Ukubuka konke kwemiklamo ye-Inter Optionworkworkworkworkwork, kwakhiwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imishini yokuphakamisa kanye nesikhathi esifushane kakhulu
Yenza lula ukwakhiwa kwendlu yendlu kuzovumela ukwakhiwa okuhlukahlukene kokugqagqana, kwakhiwe emakethe, kwakhiwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imishini yokuphakamisa kanye nesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Kancane kwethiyori
Isidingo esikhulu, samanje ku-Overlap, amandla nokuqina. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukugcwala kufanele kubekezelele imithwalo elinganiselwe hhayi kuphela ngaphandle kokubhujiswa, kepha futhi ngaphandle kokuphambuka okubalulekile (inani elivumelekile lesikhathi sokugcina-1/100 sesikhathi), futhi ngeke kubuzwe, lokho akuguquki lapho Abantu bayahamba, behamba ifenisha ye-IT.p.
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1-6. Umphumela wenqubo "yokuziphendukela kwemvelo" ugcwele kusuka eBhodi 15050mm: Izindonga zokwehla (1, 2) zibekwe ezindongeni; Ekugxotsheni esigabeni sezinsika ezingama-600mm ezinamathela (3); UMatitsa Beams udale amabhodi ahlanganayo (4); Ngaphezulu kwama-lags abeka phansi phansi (5, 6).
Ukugqama kuyakhiwa, kususelwa kumanani wemithwalo esebenza kukho. Bayisiko ukuhlukanisa ukusatshalaliswa futhi bagxile. Umthwalo osatshalaliswa unqunywa lapho udweba iphrojekthi, inani lawo elawula amadokhumenti okulawulwa kwamanje: Sniva, Gost, Din IT.p.
Umthwalo ohlanganisiwe ubheka kuphela uma uzofaka into enesisindo esibaluleke kakhulu: upiyano (400-600kg), okugeza okubili (800-1200kg) noma ichibi elincane le-spa (kusuka kumathani ayi-1.5). Ngasikhathi sinye yikhona lokho kuba ukunquma ukubalwa kwamandla nokuphambuka kokugqagqana. Izibalo ezinjalo zenziwe zisebenzisa amatafula akhethekile noma izinhlelo zekhompyutha zenza ukuthi zikhethe hhayi kuphela ingxenye efanelekile yemishayo, kepha futhi nezinyathelo zazo zincane, zinamandla.
Siqhubekela phambili ekusebenzeni
Kuye impahla ekwakheni yangasese, izinhlobo ezimbili ukweqelana asetshenziselwa: sokhuni (ku imishayo yokhuni) noma kwagcizelela ukhonkolo (ku nemishayo, nemibundu, by amapuleti, Monolithic). Ukuvimba izikhala ezinkulu, imishayo yensimbi ivame ukusetshenziswa (isiteshi, 2-way).
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7-9. "I-Evolution" Technology yokwakha phansi imishayo ngokhuni: ugongolo olunamandla, olusebenze njengesisekelo se-log overlap ku-offer (7); ukunqwabelana kusuka kubha ye-150100mm (8); Ukugqagqana kwamapulangwe namabhodi 15050mm (9).
Akunasikhathi esilula senkinga, ukukhetha kobuchwepheshe bokugqagqana kuthonywa ngokuyinhloko yinto yezomnotho. I-ITO ayimangazi, ngoba izindleko zokugqagqana zingama-15-20% wentengo ephelele yendlu, nezindleko zabasebenzi ngesakhiwo sazo zingama-25% ezindleko zokwakha ibhilidi. Ngakho-ke, uma ukhetha i-Design-Scale-Scale design, ukuhlinzeka ngokusebenza okuphezulu ngokwanele kanye nokwethenjwa kokugqagqana, nobuchwepheshe obunengqondo, unganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokwakha.
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10-11. Ubuchwepheshe bokunqamula ukumboza ngaphezulu kwemishayo engama-50-80mm ububanzi nokuphakama kuka-200-350mm (10, 11) kufana nokuwohloka komhlangano walo ebhodini lika-150 x 50mm. Gwema ukuphatha umthamo izikhathi ezi-2-3 eziphakeme.
12. I-OSP-Beams ikuvumela ukuthi ubeke amasistimu wobunjiniyela kanye nokuxhumana ngqo ekuqedeni. Kulokhu, ukuvuleka okuyindilinga noma okungunxande kuyasikwa emishameni.
