Ungayenza kanjani indawo engaphandle kwamanzi kusuka emanzini aphansi komhlaba

Silandisa ngezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka, ukufakwa kohlelo lokudonsa amanzi, inqubo yokufaka amanzi angaphakathi nangaphandle.

Isitezi esingavimba amanzi esingaphansi komhlaba kusuka ngaphakathi kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kungenzeka kwehluka ngokuya ngezinga lokuvela kwabo. Uma kuphakeme kunophawu lwe-zero lwesisekelo, umswakama ubeka ingcindezi esisekelweni. Amathuba okuba yizikhukhula akhuphuka, ikakhulukazi ekwindla nasentwasahlobo ngesikhathi sezikhukhula. Ngokuvela okujulile, ikhasi le-teast njalo livela ngokhonkolo oqinisiwe, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sezulu sichithwe egumbini. Ukubumba kuvela ebusweni, futhi umoya uthola iphunga elingathandeki. Sebenzisa igumbi elinjalo ngaphansi kwe-pantry noma i-workshop ayifanelekile, ngoba izinto nemikhiqizo kungangena ekungangeni kahle. Vikela izindonga futhi phansi kwekhaya elivele lakhiwe lingaba ngaphakathi kuphela. Lapho ebeka isakhiwo, kufanele kuvalwe ngokucophelela ingxenye yaso yangaphandle - ngemuva kokuphela kokwakhiwa ngeke kube khona okungenzeka.

Konke mayelana nokungenwa kwamanzi okungaphansi komhlaba

Izinkambiso Nemithetho

Uhlelo lokudonsa

• Emkhathini
• Emgwaqweni

Ukulungiselela igumbi

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokuhlukaniswa kwangaphakathi

• Ukuvikelwa kwezindonga
• Azihambi

Umsebenzi wangaphandle

Izindinganiso Zokuhlanzeka Nemithetho

Ukuvala isisekelo ezakhiweni, okuyizinto zokwakhiwa kwezindlu ngazinye (izhs), kufanele zihambisane nezidingo ze-snip 2.03.11-85.

• Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, kufanele kube uphawu, uhlanze futhi uvale yonke imifantu, ususe ukugqwala, ukungcola, ukugcwala kokuhlanganiswa kokhonkolo.
• Ukulungiselela kuqala izizathu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-primer. Kulokhu, umswakama wekhonkolo akufanele weqe u-4%. Ukunciphisa izinga layo, izinwele zokwakha izinwele, abalandeli abanamandla kanye nokushisa kuyasetshenziswa.
• Amakhona avalwa ngongqimba owengeziwe we-hermetic ukuvikela ukuvuza emalongeni amabhlokhi. Lezi zindawo zisengozini enkulu futhi zidinga ukucubungula ngokucophelela. I-SNIP incoma ukusebenzisa i-hydroizel. Ubukhulu obudingekayo bungu-2 cm.

Ngamagalaji, izakhiwo zasekhaya, kanye nezindlu zezwe, lezi zidingo azisebenzi. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinyathelo zisiza ukuqeda ukuvuza kanye nomswakama ophezulu, kungakhathalekile ukuthi unesimo sezindlu kanye nokuqokwa.

• 

Ukufakwa kohlelo lwangaphandle nolwangaphakathi

Ukomisa phansi egumbini elingaphansi nangaphansi komhlaba eduze kwendlu, qalisa ukuxhumana kwama-drainage.

Ukubeka ezokuxhumana emphemeni

Kwenziwa lapho kuqeda phansi.

• Ngasolangeni, umsele uwukujula kuka-0.5 m.
• Ibekwe ezansi kwetshe elichotshoziwe elinongqimba luka-0,2 cm futhi luphazamise.
• Kufakwa ipayipi lepulasitiki emseleni, okufaka ukufaka engxenyeni engezansi phansi. Kulele ubuthongo ngaphezulu kwemfucumfucu bese uvala ibha. Esikhundleni sepayipi, kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa imisele evulekile, ivaliwe ngaphezulu kwegridi. Uhlelo olunjalo lusebenza kahle. Amapayipi kanye nendawo phansi kufanele kube nomthambeka odingekayo.

Uma ukuphakama kwephahla kuvumela, kwakhiwa i-materproof screen phansi. Ipayipi noma i-chute ihlukaniswe esikhaleni esivamile sefomu. Unikezwa ukukhetha okuncane ekufakweni kwama-drainage. Khiya i-screed kufanele ibe phakathi ukuze phakathi kwakhiwe. Amapayipi angafakwa hhayi kuphela emaphethelweni, kodwa futhi kuyo yonke le ndawo, abeke okokufaka ezindaweni ezifanele.

