Ngokubambisana nochwepheshe, sibhekana nesizathu esizoba ngcono ngenxa yocingo oluvela kugridi, ishidi lochwepheshe kwikholomu yensimbi nasezitini, futhi lisho ngezici zenqwaba yocingo.
Ukuphuculwa kwesiza ngeke kuqedwe ngaphandle kocingo. Ungakhetha kusuka kunombolo enkulu yezinketho zokulungisana: kusuka ku-grid ye-grid-slaza kuya emathatini kanye nezindonga ezenziwe ngetshe lemvelo. Kodwa-ke, zonke izinketho zinesici esisodwa esijwayelekile: Ukuxhaswa okuthembekile kuyadingeka, okuzovikela ukwakheka ekuguguleni nasekuhlanzeni inhlabathi, kanye nokukhubazeka kwesizini. Ochwepheshe Isikole Sokulungiswa "Lerua Merlen" bakhuluma ngezinketho zesisekelo ngaphansi kocingo ngensimbi kanye nezitini.
Ungawenza kanjani isisekelo esithembekile socingo lwendawo
Kungani udinga izinsika, izinto zokwakha zonaIzinhlobo zezisekelo
1. Uthango oluvela kugridi
2. Uthango oluvela kuchwepheshe
3. I-Pile Base
Ukukhetha izinto zezinsika
Iningi locingo elenza ephepheni lephrofayili, amapuleti e-stacate wokhuni, izinhlobo ezahlukene zegridi, kanye nama-lattices ezenziwe ngezinduku zensimbi, anombono ofanayo. Izinto eziphambili - amabhodi, amashidi noma izinduku - ezinamathiselwe ku-Longtudinal Lags, zakha isigaba. Izicucu ezitholwe ngale ndlela kufanele zifakwe ngokuqondile nangokuphephile zikulungise. Kulesi sigaba kunamathiselwe kumakholomu. Iningi livame ukuthola izikhungo ezivela ezintweni zeshidi, i-mesh kanye nama-lattices, kusetshenziswa izitini zensimbi kanye nezitini.
Ukuzikhethela phakathi kwensimbi nezitini akunazo izindlela ezicacile, ngaphandle komthamo ophathwe ngesakhiwo. Namuhla, isixazululo se- "Hybrid" sisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezwe, lapho iNkansi yensimbi isebenza njengenduku yokuxhaswa okwenziwe ngezitini ezihlobisa.
Ofonwe yizinto ezisindayo, kanye nezakhiwo eziphakeme ezivela ezintweni ezingasindi ezikwenza umthwalo obalulekile womoya, kudingeka ukusekelwa okuthembekile. Kulokhu, insika yezitini esisekelweni esinamandla nesinokwethenjelwa ngepayipi eliqinile lensimbi lizoba yisixazululo esisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Lapho ukhetha isisekelo sezinsika, umthamo wokuthela futhi udlala indima ebalulekile. Sizotshela ngezindlela ezintathu zesabelomali zokwakha isisekelo esithembekile.
Izinhlobo ezi-3 zesisekelo socingo
Amaphrojekthi ngamunye amathathu anezimpawu zawo kanye nomugqa owodwa ojwayelekile - noma yiziphi zalezi zisekelo ezingaphansi kocingo zingaqoqwa ngezandla zakho.1. Ukuthola uthango kusuka kugridi kumakholomu wensimbi
Igridi ingenye yezinto ezilula kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kocingo, okungeke kubonakale khona umthwalo womoya. Ngokwesisindo esifushane, uthango oluvela kugridi aludingi izinsikazi eziqinile kanye nesisekelo esinamandla.
Ukuze uthole ilungiselelo, uthango lusetshenziselwa ukwesekwa kusuka kupayipi lensimbi elinobubanzi obungamamilimitha angama-42 ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-1.5 kuya ku-2,5. Zifakwe ekujuleni kwemitha eyi-1. Ngokusho kwenye yezindlela ezitholakele, umgodi uchithwe ngaphambi kokufaka insika emhlabathini, ububanzi obuphindwe kabili bepayipi.
Ngemuva kokufaka amapayipi, cishe uhhafu wezimbobo ulale ngemfucumfucu ukudala ama-drainage. Ngemuva kwalokho ngaphezulu kwemfucumfucu ehlanganisiwe ebusweni benhlabathi kwathela ungqimba lukakhonkolo. I-Cushion kusuka ku-Rubble ithatha amandla okuphela kwezikhathi ezithile zenhlabathi ngenxa yenqubo ye-frosty poder futhi ayivumeli ukuphambuka eksishini emile.
Kuzinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi zenhlabathi, ngokwesibonelo, ubumba obumanzi, ubuchwepheshe bungangezwa ngomgodi lapho kuvulwa "ingilazi" engangeni manzi ngephansi elingafakwanga. Isilinda esivela eRubbeoid sibekwe emthonjeni, bese sifaka ukusekelwa, ukubheka inqubo yenqubo echazwe ngenhla.
2. Uthango oluvela ephepheni lochwepheshe kwikholamu yensimbi noma yezitini
Ishidi elinamaphrofayili liyinto ethandwayo yokuphakama kocingo kusuka ku-1.8 kuya kumamitha ayi-2,5. Uma ufisa, ukuphakama kwesakhiwo kungandiswa ngokubeka amashidi ajwayelekile emigqeni emibili ngokuqondile. Abakhiqizi beshidi abahleliwe bahlinzeka ngemibala ecebile - emhlophe, eluhlaza okotshani, onsundu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu kanye nabanye. Kunethuba lokuthenga i-polyester Professional Professional Professional kanye nemiphumela ehlukahlukene yokuhlobisa, ngokwesibonelo, ngokulingisa kwama-masonry kusuka etsheni lemvelo noma esakhiweni semvelo semvelo.