Kuhle ukusindisa kuvumela futhi wenqaba ukusebenzisa imishini yokuphakamisa esindayo. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, akukhona kuphela ukonga imali esifisweni: noma i-crane noma ipompo kakhonkolo, noma ama-concrete angeke afike esakhiweni sokwakha. Ungaba kanjani? Ukukhishwa kulula ukusebenzisa okwedlulele okwenziwe nge-overlaps okwenziwe ngokhuni, insimbi noma imishayo ehlanganisiwe noma okuqoqiwe phansi-monolithic phansi okukwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sezinhlaka ezijwayelekile kanye nezakhiwo ze-slab. Cabanga ngezici zabo.
Amabhokisi avela ebhodini 15050mm
Ukuvela kokwakhiwa kokuqubuka ekwakheni kwangasese kwakungeyona into elula kuya kokuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ngokuhlukile - kusuka kunzima kwenye elula. Ngakho-ke, ekuphakameni kweRussia, kwakukhona ukwakheka okunzima. Into ebalulekile yenkampani yenethiwekhi yayiyi-matitz enkulu ye-balka, evumele lapho igcwele i-span ebalulekile (cishe ububanzi be-6m) ukuze benze ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa okusekelayo.
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13-15. Ukufakwa kwezitezi ezisheshayo ezisheshayo, izinto eziqinisa izinsimbi (13) zenziwe ngensimbi (ama-clamp, amabakaki, i-angle ye-.p.) asetshenziswa kabanzi. Ikhwalithi yedizayini incike ekusetshenzisweni kwayo okufanele. Izici ezinjalo zihlelwe ngokuzidweba (14), futhi uma kunesidingo, izikulufo ezinamandla kakhulu ze-muffHuhary (15).
Lo mklamo usushintshile lapho kunobuchwepheshe bokwakha phansi okuthe xaxa kusuka emgqonyeni nasekupheleni kusuka ebhodini. Esela leminyaka engamashumi amabili Kwakukhona okweqile ngemishayo kusuka emgqomeni nasezinsikeni ezivela ebhodini, bese kudlula kuphela ebhodini elikhulu.
Lapho-ke isinyathelo se- "lula" sabaqambi banciphise abakhi abajwayelekile. Umphumela uba ngaphezulu, ngaphandle kwezibalo eziqoqwe kusuka ebhodini 15050mm ezifakwe emaphethelweni ngesinyathelo sika-600 mm. 2-3-3-3-3-3-3-3-3 kuphela - ukugqama sekumi ngomumo. Ithi, inganekwane? Ubusuku! Ngeshwa, le ndlela igcwele izikhala ezincane, futhi labo ababubanzi abaphakeme kakhulu nomkhawulo ovunyelwa ngokugcwele umklamo onjalo. Lo msebenzi omncane kakhulu, udlula kancane nge-3m. Iikito ayicabangi ngemiphumela: Kuhle kakhulu, ukugqama okudaliwe kuzoshayela, kokubi kakhulu - ukujika. Manje siphendukela ezinketho ezithuthuka kakhulu.
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16-18. Ama-glued beams (16) angahamba abonakale ngokuphepha engxenyeni engaphakathi, ngemuva kokugaya futhi ahlanganiswe nge-Convoritive yokuvikela, ahlanganiswa ngokuphelele nezinye izinto zokwakha kanye nanoma yisiphi isitayela sangaphakathi sokwakha (17, 18).
Amabhokisi avela ebhodini elikhulu
Yenza le mishayo evela ebhodini elinobukhulu obungu-50-80mm nobubanzi baka-200-300mm owenziwe ngophayini noma i-larch. Zinjani imishayo enjalo? Chaza ngesibonelo esithile. Ngomthwalo we-2,5 KPA bese ungenisa ama-600 mm ngeBhodi ka-150 x x 50mm, ungangena nge-spans 3m ububanzi. Ipriere izimo ezifanayo i-20050mm Board (zibekwe futhi, emaphethelweni) zizosiza ukunqwabelana nesikhathi sobubanzi be-4M, iBhodi lingu-2505- 5mm, kanye neBhodi 300 x x 50mm- 6m. Ukugwema ukuguquguquka okuyisisekelo, amabhodi abanzi kuzodingeka aqinise izigaxa zokhuni. Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu okuqukethwe kuzonciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni ngo-15-20% uma kuqhathaniswa nemishayo ejwayelekile.