Endabeni lapho kuxhunywa ukuhambisa indle akunakwenzeka, isitoko sisuswa kusetshenziswa iphampu.

Ukuvikelwa kwe-perimeter yangaphandle yesakhiwo

Ngaphambi kokwenza amanzi ngaphansi kwesitezi esingaphansi, udinga ukudala izimo zokubeka izinto zokwakha. Isisekelo kufanele some. Ngokuhamba njalo kokunamathela okungaphakathi, ukuhlanganiswa kuzokwehla, futhi kuzofakwa ebusweni. Ukuxazulula inkinga, udinga ukuthatha amanzi ezindongeni. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqeda ukuvuza nasendabeni yomonakalo kwi-insulator.

• Eduze kwesakhiwo ujikeleze 0.4x0.4 m bese uyihlanganisa ngomsele ojwayelekile wokudonsa, okubekwe esizeni noma ngaphezulu. Udinga ukwenza umthambeka okungenani wama-degree ayi-10 ukuze amanzi ageleze, ngaphandle kokuhamba ngaphakathi.
• Ngemuva kwawo wonke amamitha amabili, ama-Wells abukayo amba. Basebenzela ukuhlanza uhlelo. Uma ukhulisa ibanga phakathi kwabo, kuzodingeka ukuthi ugaye imisele ejulile. Izindonga zemithombo zivaliwe ngokulungiswa.
• Amapayipi epulasitiki akho asongwe ngengqimba ye-geotextile efakwe ku-pita, futhi alale ngemfucumfucu encane. Kumalunga axhumeke ngeziphambano. I-Geotextile iyadingeka ukuyohlunga ukugeleza. Ngaphandle kwawo, uhlelo luzovalwa ngokushesha. Umhlabathi uhlanganiswe phezulu.

Iziteshi zingenziwa zivulekile, zizifihlile ngaphansi kwegridi yokuhlobisa noma igridi eqinile, embozwe ngaphezulu kwemfucumfucu.

Ukulungiselela igumbi

• Ukuvunyelwa kwamanzi abangaphansi komhlaba kusuka ngaphakathi kuzosebenza kuphela ngemuva kokususa umswakama, ukungcola nokugqwala. Lapho ukhukhula, uzodinga ipompo noma iphampu elula yomthombo. Ungcono ukwenza ehlobo lapho izikhukhula ziphelelwa yisikhathi, futhi izimvula zasekwindla zisenaso isikhathi sokuphonsa inhlabathi. Ngisho nangemva kokomiswa okuphelele, ukudonswa kwemali kuzongena ngokushesha kube yimifantu, okuzoholela ekutholeni ukunamathela okuvikelayo. Uma kukhona ukufudumala esisekelweni, kungenzeka ukuchitha ebusika.
• Igumbi lingena umoya. Iziteshi zokuphefumula zihlanzwa udoti kanye nezingqimba zangaphakathi. I-men enamaseli amancane angeqi amagatsha namaqabunga omile afakwa kuvulo lokuvulwa. Lokhu kwenziwa futhi ukuze amagundane ambozwe ngaphakathi. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukushintshwa okuphelele kohlelo lokupholisa umoya ukuze kudingeke kahle. Imisebenzi ingenziwa ngokuzimela. Esekhotishi elinohlelo olunzima lweshubhu ukubala amapharamitha adingekayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwephrojekthi, kuzodingeka inhlangano yobunjiniyela. Kwenze ngezandla zakho zingaba nguchwepheshe kuphela.
• Ingaphezulu liyasulwa, imifantu iyandiswa futhi igcwele nge-glue ethayishwe noma ingxube yesihlabathi nosimende. Ekugcineni qhubeka ususe isikhunta, isisekelo siphathwa ngesisombululo se-antibacterial. I-ake wasebenzisa i-antwed lime noma ama-antiseptics akhethekile nokuhlanza ama-primers wezitini nokhonkolo oqinisiwe.

Ukufakwa emanzini okungaphakathi kwezitebhisi eziphansi

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuvikela ekudambeni nasekuhloleni. Ukukhetha kwabo kuncike kwizakhiwo zenhlabathi nomswakama wayo. Uma izindonga zihlala zomile ngisho nangesikhathi semithombo yezikhukhula kanye nezimvula ezivikelekile, ungakhawulelwa ekuvikelweni phansi. Kuwo wonke amanye amacala, izindiza eziqonde mpo nazo zizovalwa.

Ngokuya ngokuthi umswakama uthinta kanjani ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo, ngaphansi komhlaba, sebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili zezithiyo.

Izinhlobo Zokuvikelwa

• I-Anti-Pillar - ivikela ukumelana nokungena kuma-pores of izitini noma ukhonkolo oqinisiwe.
• Okungenzi mahhala - yenzelwe ukumelana nezikhukhula kanye nezimvula ezinamandla.