Uthango oluvela kwiqabunga lobuchwepheshe lungafakwa kwinsimbi noma ngezitini ezisekelayo, kanye nasezigxotsheni zezitini ngenduku yensimbi.
Ububanzi bezinhlaka bukhethwa ngokuya ngokuphakama nobukhulu beshidi. Insimbi yethulwa ngezinguqulo ezimbili - kusuka ku-tube yesikwele ne-round tube. Ukuthola uthango lwamamitha ayi-1.8-2 ukuphakama nge-tube yesikwele ngengxenye yesiphambano ye-80x80 mm noma ishubhu eliyindilinga elinobubanzi obungu-51 mm we-3 mm. Ngokufakwa kocingo ngokwakho, kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa izinsika eziqediwe zamamitha ayi-2,5 ukuphakama, okufakwe ama-plugs ekugcineni okuphezulu kanye nama-fasteners akhethekile weqabunga lochwepheshe. Izinduna zikuvumela ukuthi ubeke amashidi ngaphandle kwe-log endeitudinal.
I-Ribbon yekhonkolo eqinisiwe isebenza njengesisekelo esithembekile socingo oluphezulu oluvela ohlwini lwephrofayili. I-conkcrete iqiniswe insimbi noma ukuqiniswa kwenhlanganisela kanye ngaso sonke isikhathi sesisekelo. Ukujula kwesisekelo se-Ribbon kocingo kuleli cala kusuka kusuka ku-30 kuye ku-70 cm, kuya ngohlobo lwenhlabathi kanye nezinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Thola ukuthi la mapharamitha asiza ubungcweti ngokuzibandakanya kochwepheshe.
Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwesisekelo esakhiweni, phawula umaki wokunquma inani lezixhako. Ibanga phakathi kwabo livame ukulingana nobude bomuntu ochwepheshe kanye namamitha ayi-2. Lapho-ke kulo lonke i-perimeter ukumba umsele kusuka kuma-25 kuye kwangama-40 cm
Ngemuva kokufaka amakholomu, aqhutshwa ekujuleni okuncane. Ukulungisa ukwesekwa endaweni ngaphambi kokugcwaliswa, kuvame ukuba ngu-20 cm ngokwanele. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukufakwa kufakwa emseleni. Ngezansi komsele, udale umcamelo wesihlabathi. Ngemuva kokuhlanganisa, isihlabathi sichithe amanzi futhi simatasa kuze kube yilapho ungqimba lutholakala okungenani ama-10 cm ubukhulu. Esigabeni esilandelayo, amafomu akhiwe emseleni. Esigabeni sokugcina ku-formwork, isixazululo sangaphambi kokhonkolo sokusekelwa kocingo sithululiwe, lapho itshe elichotshoziwe lengxenyana elingajulile lixubekile. Kulesi sigaba, ukulawula kokugcina kokunemba kokufakwa kwekholomu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa izinga lokwakha.
Ngemuva kokuphothula umsebenzi, kuyadingeka ukwenza ikhefu lobuchwepheshe isonto lonke ukuze ukhonkolo uthole amandla athole amandla. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungasusa amafomu.
3. Isisekelo kusuka ku-Screw Piles yazo zonke izinhlobo zocingo
Ukuthektha ku-Screw Piles kuyinto ubuchwepheshe obusha bokwakhiwa komuntu ngamunye. I-Pile Foundation inezinzuzo eziningana phambi kweteyiphu: izindleko ezingabizi kakhulu, inani elincane lomhlaba, ukulula kanye nokusebenza kahle kokufakwa. Kungacatshangelwa ubunzima obuthile ukuthi izesekeli azihlobene. Ngenxa yalesi sici, imvume phakathi kocingo nomhlabathi awuvaliwe, njengasesimweni sesisekelo seteyipu. Kodwa-ke, lesi sici sinxephezelwa ngokulungiswa okuhlala isikhathi eside kwamaphayiphu aphansi ngaphansi kokujula kokudonsa, okuvikela ngocingo ngemiphumela ye-frosty powder. Ngenxa yalokhu, umklamo onjalo ubulungisa isikhathi eside ukwedlula uthango ngezinsika ezihlanganisiwe -Ukuhle.
Ngocingo olukhanyayo kusuka eqoqweni kanye neshidi lochwepheshe lifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-2 kusebenza ama-57-millimeter pils. Ngemiklamo esindayo nephakeme emathumbu ensimbi kanye nezitini, kusetshenziswa amanqwaba anamandla anobubanzi obungu-76 mm.
I-Screw Piles ifakwe ngomshini kusetshenziswa amadrayivu akhethekile. Lo msebenzi ungenziwa ngesandla ngabantu ababili ngokusetshenziswa kwama-levers noma isikhafu. I-verticality yokufakwa ilawulwa yileveli ye-bubble ene-magnetic sole.
Izigxobo ezivela kwipayipi lensimbi zivunyelwe ukunamathiselwa kuma-shile shanks ngosizo lwe-welding kagesi. Ukubeka ukwesekwa okuvela esitini, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ama-shanks ngaphansi kwezinga lenhlabathi futhi uqinise phezu kwamagilavu - amasayithi akhethekile asebenzela ukukhweza ama-welds ahlelwe ngaphezulu kwezakhiwo. Uma kunesidingo, yenza umsebenzi wezitini, okuvala i-lumen phakathi komenyezwa kocingo kanye nomhlabathi, ama-pile shanks axhunywe esihlathini sensimbi esisezingeni eliphansi, elisebenza njengesisekelo senhlabathi.
