Isizathu sokubhala le ndatshana kwakungumusho ofundwe kwelinye lamasayithi okwakha: "Izindlu zezitini zakhiwa ngobuchwepheshe obuchithe amakhulu eminyaka, okusho ukuthi amaphutha abulalayo anzima ..."
Photo: Ivan Sorokin, Abalobi beProjekthi Olga Konykin, ekaterina Ivanova
Lapho uhlangana ne- "haspecory" enjalo, ukhumbula amakamelo asele ezitini angemihlekile, ezindongeni zazo ezakhelwe imifantu, ingaphansi laligcwele izikhukhula, ukubekwa kwaqoqwa ngenxa yekhwalithi empofu yodonga. Kepha konke lokhu kungumsebenzi wabasebenzi, kanye nokulahleka kwezezimali okubalulekile kwamakhasimende, kanye namaphupho abo angafinyeleleki esidleke sangempela. Ochwepheshe emkhakheni wezokwakha bangahola izibonelo eziningi zezenzo, ezibonisa ukuthi ezakhiweni zezitini zibonisa ukuthi amaphutha ezitini avuma ukusayina isigwebo sentambo ngaphansi kokwakha noma ukwakhiwa okwenziwe ngomumo. Kulesi sihloko, ngeke sithinte ukubalwa komklamo wendlu. Umsebenzi wethu ukusho ngamaphutha awenziwayo ngesikhathi sokwakha.
Photo: Kadmy / fotolia.com
Esiteji sokukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo
Ukusuka ekukhetheni izitini kuncike ekuthembekeni nasekuqukeni kwezindonga zendlu. Ukwakhiwa kwe-cottage kusetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningana zalokhu okuqukethwe: isitini se-ceramic ceramic (esigcwele ne-hollow), itshe lesithungi, elinamandla le-ceramic pour roel. Owokuqala yibha elibomvu elibomvu, ngaphandle kwezimbobo, epulini kusuka ku-8 kuye kwayi-12% futhi usebenza njengesisekelo se-masonry. Ngokusho kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, izitini zepulasitiki nezomile zihlukaniswa. Uhlobo lwesitini lwesibili alunakusetshenziselwa ukwakha izisekelo, izisekelo, uthango. Isitini se-hollow ejwayelekile sihlukile ngoba sinawo futhi singenawo ama-voids angewona aphansi, okuyindilinga, kancane, i-oval noma isikwele. Izimbobo zakha i-13-43% yevolumu yezitini. Isendlalelo somoya sangaphakathi sinciphisa ukushintshaniswa kokushisa phakathi kwesikhala sendlu kanye nomgwaqo, ngakho-ke izindonga ezivela ezintweni eziyize zifudumele kunasezingeni eliphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitini esiyize singu-25- 40% kalula, okunciphisa umthwalo kwisisekelo. Izindonga ezivela ezitini ezijwayelekile ze-ceramic (futhi zigcwele, futhi eziyize) zidinga ukuqinisekiswa okulandelayo okulandelayo noma okubheke phambili.
Kuncane kakhulu ukusebenzisa isitini esibi esikhiqizwa kusuka kwingxube ye-lime ne-quartz sand. Ukuze uthole amandla kanye nezimpawu zokufakwa okuzwakalayo, kudlula izitini ze-ceramic, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokumuncwa kwamanzi okuphezulu, indawo yesicelo sayo ilinganiselwe. Muva nje, esikhundleni sezitini zendabuko, itshe le-ceramic liya ngokuya lisetshenziswa (likhethwe block). Imikhiqizo Emikhulu Yefomethi Yenza lula zonke izinqubo zezobuchwepheshe: Inani elincane lesixazululo liyadingeka, isikhathi sokwakha sincishisiwe. Kepha inzuzo eyinhloko ye-block iyinhlangano ephansi evuthayo enamandla alingana no-0.29 w / m ● ° C (esitini esilula 0.39-0.42 w / m ● ° C. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukubeka izindonga ngobukhulu be-64 cm ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukufakwa: itshe elaliphelile kanye ne-facade trim ebheke ezitini.
Ukuvikela ama-brick facade, ukufakwa kwe-silicone ye-silicophone kusetshenziswa kumswakama. Uma ukucubungulwa kungakwenziwanga ngesikhathi futhi kwavela, zingasuswa, zingasuswa yizinto ezisebenzayo kanye nabahlanza i-acid. Photo: "Krako"
Ekukhiqizweni kwazo zombili izitini zendabuko kanye netshe elidwetshiwe, ubuchwepheshe bezinto zokukhiqiza bungaphulwa, futhi kungafaneleki ukwakhiwa.