Ipulatifomu noma isihlangu?
Thenga amabhodi abanzi wekhwalithi efanele (njengoba wazi, imishayo akufanele ibe nezindlela ezingenza buthaka isigaba sabo sesiphambano) emakethe yethu akulula. Kepha unga-oda iphrojekthi kanye nokwenziwa kweqoqo lezakhi zokwakha ukunqwabelana. Kukhona ithuba loku-oda nokubhala, kwakhiwe ubuchwepheshe obubhalwe kulo lonke buyekezwa. Ubaba, ukuthi angakwenza kanjani, sizofundiswa ngokwengeziwe.
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19-21. Ama-Shnonia Beams anefomu lokuhleleka kwezinkuni, elisetshenziswa ngabakwa-Architect kanye nabaqambi lapho i-Interior Design (19-21). Uma kunesidingo, izimfanelo ezinhle zemikhiqizo zingathuthukiswa ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwebanga elingcono kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezingaphandle.
Imishayo eboshwe
Umnyombo wezobuchwepheshe ukuthi esikhundleni sezinkungu ze-All-in Wood, imishayo eyenziwe ngokugcwala kusuka kuma-slats amafushane (kusukela ekugcineni, iziphambeko ziyanqunywa). Ubude bemishini ekhafuzo bufika ku-12m, kanti ubukhulu besigaba bungahluka kusuka ku-14050 kuya ku-200200mm. Imishayo ekhanyisile inamandla kakhulu kunezinto ezivela ezinkuni eziqinile zesigaba esifanayo.Lvl-beam
I-LVL-Timber (kusuka ku-English Lanemia Veneers Gmber) iyindlela yokuklama enamandla aphezulu eyenziwe esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Glueng ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezendlalelo eziningana ze-veneers. Inesethi yezimpawu ezihlukile.
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22-24. Phakathi kwazo, amapulazi okhuni afakwe izixhumanisi eziguqukayo (22). I-Kisttene them inamathiselwe ngamakhona nokuzidweba (23). Ubukhulu bezindiza eziphezulu bufinyelela ku-12m (24).
Enye yezinzuzo zayo eziphambili ukukhetha okukhulu kosayizi beBeam: ububanzi - 100-1100mm, ubude - 2,5-5m, ubukhulu - ngo-19-75mm. Ngokuvumelana nalokhu, izingodo ze-LVL ziphakeme kakhulu kuzinkuni eziqinile nezinhle. Izinto ezibonakalayo zisebenza kahle noma yimaphi amathuluzi wokusika. Ukuntuleka kwentengo ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, faka isikhathi se-LVL-time uzuzisa kuphela ucingo lwezakhiwo ezinkulu ze-span.
Ukugcwala kwepulazi
Amapulazi asungulwe eKhviv., Ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Uthole ukuzalwa kwesibili. Ngenxa yemizamo yezinkampani zaseCanada ezibandakanya ukwakhiwa kohlaka, izinhlelo zivele nezinhlelo zokubala amapulazi okugcwala okugcwele, kanye nemigqa yokusakazwa komhlangano wabo.
"Uhlaka Kit" | 
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"Uhlaka Kit" | 
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25-26. Kwikhwalithi yokugqagqana okuphakanyisiwe, ukusheshisa okulungile kwezixhaso zazo kunomthelela omkhulu wokugqagqana. Nganoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa, ubude be-pad esekelayo kufanele okungenani kube yi-100mm (25). I-intshi, ibhulokhi noma udonga lukakhonkolo wogongolo "lokugula kwe-weson" (26).
27-28. Indlela ethembekile kunazo zonke yokwakha indawo yokuhlaselwa - lapho uBeam ethembele endaweni yenethiwekhi yodonga (27) noma ugongolo ophahleni (28). Leli cala lingashiywa ngokusetshenziswa kwama-metallowements, futhi imishayo ilungiswe ngezipikili noma ngokuzidweba.
