu ukuchitha imali kwi-amplication kanye nokubuyiselwa okuphelele kokushisa okuvinjelwe ungqimba. Ungakhohlwa lokho ngogesi, uchithe ekufuneni uphahla kuzodingeka ukhokhe njalo. Ngakho-ke, izintambo zokufudumeza ziyisixazululo esihle kakhulu sokulwa nezimpawu zama-cornices kuma-cornices kanye ne-icing yohlelo lokukhipha, kepha izindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokufakelwa.