Isibonelo, icala laziwa lapho itshe le-ceramic ebekiwe, lapho kwakhiwa khona indawo yokuhlala i-cottage kwakhiwa ePendulum yeKovye, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile kwaqala "ukudubula" (ama-chip avele kuwo). Ngesikhathi sokuqulwa kwecala eliyinkimbinkimbi futhi eside, unjiniyela ngokwesisekelo socwaningo lwelebhu waphathwa ukufakazela ubuchwepheshe bokwephula umthetho. Kuliqiniso, lesi sibonelo asikuphazamiseki nganoma iyiphi indlela ekuzuzeni kwezinto zokwakha. Isibhedlela - Khetha ukuyikhetha.
Indlela elula yokuthola ikhwalithi yesitini iyabonakala. Uma ubona ukuthi umnyombo unombala ocebile ukwedlula indawo yangaphandle, futhi lapho isitini sishaywa, ukukhala kusatshalaliswa, bese kuthi ngekhwalithi yayo ungaqiniseka. Lapho umsindo uyisithulu, futhi umbala wesinaphi noma ebusweni kukhona amabala, kusho ukuthi isitini asibizi. Imikhiqizo enjalo ihlukaniswa ngokumelana nesithwathwa esiphansi futhi ithambekele emthanjeni ongemuhle womswakama.
1 - Brickwork; 2 - I-Primer yokungena; 3 - Dowel; 4 - Ukufakelwa okushisayo; 5 - Glue; 6 - Iphrofayili ekhoneni; 7 - I-fiberboard enethayili; 8 - Isixazululo; 9 - Primer; Iphrofayili eyi-10 - Isisekelo; 11 - Ungqimba lukadaka. Ukubona ngeso lengqondo: Igor Smirhagin / Burda Media
Izitini ezihloliwe zizoba nemiphetho emnyama, encibilikile, ubuso obumnandi. Izinto ezinjalo nazo zithathwa njengephutha (kukhubazeka kakhulu, futhi ubukhulu bawo musa ukubekezelela ukubekezelela okubekelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho, izitini zizodilizwa) futhi azilungele ukwakhiwa. Uma sikhuluma ngemibandela yezobuchwepheshe yokukhetha impahla, khona-ke amandla alo kubalulekile, okuboniswa yincwadi m ngokuhlanganiswa nedijithi ekhombisa umthwalo omkhulu we-KG / CM2. Amandla wesitini aphezulu - 300 kg / cm2. Kodwa-ke, ekwakhiweni kwendlu ekhewini elinokuphakama kwezitezi ezimbili noma ezintathu, uhlobo lwe-M100 lwanele. Omunye umfanekiso obalulekile wezitini ungukumelana nesithwathwa (amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo ukumelana nezinye izindlela zokuqamba nokuncipha ezweni eligcwele amanzi). Kukhonjiswa incwadi F. Okwenziwa ekwakhiweni okuphakathi kweRussia, ochwepheshe bancoma ukusebenzisa isitini nge-f35, futhi okungcono - F50.