Ukumbozwa kwezindonga

Umsebenzi wayo ophambili ukuvala imifantu, ikakhulukazi emakhoneni nasezindaweni zamabhulokhi e-docking. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izindlela eziningana.

• Izinto eziqashiwe nezisetshenzisiwe zivame ukusetshenziswa imvuthuluka ye-mastic ne-rubberoid.
• Upulasitiki ongavikeli - Ukwakheka kwabo kufanele kufake i-polymer e-elastic, ukuvala ama-pores.
• Ama-membranes amafilimu we-polymeric, angafinyeleleki ngaphandle, kepha adlulisela imibhangqwana ngaphakathi. Ubukhulu bamamilimitha ambalwa likuvumela ukuthi uwasebenzise ekuvikelweni okuhlangene kabili kokufakelwa.
• Izakhi zomjovo zifakwa ekubeni yize zibe ngomlomo njenge-glue noma igwebu elikhuphuka.
• Ukuxubana okungena ngaphakathi - faka ingaphezulu neqhwa, kwakha isithiyo sokusakaza ukuncipha.
• Irabha eliwuketshezi - liqukethe ibitume.
• Imikhiqizo ye-Ribbon iyiteyipu yokunamathela kusuka ku-bitumen noma injoloba ye-buty ukuze uthole imithungo.

Ukubeka izinto zokwakha ezigoqiwe

Zithambekele ekuvutheni kwe-mastic evuthayo ye-bituminous. Amahlaya asetshenziswa kusetshenziswa ama-soldering dumps. Lesi ngesinye sezindlela ezilula futhi ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu, kepha akufanele zisetshenziswe ekucindezelweni okuqinile kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba - ukuhlanganiswa kungavinjelwa. Imvamisa isetshenziswa njengokuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwezindonga nobulili.

Imikhiqizo egoqwe ayisebenzi kuphela kwi-cellar engangeni manzi kusuka ngaphakathi kusuka emanzini aphansi komhlaba. Zivame ukubandakanyeka emsebenzini wangaphandle.

Sebenza ngezingoma ezingena ngaphakathi

Kubandakanya isihlabathi, izithasiselo zikasimende kanye namakhemikhali ezikhulisa i-plastiki. Bayakwazi ukubekezelela ingaphezulu, bangena ngaphakathi ngo-5 mm. Ngemuva kokufaka isicelo, usimende ukhubazekile, wakhe igobolondo elingangeneki.

Ingxube iwukushisa umlilo. Akuvezi amakhompiyutha anobuthi futhi avunyelwe ukusebenzisa ngisho nasezakhiweni zokuhlala.

Kukhona izinhlelo kanambambili. Izakhi zisetshenziswa ngokuhlukile ezigabeni ezimbili. Ngemuva kwalokho basabela ndawonye, ​​bakha i-gel gel eqinile.

Isixazululo sibekwa nge-roller noma ibhulashi. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, ususe uthuli kusuka esisekelweni se-rag emanzi bese umisa nge-hairdryer yokwakha.

Impahla isetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezi-2-3. Okulandelayo okulandelayo kufakwe ngemuva kokomisa okwedlule.

Izinhlelo ze-Binary zidlula izixazululo ezingena ekusebenzeni kahle kaningi. Bakha ukuxhumana okunamandla noplasitiki. Kufakwa okokuqala ngengilazi ewuketshezi, futhi ngemuva kwamahora amahlanu we-calcium chloride. Ngemuva kwalokho isisekelo siphinde sambozwa yingxenye yokuqala.

Ingilazi ewuketshezi ivame ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwe-calcium chloride. Kuyakhaza lapho iqandisiwe futhi iqinisa isakhiwo se-porous, okwenza kwangathi kungafinyeleleki kumswakama. Ingilazi ilungele ukuqeda kokuhlobisa okuhlobisa. Kusobala futhi akunakubonakala okuncane ngemuva.

Ukubeka ama-membranes ahleliwe

Bayifilimu enjoloba ne-PVC ngobukhulu obungaba ngu-2 mm. Ifilimu inesendlalelo esinamathelayo se-bitumen ngemuva. Kuma-Cellars abandayo, i-membrane EPDM ifanelekile.

Irabha nepulasitiki kusebenza isikhathi eside i-rubberoid. Ziyahlukahlukana kuzo futhi azidali imithwalo kukhonkolo. Zingafakwa ngisho nodonga olumanzi. Ama-membranes kuleli cala anamathele eDowel. Umehluko omkhulu kusuka kwimikhiqizo esongwe yendabuko ukusebenza kahle okukhulu.