Omunye walawa mapulazi athuthukayo - e-Parallel-Belt Farms Mitek (Canada) ngokuphakama kwe-350mm. Zenziwe ngokhuni oluqinile oluqinile ngesigaba esingu-10050mm. Inani layo lokugeleza lingu-0,1 m3 ngokugqagqana kwe-1m2. Izici zihlanganiswe ekwakhiweni kwabezindaba ngamapuleti e-Metal Gear (MZP), afakwa ezinhlangothini ezimbili zogongolo. Ngemuva komhlangano ngevolumu yangaphakathi yokugcwala ngokweqile, ukuxhumana kwezobunjiniyela kufakwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
I-OSP-based beams (OSB)
Enye intuthuko yasekuqaleni efakwe eCanada ingugongolo lwangaphandle, elenziwa emigwaqweni yefektri enesigaba sesiphambano kusuka esigabeni esingu-6438 kuya ku-10938mm kanye namapuleti amelana nomswakama osb-3). Ama-Bruks angenziwa ngokhuni oluqinile lwamadwala ama-coniferous (uPine, iSpruce, i-larch), kanye naku-LVL TIMBER.
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29-31. Okwelinye lamatezi elibhalwe kule ndatshana, kune-albhamu yezixazululo ezijwayelekile zobuchwepheshe zokufaka imishayo ku-ukhonkolo (29), izindonga ze-log (30) kanye nezinambuzane.
Ekwenzeni imishayo ye-OSP-SLABS, ububanzi obudingekayo buchithwa emabutho, futhi ama-grooves nama-spikes bangamabutho emikhawulweni yabo. Amalungiselelo enziwe ahlangana kanyekanye ukuze akha umucu ongapheli, lapho kuncishiswa khona izikhala zobude obufunayo. Okulandelayo, imigoqo, i-groove ende ende ende mill, kanye nemiphetho emide ye-OSP-band Spike. Ngemuva kwalokho, izingxenye ezintathu zigcotshwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi, zithola imishayo yakwamanye amazwe (abanye abakhiqizi bangezelela ukulungiswa kwezingxenye ngamabakaki ensimbi). Ukuphakama kwemishayo eqediwe - 241-457mm, ubude - kuze kufike ku-12m. Banesisindo esincane (ubude be-6m enesisindo esingu-40kg), futhi ngenxa yesigaba esisezingeni eliphakeme, izinkomba eziphakeme zamandla nokumelana nokugoba.
Imishayo yokugqoka yensimbi
Idizayini ye-HTS-Beams, eyayeza kithi isuka eJalimane, imvamisa ifana kakhulu nokuthola okubhekwayo: esigabeni abasesigabeni esisezingeni eliphakeme, amashalofu aphezulu nawo aphansi akhiwa ngokhuni. I-AVOT exhuma odongeni lwayo alwenziwe nge-Osp Plate, kepha kusuka ku-Sylvanized Steel 0,5 mm ubukhulu nge-polymer coating (ifomu le-wavy liqinisekisa ukuqina kosayizi kanye nezimpawu eziphakeme). Kungenzeka kungabikho zindonga ezinjalo zodwa, kepha ezimbili (zitholakala kude ngo-15-20mm). Ngemuva kwakho konke, ugongolo olunezindonga ezimbili luyamelana kangcono nokugoba okufana neyodwa.
Izimbobo ku-osp ne-HTS-beams
"I-HTS-rusaland" | 
"I-HTS-rusaland" | 
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32. Uma kunesidingo (kunqunywa ngezici zesakhiwo sezindonga zendlu kanye nokubala izibalo), ukuphela kwemigqa ye-HTS kungaqiniswa ngamapuleti e-PCS ngobukhulu be-9-15mm.
33-34. Ukuvimbela ukugoba noma ukusonteka kwe-HTS noma imishayo phakathi kwabo, ngesinyathelo esithile, izixhumanisi ezivela ku-HTS-Beams ezivela kuma-HTS-beams (33) noma amapuleti (34) afakwa. Uhlobo oludingekayo lwamathayi nesinyathelo sawo kunqunywa ukubala lapho kuklanywa.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuxhuma izindonga namashalofu nakho kuhlukile. Emaphethelweni angenhla nangaphansi wensimbi ye-wavy izikhala ngesinyathelo esingu-50mm, kufakwa amazinyo, okuthi lapho kujule ngo-20 mm kuzocindezelwa khona ezihlahleni. Ukuphakama kwemishayo ephethwe ngensimbi kungu-180-490mm, ubude - kuze kufike ku-24m. Isisindo 1 M- 7-27kg.