Photo: Vadim KovalEV / Burda Media
Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukubukeka kwamanzi egumbini elingaphansi
Yakha indlu enesisekelo esingaphansi noma esitezi esingaphansi esitezi lapho izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba lingaphansi kwamamitha ayi-2 ukusuka ebusweni, futhi nethemba kuphela lokufaka amanzi angena ngaphansi kodonga oluyisisekelo (ngaphandle kohlelo lokudonsa amanzi) - Iphutha lokudonsa amanzi) - iphutha le-rock. Imiphumela emibandela engayihola, umbhali wale migqa muva nje wabona kwenye yezinto esifundeni saseMoscow. Indlu yezitini entsha, ehlukaniswe kahle yi-capinker facade, futhi egumbini elingaphansi entwasahlobo nasekwindla kukhona amanzi. Lapho abameleli bezokwakha befika kuleyo ndawo baqala ukuqonda, kwavela ukuthi indlu yasungulwa ngaphandle kwephrojekthi ethuthukiswe kakhulu, futhi kwaholwa ngumsebenzi wenduna wenza amaphutha amaningi. Isibonelo, isisekelo savikeleka kumswakama ngongqimba oluncane lokufaka amanzi ngamanzi, kanye nezimbobo ezivela kuma-dowels agcina amafomu aqhubeka evulekile. Umphathi waqinisekisa umnikazi ukuthi uma sinamathela amashidi okufakelwa okushisayo ngaphezulu, khona-ke uvala izimbobo namanzi ngeke angene egumbini elingaphansi. Ikhasimende elikhohlisayo lawa engxabanweni ekhokholisayo: "Yakhiwa njalo, futhi konke kwakuhamba kahle."Mhlawumbe konke kuzolunga uma ukudonsa kwenziwa kahle kahle. Kepha i-brigade yenziwe ngaphandle kwephrojekthi, ukubambelela emthambekeni, njll. Ngenxa yalokho, okuqongelelana kahle kwagcwala amanzi, futhi amanzi aya egumbini elingaphansi. U-Eksodusi wabulala. Futhi isigwebo sobuchwepheshe bokwakha sizwakala kanjena: ukweqa ikhekhe likaphayi ukuze lingene manzi, ukulenza lisezingeni eliphakeme futhi lihlele uhlelo olusha lokudonsa ngenombolo enkulu yokubuka imithombo nokuphoqelelwa okuvela ethangini eliqongelayo. Kepha endaweni efanelekile, kuzokwenzeka ukubeka amapayipi amanzi ngaphandle kwayo yonke indawo, ngakho-ke, njengoba sibona, akuzona zonke izinto ezingezinhle ezingalungiswa.
Yini engakwazi ukukusindisa
Esabhileni zezitini zasendlini, njengoba imibukiso yokuzijwayeza, imvamisa kunephutha elilodwa liheha elinye, futhi ukulungisa isimo, kufanele ufike "kwimithombo". Futhi "imithombo" ibhekwa njengocwaningo lwezwe, okumele lwenziwe endaweni yokwakhiwa okuzayo ngisho nangaphambi kokuthuthukiswa kwephrojekthi. Izindlela ezilungiselelwe zisiza ukunquma izici zenhlabathi kanye nezinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, futhi futhi zisebenza njengesisekelo sokukhetha uhlobo lwesisekelo nokubala ukujula kokushumeka kwalo. Nasi isibonelo esivela emkhakheni wochwepheshe obonisa ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi kungaba khona yini imiphumela.
Esendaweni yezwe, kwakhiwa indlu yezitini ngaphandle kocwaningo lwezwe. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukungena kuyo kuphela, kepha aqale ukuqeda: Ngaphansi, ngisho nasehlobo kukhona amanzi, nezindonga zimbozwe imifantu. Siyini isizathu? Ekukhetheni okungalungile kohlobo lwesisekelo. Mhlawumbe isiza akuyona nje izinga eliphakeme lamanzi aphansi komhlaba, futhi kule ndawo okugeleza ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngokuzethemba, kunzima ukubiza isizathu esiqondile, noma kunjalo, umphumela ophasekisayo usobala. Futhi leli yiphutha elibulalayo kunazo zonke - indlu kuzodingeka ukuthi ikuhlukanise ngokuphelele futhi yakha kabusha, manje sekuvele kube nesipiliyoni, esaziwayo, "indodana yamaphutha anzima".
Isithombe: Atelier Iron Studio
Esigabeni sesisekelo nesisekelo
Ake sixoxe ngengxenye elandelayo yamaphutha. Isisindo esingu-1 m2 sodonga lwezitini singu-1200-2000 kg, oludinga idivaysi yezisekelo, ukuphela kwayo okuphansi kunokujula kwenhlabathi (yesifunda saseMoscow - ngaphansi kwe-1.5 m). Uma isitezi esingaphansi sihlelelwe noma singaphansi kwesisekelo, khona-ke ukusikwa okujulile bese uthele isisekelo se-monolithic. Okwamanje yenza amaphutha ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi okubulalayo. Noma ngabe isisekelo senzelwe kahle kahle, kepha abakhi ababanga isikhathi sokuklama sabo (SP ka-70.13330.2012) futhi baqala ukuyilayisha eziyisikhombisa - ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngemuva kokuthulula (ezinsukwini eziyishumi ngemuva kokuthulula (ukuchitha izimbotshana), imifantu kungavela kusisekelo.