Ama-canvases avundlile nawo aqonde mpo ahlanganiswe nokunamathela okuncane. Ngaphandle, zivaliwe ngama-geoellits.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezingoma ezijova

Izinhlobo eziningi zabela.

• Usimende - khulisa amandla omshini wesisekelo.
• I-Epoxy - bavala imifantu ehlukile ngesikhathi sokuvuza.
• I-Polyurethane ne-methyl acrylate banwebeka ngaphakathi kwezimbobo, bangena ekujuleni kwabo.

Zihlukaniswa ngokuqinisa imifantu, ukukhulisa ukuthembeka kwezinhlaka zenkampani yenethiwekhi. I-Gest Gel Mass yethulwa ngaphakathi kwesisekelo ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezenziwe kuyo. Imijovo yenziwa kusetshenziswa amadivayisi akhethekile. Izindawo zezinhloko azenzi lapha.

Injoloba eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Ilungele noma yisiphi isizathu - esivundlile futhi mpo. Yakha ungqimba lwe-2 mm. Ngaphambi kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kusuka emanzini aphansi komhlaba kusuka ngaphakathi usebenzisa leli thuluzi, udinga ukwazana nemiyalo. Ubuchwepheshe bohlelo lokusebenza kusuka kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bungahluka.

Ngokucutshungulwa kwangaphambilini, kusetshenziswa ama-primers akhethekile akhulisa i-clutch ngezinto ezibonakalayo. Irabha eliwuketshezi licindezelwa kuma-pores kanye nemifantu, bese yomile. I-screed noma udaka uhlelwe.

Sebenza ngodaka olumelana nomswakama

Basebenzela kuphela ukuqeda kanzima.

• Usimende noSandy - kuhluka okuncane kokujwayelekile. Kubandakanya izithasiselo ze-bitumen, ingilazi ewuketshezi, ezinye izinto ezikhulisa ukuqina nokumelana nomswakama. Ungabalungiselela bodwa kusuka kukonisi lomkhiqizo we-M400 noma uM500 kanye nesihlabathi se-quartz. Ku-1 kg kasimende, 2 noma 3 kg yesihlabathi kuzodingeka. Ingaphezulu lidlula umusi, elivumela izindonga nophahla "uphefumula". Izingoma nazo zithengiswa ngefomu eliqediwe. Zibonakaliswa ngamandla aphezulu, ukunamathela okuhle.
• I-Asphalt - kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izindlu zangasese, ngoba imishini yobungcweti iyadingeka ukufaka isicelo.

Ukuvikelwa phansi phansi

Njengomthetho, zisebenza ngezindlela ezimbili.

• Timbo eliqinisiwe kwingxube yesihlabathi sikasimende. Ukusebenza kwayo kukhuphuka lapho kukhona izithasiselo ze-polymer ezikhulisa ukuqina nokuvala ama-pores.
• I-Bitumen ne-Rubberoid, kanye nama-analogue abo anamuhla - i-linocur nabanye.

Ukuvimbela okungangeni kwamanzi okungaphansi kwamanzi ngaphandle komhlaba

Ukuvikelwa kwangaphandle kusebenza kahle kakhulu kunangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikuvumela ukuthi uvikele izakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba ezingcindezi ezinamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kuzo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwangaphakathi akukwazi ukubhekana nalo msebenzi.

Imisebenzi yenziwa esigabeni sokwakha. Lapho kwakhiwa indlu, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukufika ezingxenyeni zalo zangaphandle ezingaphansi komhlaba. Kulokhu, kuzofanela ukumba imisele ezungeze umngcele wesakhiwo ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe.

Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa izinto zaphansi zaphansi, ngokwesibonelo, kuphela noma umgijimi. Ukwandisa ukunamathela, okuqukethwe kuhlanzwa nasemhlabathini. I-ruberoid ibekwa ku-molten bitumen igcwalisa yonke imifino.

Ifilimu le-polyethylene lifanelekile. Njengoba kunezinga eliphakeme lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nengcindezi eqinile, kungcono ukuyibeka ezingxenyeni ezintathu. Nge-Low, kuzokwanela ukuphuthelwa yisisekelo se-Bituminous Polymer Mastic.

Ukuze wandise impilo yenkonzo yeSisekelo nezakhiwo ezisekelayo zangaphansi, ziqhuba ukufakwa kwangaphandle kokushisa kwangaphandle. Kuyadingeka ukuze umswakama ngaphakathi kwesitini noma ukhonkolo ungahambi ebusika futhi awuzange uwandise, ubhubhise izindonga zombhongo. Kufanele ivalwe ngezinto ezingenamanzi ezinhlangothini zombili izinhlangothi - uma kungenjalo umswakama uzobe ungenamthungo emhlabathini futhi usuka ohlangothini lwalodonga.

•