I-Metal Overlaps
Leli elinye ubuchwepheshe baseCanada. Ukugcwala kuqoqwe kusuka kumaphaneli e-lattice okwenziwe ezimeni zefekthri kusuka ku-Light Steel
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"UGenesise-tula" | 
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35. Idivaysi egqamile ye-ISPAN 2-Level Beams.
36-37. Ku-Overlaps eyenziwe kusetshenziswa ama-Ispan (36) imishayo noma amaphrofayli ensimbi amiselwe (37), ingabekwa njengengozi yensimbi enamafayili afakwe emafafeni e-osp noma i-plywood. I-drywall incishiswe ngezansi, inamathiselwe emashalofini aphansi emishayo kwikhreyithi.
Ukwenza amaphaneli anjalo, ungenzi ngaphandle komklamo. Kulesi sigaba, ikhompyutha izonquma usayizi odingekayo nobukhulu bamaphrofayili asetshenzisiwe (ukuphakama kwawo kungu-254-300mm, ubude bamashalofu - 32-76mm). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzobala ukucushwa kanye nenombolo oyifunayo yamaphaneli futhi unikeze iphakheji yemibhalo, okuphoqelekile ekusebenzeni komugqa ozenzakalelayo wephrofayili ebandayo.
Njengoba usuthole umyalo othize, umugqa onjalo uzokhiqiza kusuka ku-rolled steel galvanized yensimbi edingekayo yamaphrofayili, ngalinye lizoba nobude obunikezwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, zonke izimbobo ezidingekayo zizodonswa kulo (kulokhu, ukwakheka kwekhompyutha nogesi kufanele kubekwe ekhompyutheni).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi ezisesitayeleni esikhethekile zisebenzisa izikulufo zokuzishaya nge-46mm zizoqoqwa kusuka kumaphrofayili wephaneli neziteshi ezidingekayo zokuxhumana. Amaphaneli amaningi - cishe ama-50kg / m2.
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"UColumbus" | 
"Uhlaka Kit" |
38-39. Imishayo yezinxantathu efakwe ngesandla ezindongeni esiteji esilingana nobubanzi be-block block (38). Lapho-ke isikhala phakathi kwemishayo sigcwele ngokuphelele amabhlogo. Ngaphezulu kwawo, kuyo yonke indawo yokuqothula, igridi yokuqinisa ifakwa ngamaseli we-100100mm kusuka ocingweni nge-dia-metres 4-6mm (39). Idizayini eqoqiwe ithululelwa i-Class Class B20 (M250), ephoqelekile ukuthi ihlanganiswe (ukusetshenziswa kokhonkolo kumayelana ne-0.1 m3 ngayinye).
40. I-OPP-Beams Height 241 no-302mm yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngqo ezakhiweni ezinama-span amafushane, imishayo enokuphakama kwezakhiwo ezingama-356-457mm- zezakhiwo ezinama-span amakhulu.
Muva nje, imishayo ye-ISPAN ivele emakethe yethu, ihloselwe ngokukhethekile ukwakhiwa phansi kwezitezi ezihlangene. Futhi zenziwa ngensimbi enziwe nge-galvanized ngobukhulu be-1.5-2.2 mm. Ngokuyinhloko, bayisiteshi esidalwe kusuka ku-bandwidth yamaphrofayili angama-250-600mm kanye namaphrofayili abunjiwe, afakwe kuwo kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili emaphethelweni aphezulu nangaphansi. Ekwenziweni kwemishayo, izimbobo zokuxhumana zokuxhumana zisikwa zingena kuzo. Idizayini yokuqothula nokulethwa kogongolo kwenziwa nguGenesise (Canada).
Inketho eqoqiwe-monolithic
Enhliziyweni yeqoqo le-monolithic kulobu buchwepheshe, izinto ezine. Lokhu kuqiniswa imishayo ekhonkolo ngohlaka lokuqinisa indawo ngesimo sepulazi elingunxantathu elikhanyayo, amabhlokhi angenalutho, i-mesh eqinisiwe, ungqimba oluqinile lukakhokho we-monolithic.