Ukwephulwa kwezidingo ze-snip ku-masonry yamatshe: isitini lapho isisekelo sabekwa khona isivele saqala ukuwa; Ubukhulu bomthungo bebengahlonishwa, okunciphise ukusebenza kahle kokushisa namandla ezindonga zendlu; Isibonelo esijwayelekile sesindonga "esishisayo" sendlu. Photo: "Ikhwalithi Yobuchwepheshe Ezimele Yokwakha"
Isiteji esilandelayo esilandelayo ukufakwa emanzini okuyisisekelo (kanye nesisekelo) kanye nedivayisi yohlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Uma ungavikeli ukhonkolo emphumeleni womswakama, lapho, emukele kuma-pores awo, ngesikhathi sokuqaqa amanzi azokwanda, okuzoholela ekwakhekeni kwama-microcracks lapho umswakama ozothathwa khona esisekelweni. Kungakho kunesidingo sokwenza amanzi amile amile futhi avundlile. Amaphutha kulesi sigaba ahlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingafanele noma ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe bokubekwa kwazo. Isibonelo, ama-hydrokotkloxylazol rolls kumele angezelwe kungaphansi kosuku egumbini elinokushisa kuka-20 ° C C. Imvamisa abakhi abazinaki le mfuneko, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukubekwa kwenziwa ngokwephulwa. Esinye isibonelo somshado wokwakha. Zonke izikhala zesisekelo ngaphambi kokwenza amanzi kufanele zomiswe amanzi (umswakama ovunyelwe hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-5%) futhi i-primer ihlubuke kakhulu. Ekwenzeni, ngenxa yezimo zezulu noma ukunganaki, izisebenzi zivame ukubanjwa ngamanga zithambekele ezisekelweni ezaliwe. Kunzima kakhulu ukufeza ukulungiswa kwalo okuthembekile kuleli cala. Bese-ke - "Umgodi wamanzi uzohlala uthola" futhi ingaphansi lizogcwalisa ekhaya. Ngokungeziwe ku-vertical, kuyadingeka ukwenza okuvundlile (okubizwa ngokuthi yi-Cutrontal) Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Hydro, okudingekayo ukuvikela izindonga ezingaphansi nendlu kusuka kumswakama wenhlabathi ungene esisekelweni sesisekelo. Kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa ekwephulweni, ngokuvamile ukhohlwa ukubeka. Ngokwemithetho yokwakha, ezakhiweni ezingafinyeleleki, ukunqunyelwa kwamanzi okusikiwe kufanele kwenziwe kwiyunithi eyisisekelo (njengomthetho, 20 cm ngaphezulu kwezinga lesigcawu). Ezindlini ezinama-cellars, kufanelekile ezindaweni ezimbili - esisekelweni sephansi lesitezi nakwisisekelo sesakhiwo, ngaphezulu kwezinga lesehlakalo.
Namuhla, kuvame kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwendlu yezitini kusetshenziswa ama-masonry amathathu. Kungaqondiswa zombili ngasikhathi sinye ngezingqimba ezintathu futhi ngokwahlukana, okungukuthi, okokuqala songa udonga lomthwali wangaphakathi, bese luzofakwa khona futhi libe nokubhekana. Kepha into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungakhohlwa ukubeka imininingwane yempahla ebanjiswayo (ukuxhumana okuguquguqukayo). Ngokukuncono ngensimbi yensimbi yensimbi, ukufaka isinyathelo esingama-60 cm ovundlile no-60 cm mpo. Babopha phakathi kwabo odongeni olunethayo ebheke ungqimba lomsebenzi wezitini ngobukhulu obungu-120 mm. Kwesinye isikhathi abakhi 'bakhohlwa' ukuqinisekisa ukuthambekela kwe-vapor yesakhiwo. Imvamisa isebenzisa ukuthambekela okushisayo okushisayo - 25-35 kg / m3. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iyahlanza, futhi udonga lulahlekelwa ukushisa nezindawo zokuvikela. Sincoma ukusebenzisa ukufakwa kobuningi be-80 kg / m3. Phakathi kwalo nodonga lwangaphandle kudingeka kushiye i-ventir engu-5 cm, kanye nasesisekelweni nangaphansi kwe-cornice ukwenza izimbobo zokungena ngaphakathi kwesendlalelo sangaphandle.
Alexander Shukhatovich
Uchwepheshe oholayo Buza "Ummeli Wekhwalithi"
Esigabeni sokubeka izindonga
Kulesi sigaba, amaphutha anjalo afana nokuhlanekezela kwejometri yezindonga, ukungalandeli kwe-diagonals kuvame kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, izindonga ziqala "ukuwa". Ngokushesha lapho kubonakala khona iphutha le-masonry, kuzoba lula ukukulungisa. Okunye ukwephulwa, okuvunyelwe ngesikhathi somsebenzi wobumbano, ukubulawa kwekhwalithi esezingeni elifanele. Kwesinye isikhathi izisebenzi zikholelwa ukuthi uma ukubekwa kunzima, awukwazi ukuzama, ngoba lapho izindonga zihlukaniswe izitini zobuso. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ayilungile. Nazi izidingo eziyisisekelo okufanele zibonwe lapho zakha izindonga.Izindonga ziqala ukwakha amakhona. Ukunemba kwamakhona okwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo kuvivinywa amalahle. Ukuvundlile komugqa ngamunye wama-masonry okungenani kabili ukubusa kanye nezinga. Uma ukuphambuka kungakwedlule umkhawulo osunguliwe, kuqedwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokucwaninga kochungechunge olulandelayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlukanise uchungechunge lwe- "CHECTIVE" (amazinga). Nganoma iyiphi inguqulo yokubekwa kwamakhona emakhoneni omjikelezo, ama-piches kufanele awele, akha ilokhi. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala wasukuma umugqa wokuqala wodonga olulodwa bese unamathisela kuwo umugqa wokuqala wodonga lwesibili. Umugqa olandelayo ufakwa ngakolunye uhlangothi: Okokuqala - inqwaba yodonga lwesibili futhi kuphela lapho umugqa wesibili wodonga lokuqala unamathiselwe kulo. Enye inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu yezobuchwepheshe ukuqiniswa kwama-masonry ukwandisa amandla. Ngale njongo, ukuqiniswa kwensimbi (igridi ye-welded) kuthambekele kwikhambi kuma-seams phakathi kwezitini okungenani ngemuva kwezitini ezinhlanu lapho usebenzisa izitini zendabuko. Ngokuqondene netshe elikhulu le-ceramic itshe, izidingo zokuqiniswa kwezindonga zezindonga ziqukethwe ezincomeni zabakhiqizi balo mkhiqizo.
Izinhlobo zama-seams
- Umthungo phakathi kwezitini wenziwa ngezindlela eziningi:
- Embukisweni wemfucumfucu - ikhambi aliphinde lithathe umkhawulo ebusweni bangaphandle bezitini, bese kuqhubeka isikhathi se-slot. Le ndlela isetshenziswa lapho udonga luhlelelwe ukubekwa. Ingxube yokubumba isembozwe kwigebe, kuzoba ngcono ukuhlala odongeni.
- ESulica, ikhambi ligcwalisa igebe lidonswe ngobuso bezitini. Umthungo walolu hlobo wenziwa lapho ubeka ama-chimneys namapayipi endawo yomlilo, futhi futhi esetshenziswa njengokuhlobisa.
- Wahamba noma wehla "ukubuka" okungenamthungo. Ekwenzeni okokuqala faka ukusikwa okuncane kweshubhu noma induku eyindilinga. Ukuthola umthungo we-convex, ingxenye yobuso igawulwe ku-tube.
Qiniseka ukuthi uhlola ubukhulu be-seams, ugxile kwinkomba eyisilinganiso yemigqa emihlanu-eyisithupha yama-masonry: ukuphakama kwama-masonry kuhlukaniswe ngenani lemigqa futhi kusuka kumphumela otholiwe, ukushuba kwezitini kuyakhishwa. Ubukhulu obujwayelekile bokuphamba okuvundlile ngaphakathi kokuphakama kwaphansi kufanele kube ngu-12 mm, futhi mpo - 10 mm. Noma yikuphi ukunganaki kulolu daba kungaholela eqinisweni lokuthi ubukhulu bomthungo oguquguqukayo ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zodonga kuzodala ama-voltages akhuphukile kuma-maronry. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokubekwa, umthungo udinga ukugcwaliswa ngokushesha ngesisombululo futhi uqondise (ukwahlukanisa). Ama-Stufficed Stuffied Seams yiphutha elibucayi yokwakha, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla ezizakhi zezakhiwo ze-masonry nezokushisa zokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokubonakala kwemifantu ezindongeni ngamaphutha ekwakhiweni kwesisekelo. Ukunquma ukuthi kungakanani okukodwa noma okunye ukuqhekeka futhi kungenzeka ukusindisa indlu, kufanelekile ukuxhumana nochwepheshe. Bazolihlola kahle isakhiwo, bazosungula izimbangela zokuqhekeka futhi bazonikeza izincomo ezidingekayo. Imvamisa, imifantu emincane ihlanjululwa izixazululo eziyinsalela nothuli, bese igcwele ngodaka kasimende oluwuketshezi usebenzisa iphampu yodaka. Imifantu ebanzi ilungiswa ngale ndlela: izingxenye zombuso olimele ziyahlukaniswa, bese zivala ngokulandelana ukuqhekeka kwalo lonke udonga olunezigaba ezihlukile njengezikhiye zezitini. Kwezinye izimo, udonga luqiniswa ngensimbi yensimbi.