Ukugcwala kohlelo lweMarco
Ibhande ekhonkolo engu-1;
Ibhlokhi eyi-2;
3- ugongolo ngefreyimu yokuqinisa;
4- ukhonkolo we-monolithic;
5- grid ukuqinisa;
6- Isitofu Esiphindwe kabili (i-Polystyrere Foam).
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41-44. Lapho i-mineral bool egcwele, okubizwa ngokuthi yingxabano indlela esetshenziswayo ngezigaba zokwakha kwazo: Okokuqala lungisa impahla yokufaka umswakama ukuze isindise phakathi kwama-lags (41, 42), bese ibekwa kuwo ngezingqimba ezintathu ( Ubukhulu be-Total - 150mm) obugobekile noma obugoqayo oboshwe nge-Vapor Barrier Film (43). Ngemuva kwalokho banamathela emafulethini phansi amapuleti avela kumapuleti e-OSP noma nge-plywood ngokukhulu kuka-18-20mm (44).
Inqubo yokuhlanganisa ukugqama kuboniswa ngokuningiliziwe ezithombeni. Singeza kuphela lokho, ngokubizwa okulandelayo komklamo oqoqiwe, i-aperture yokugqashuka yakhelwa ukuba nefomu lama-slabs ahlanganisiwe. Amafushane kunoma izimbambo zifaka ugongolo lukakhonkolo olwenziwe ngotshani, ovuke phezu kwalolo hlaka ngalunye lokukhanya ngohlaka "olungunxantathu" (lokugcina luba yi-kernel eqinisiwe ye-monolithic beam). Imishayo futhi izothwala umthwalo osebenzayo ngokugqagqana (kuze kufike ku-600kgs / m2).
Ingabe ukweqiwa, kwenzelwe umthwalo omkhulu? Azikho izinkinga! Kuhlanganiswe ngobuchwepheshe obufanayo, sebenzisa kuphela imishayo ekhanyayo ngohlaka oluqinisiwe ngokuphakama kwe-200mm, kanye neplatifomu ephezulu yebhlokhi ngayinye eyize, isibonelo "isibonelo, i-polystyrerere foam). Ngenxa yalokho, imishayo ekhishwe ngokhonkolo izoba ngaphezulu, ngakho-ke iyoba namandla amakhulu okuthola amandla.
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45-47. Indlela ye-classic yokufakelwa: phakathi kwama-lags, kudalwe yi-Draft Rolling, embozwe ngento esongelwe umswakama evisari (45), ukufakwa kwe-slab (46) kubekwa ngaphezulu. Kepha kungenzeka ukulala ungqimba we-ecowhat (47) futhi uyicwebe.
Kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi ubuchwepheshe beqoqo le-monolithic bukhona kwezinye izinketho: Albert (Germany), uTeriva (Poland), iDah (Belarus) noMark (Russia) bayaziwa. Ngokuqondene nokusetshenziswa kwemishayo eqiniswe ukukhanya, zifana kakhulu. Umehluko oqukethe okubonakalayo kwamabhulokhi eziyize: ama-ceramics abunjiwe, i-ceramzitobetone, i-foam ukhonkolo it.d. Ngokombono wethu, amabhlogo wokuqala asetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe "Marco". Zenziwe nge-polystyrere foaomball, ngakho-ke i-1m2 yalokhu okudlula ku-230-348kg, okungu-80-100kg ngaphansi kokuphumula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwedlule okwenziwe kule ndlela cishe akudingi ukushisa okwengeziwe nokufakwa okuzwakalayo.
Izinyathelo Eziyisihlanu Ziya Kugoli
Namuhla, kunamafemu amaningi emakethe yokwakha, elungele ukusiza unjiniyela: azokwakha futhi enze iqoqo lemininingwane edingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe ukunqwabelana ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imishini yokuphakamisa kanye nakwisikhashana esifushane. Uku-oda umklamo onjalo, udinga ukwenza izinyathelo ezinhlanu ezilula.1. Khetha uhlobo lokugqagqana okusheshayo.
2. Isitoko sesitoko ekhaya futhi vakashela ehhovisi lenkampani enikeza lo mklamo.
3. Ukutshela isisebenzi senkampani ngenkinga ebhekene nawe, ebiza lokho okuzokwakha kuyo indlu, futhi kuchaze ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezinesisindo esibalulekile futhi lapho zihlela ukubeka khona phansi (upiyano olwalukhulunywe ngalo phambilini, It.p.). Uzophendula ngokushesha uma i-firm izokwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga, futhi izobiza izindleko zokuqala zomsebenzi. Ngemuva kwalokho uzokwenza umsebenzi wokuklama (TK) okufanele usayine.
4. Khokhela umsebenzi wokuqamba (ama-ruble angama-50- 300 / m2, kwezinye izikhathi leli nani lingafakwa ngentengo yemininingwane). Umqambi ngokuya ngemininingwane yakho ye-TK uzokhetha imishayo yesigaba esihambisanayo, uwafake ngesinyathelo esidingekayo bese udala isethi yemidwebo yabasebenzi. Isikhathi sokusebenza - izinsuku ezingama-1-3.
5. Lapho iphrojekthi isilungile, uzomenyezelwa izindleko eziqondile zomsebenzi. Emavikini ama-2-4 ngemuva koku-oda (igama elincike kwivolumu yalo nobunzima bokwakheka ngokweqile) uzothola iqoqo lemininingwane ekhiqizwayo.
BNOWBODE imiyalo yokufaka, kanye ne-albhamu yezixazululo ezijwayelekile zokusheshisa ezindongeni, ekwenzeni phansi phansi kanye nokufakelwa (futhi, uma, uma-ke, isethi yama-fasteners). I-AExhares yezinsuku ezi-1-2 ungahamba uzungeza ukunqwabelana. Uma ungabaza ukuthi abakhi bakho bazokwazi ukubhekana nomhlangano waso, mema i-brigade yomenzi (intengo yomsebenzi wakhe ngo-15- 40% wezindleko zokubeka imininingwane) noma ukuvuma ukufeza ukufakwa kokufakwa.
Ukufudumala nokufakwa okuzwakalayo
Ukugcwala kuvunyelwe ukufaka inzuzo yobabili esigabeni sokukhiqizwa kwayo nangemva kwalokho. Kunezindlela eziningi zokufaka ukwakheka kokuqala kwalezi zigaba. Inzuzo eyinhloko yendlela ebizwa ngokuthi yeStrettet ilula futhi ijubane lokufakwa. Okubi ukuthi ukufakwa kufakwe phakathi kwemishayo, "arc" futhi akuhlali kuvaleleke kubo. Uma ukugqama kwenziwa ngamapulazi, le ndlela yokufakelwa akufanele isetshenziswe nhlobo, ngoba ukufakwa kungangeni ezingeni lokuthi phakathi kwezici zepulazi, futhi ngenxa yamabhuloho abandayo ". Ungasebenzisa indlela yakudala yokufakelwa, ngemuva kwalokho embozwe ngokufakwa okunamafutha okufakwe, bese kuthi phansi phansi.
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48-51. Ukufakwa kokufakwa kwendlela "yokunyathelisa" kubukeka kanjena. Isifaki esisodwa sihlala eduze kokufakwa (48), ukuhlinzeka ngokusebenza kwayo okujwayelekile nokulayisha okufika ngesikhathi. Enye ikhuphuka nge-hose entweni, yenza ukuvela okumiswe ngesibindi esibaleni se-vapor, ukumboza umgodi phakathi kwemishayo (49), ifaka i-hose (50) ngokugcwaliswa kwe-cavity. E-Attic Overlaps, ukufakwa okushisayo kumane kuthelwa ngesendlalelo sobukhulu obunikezwe (51).
Ukunqwabelana ngokufudumeza ekugcineni kokwakhiwa kanzima. I-prostrate phakathi kwama-lags nge-stapler ilungiswe isithiyo se-vapor. Okulandelayo, amapuleti okufakwa koboya bezimbiwa koboya obusezingeni eliphansi kulowo msebenzi, ububanzi obuhambisana nesinyathelo se-beam, bese uwafaka ngobumnene eziganjeni eziphakathi kwemishayo. Ukusuka phansi phansi kokufakwa (kumele kube nokuqina okuthile) kuzobamba okwesikhashana amashalofu aphansi ama-shellarels noma amabha we-cranial abethelwe emihle. Emva kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuthatha ngokushesha ungqimba lwe-vaporizolation.
Izindlela ezifanayo ziyafudumeza futhi ngosizo lwePolystyrene Foam. Leli cala lingashiywa nge-vaporizolation, futhi izikhala zibopha uphawu lokukhuphuka igwebu.