Esigabeni sokuqeda
Imvamisa, ngesikhathi sokuqeda izindonga zangaphandle, abakhi bavuma amaphutha aholela ekubonakaleni kwamabala amhlophe - amasaha. Vele, ngeke ubabize babulale. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuqhathanisa nesifo esingamahlalakhona esidinga ukwelashwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuphakanyiswa. Onosawoti ku-facade kasawoti - hhayi hhayi ubuhle kuphela, kodwa hhayi into engenabungozi. Ukukhula kwamakristalu kasawoti kuma-pores okuqukethwe kuhambisana nokubhujiswa kwesitini. Izimpawu ezikwi-facades zakhiwa ngenxa yokuphuma ebusweni kanye nokristali kasawoti oqukethwe ezintweni zokwakha (emanzini, okufakwa kwikhambi kusixazululo uqobo, esitini). Njengasesimweni sanoma yisiphi isifo, kulula ukwenza ukuvimbela, kunokuba ukwelashwa.Okokuqala, ngesisombululo se-masonry, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa usimende ngosawoti ophansi nangaphandle kwezengezo (nokho, uma ukwakhiwa kwenziwa ngesikhathi esibandayo, ngaphandle kwezengezo ngeke kukwenze). Okwesibili, qiniseka ukuthi isixazululo asiweli engxenyeni yangaphambili yezitini (ngaphandle kwalokho kuyadingeka ukuyikhipha ngebhulashi elomile). Okwesithathu, ngesikhathi semvula awukwazi ukusebenza, futhi izindonga zidinga ukumbozwa ngefilimu. Okwesine, kubeke izingxenye zodonga (njengoba zikhula) Kuyadingeka ukucubungula njalo i-hydrophobizer (ukukhishwa kwamanzi). Ngemuva kwezinqubo ezinjalo, i-brick facade iba ukumelana kakhulu nemijikelezo yokuhlalisa, umswakama awuweli ngisho nokuqhekeka ngobubanzi be-1 mm. Amanzi awamunca ebusweni, ageleze kuwo.
Unganqoba kanjani izivikelo
Uma ukuphakama bekungeke kugwenywe, kufanele "ziphathwe". Ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali, i-zip i-heterogeneous: ayancibilika futhi ayancibilika. Indlela yendawo yonke yokususa labo nabanye ababikhona. Kepha ngaphambi kokwenza "isitha esimhlophe," kuyadingeka ukuthola isizathu sokubonakala kwaso. Ukulwa okusebenzayo nokutholwa kwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili. Owokuqala ukuhlanza i-facade ngendlela yamakhemikhali usebenzisa ama-acid akhethekile, ahlanganisa ama-acid kanye nama-surfactants aqeda ubukhulu. Indlela yokusebenzisa zonke izingoma icishe ifane: Isidakamizwa (sangaphambi kwamanzi, uma kuboniswa emyalweni), bafakwa odongeni ngebhulashi, ibhulashi noma i-roller, ibekezelele i-20-30 imizuzu, bese izinsalela zekhambi zidonswa ngamanzi. Isigaba sesibili (i-hydrophobization) ukuvikela ama-masonry kusuka ekungeni kokungena komswakama okunomthelela ekususeni usawoti kusuka ekukhulumeni kodonga. Ngale njongo, amakhompiyutha we-silicone (abicane) anikeza i-perlempuc yezakhiwo eziphindwe ngamanzi.