Ukufakwa sizotshela ngokufakwa kokufakwa kwe-thermal ngendlela "yokufaka". Imishini esetshenziselwe lokhu kwenzeka njengomile (ithathwe esizeni, futhi okwesikhashana ihlala lapho), ngakho-ke iselula (inqubo ifakwa emotweni, futhi ihamba nayo).
Ngendlela "yokuqina" Sebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zokufakelwa ezikhiqizwe eRussia: "Equata" kanye "noboya obuhlanganisiwe". Equata kuyinto 80% yakhiwa cellulose zesivikelo sesifuba (basuke eyatholakala kusukela iphepha udoti) kanye ngama-20% - kusukela izithasiselo, phakathi lapho anti-view (bora) kanye isinqandakuvunda (boric acid). Izakhiwo zalokhu kufakwa: Ukuvuselelwa okushisayo - 0.038-0.040w / (m x k), iqembu lesistimu yokuhlanganisa, inyunyana, 35-55gg / M3. "Uboya obusebenzayo" batholwa ngamapuleti okugaya noma ama-mat of izimibutha zokufaka ukushisa okushisa ngokushisa, ezingazange zidlulisele ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ngokungahambisani nobukhulu, ubuntu obunganele kwalo.P.P., kepha ube nokwakheka okujwayelekile kwemicu. Izici: Ukuvuselelwa okushisayo - 0.040-0.042W / (m x k), iqembu elinokuvutha, inyumbama, 28-40kg / m3. Yomibili le mikhiqizo ifakwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi (icindezelwe izikhathi ezingama-4-6, ezinciphisa izindleko zokuhamba), nangaphambi kokusebenzisa futhi.
Ukufakwa kugcwalisa wonke ama-voids akhona, akha ungqimba oluqhubekayo. Akukho mali nokulungiswa, okujwayelekile lapho ufaka ukufaka okushisayo ngendlela yendabuko. Ngakho-ke, "esontayo" ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuba ulungele ukufakwa kwamapulazi. Izindleko zomsebenzi (kufaka phakathi ukufakwa), kuya ngobuningi bokubeka, 1600-1800rub. / M3.
Ezinye izakhiwo ze-overlaps esetshenzisiwe
| Ukubuka kophahla kabusha | Umenzi | Ubude obukhulu be-span embozwe kabusha, m | Ubukhulu besisekelo sesakhiwo se-Overlap, mm | Isisindo se-1m beam / 1m2 ngaphezulu, kg | Umthwalo omkhulu ovumelekile ngokugqagqana, kgf / m2 * | Intengo 1M2, hlikihla |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ububanzi bebhodi elimnyama ngo-200-300mm | "Dubrava" | I-5.5 | 200-300 | 6-8/15-30 | 400-800 | I-1000-2000 |
| Imishayo eboshwe | "Dubrava" | Okuqophele imali | 160-540 | 9-15 / 36-100 | I-1000-2500 | 1500-5000 |
| Imishayo evela ku-lvl. | "Dubrava" | ishumi nesishayagalombili | 140-1100 | 10-25 / 40-150 | I-1000-3000 | 2700-9500 |
| Ipulazi lokhuni | "Umsindo" | 6. | 450. | 6-12/10-20. | 1500-3000 | I-1260-1520 |
| Imishayo esekwe e-OSP | "Uhlaka Kit" | ishumi nanye | 241-457 | 3.3-5.4 / 40-150 | I-150-1500 | 600-1200. |
| I-HTS Beams | "I-HTS-rusaland" | amashumi amabili | 230-590. | 6.8-17.1 / 10.8-27.3 | 500-1500. | 780-2000 |
| Amaphrofayili ensimbi | "UGenesise-tula" | 7 (C-profayili) 12 (ISpan) | 254. 200-600 | 5/25 19/50 | I-300-400 I-800-1000 | 800-1200 1500-2500. |
| Eqoqwe-monolithic | "UColumbus" | 9.6 | 250-350 | 13-17/330-340. | 1300. | 1100-1250 |
| * Ngokuchazwa komklamo ofanele. |
Abahleli babonga inkampani "uGenesise-tula", "Dubrava", "Karcas Kit", "Columbus", "COLUMBUS", "COLUMBUS", "HTS-rusaland" ukuthola usizo lapho kulungiswa izinto ezibonakalayo.