Izixazululo ezindongeni zikhuluma ngokwephulwa kokwakhiwa kwendlu yezitini. Photo: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Media
Njengoba kwakhiwa udonga, udinga ukumboza ngokushesha ama-hydrophobizer. Ngesikhathi semvula, umsebenzi wobumbano awunakwenziwa. Photo: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Media
Ukubekwa kwezindonga kwenziwa ngokwephulwa okukhulu. Ubukhulu bemithungo izikhathi ezi-2-3 eziphakeme kunezidingo zokulawula. Photo: "Ikhwalithi Yobuchwepheshe Ezimele Yokwakha"
Ukubekwa kwezindonga kwenziwa ngokwephulwa okukhulu. Ubukhulu bemithungo izikhathi ezi-2-3 eziphakeme kunezidingo zokulawula. Photo: "Ikhwalithi Yobuchwepheshe Ezimele Yokwakha"
Ukubekwa kwezindonga kwenziwa ngokwephulwa okukhulu. Ubukhulu bemithungo izikhathi ezi-2-3 eziphakeme kunezidingo zokulawula. Photo: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Media
Ukuhola kwama-masonry kusuka ekhoneni lama-beacons ngokugqoka okuphoqelekile kwemisipha. Photo: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Media
Ukumelana okuphezulu kokudluliswa kokushisa kwamabhulokhi ase-ceramic inxusa kukuvumela ukuthi wakhe indlu ngaphandle kokufakelwa, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokwakha. Photo: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Media
Ingaphezulu lodonga ngaphambi kokugobhoza ngokugeza (kwesobunxele) nangemva kwalo (kwesokudla). Photo: "Ama-Celers"
Ukulungiselela isisekelo sokuqeda. Emigodini ye-masonry drill. Photo: Saint-gobain
Ezimbolini zithathwa ekunikezelweni kwamanzi. Photo: Saint-gobain
Ngemuva komjovo wokufaka amanzi, ingaphezulu liphathwa ngodaka kasimende. Photo: Saint-gobain
Izitini masonry ngemuva kokwelashwa nge-hydrophobizer. Izitini ezingena ngaphakathi, ukwakheka kuvimba umphumela we-capillary. Photo: "Ama-Celers"
Izitini masonry ngemuva kokwelashwa nge-hydrophobizer. Izitini ezingena ngaphakathi, ukwakheka kuvimba umphumela we-capillary. Photo: "Ama-Celers"
Ukuvimbela amanzi okusikiwe okuvundlile kuvimbela ukuphakanyiswa komswakama okuyi-capillary kusuka kusisekelo sikakhonkolo ezindongeni. Ukubumba okubunjiwe kwe-Z Photo: Dörken.
Imodyuli eyenziwe nge-L ye-L Module yokubeka amanzi avale amanzi. Photo: Dörken.
Endaweni ebhukuda, uhlelo lokudonsa lukuvumela ukuthi wehlise izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kwendlu ongaphansi komhlaba futhi ususe ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic esakhiweni esingaphansi kwesakhiwo. Photo: Wavin.
Izici eziphambili zohlelo: Ukudla kwamapayipi, ukubonwa kanye nemithombo eqoqiwe. Ubuchwepheshe busho ukugcinwa kwe-rally, idivaysi yemicamelo ngaphansi kwama-drains, kanye ne-docking ethembekile yezingxenye. Photo: "Studio L-Design"
Ukuqhekeka odongeni lwesitezi esingaphansi kungenzeka ukuvala kuphela uma isisekelo sesizinzile futhi asisasebenzi kahle. Photo: Ipetron-Russia
Ukuqhekeka okumise okwenziwe nge-arc, okuhamba ngokuvuleka kwewindows, kuvame ukuvela ngenxa yokugoba kokugoba kwe-nessonic. Photo: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Media
Mpo kungumphumela wamaphutha lapho wakhe isisekelo. Photo: "Ikhwalithi Yobuchwepheshe Ezimele Yokwakha"
Endlini engaphansi yendlu eyakhelwe eyakhiwe ibiza amanzi. Izimbangela - ukuphazamiseka kobuchwepheshe obungenamanzi kanye nokuntuleka kohlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Photo: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Media
Lokhu yilokho okuholela emaphutheni amaphutha: Uphayi walodobi ahlangene nokufaka amanzi angangeni manzi ukuthi kuyadingeka ukwenza futhi. Photo: Tatyana Karakulova / Burda Media
Ama-masonry abunjiwe asho ucingo lwegebe lokungena komoya phakathi kokufakelwa kanye nodonga olubhekene. Photo: "Jetstroy"
