Ungabeka kanjani izintambo nezintambo ezisekelweni nasendlini: inkomba enemininingwane

Sizimisele ngemigomo, khetha izinto ezifanele kanye nomkhiqizo, kanye nokunikeza izeluleko ezinemininingwane ezisebenzayo.

Imilayezo mayelana nemililo, imbangela yayo eyayiyi-wiring enephutha, muva nje kangangokuba saqala ukuhlobana nenkinga enjalo njengobubi obungenakugwenywa. Futhi ngeze ngokuphelele. Yize inani lemishini kagesi ezindlini futhi amandla alo likhule kakhulu, udinga kuphela ukukhetha izintambo ezifanele nezintambo ezinhlelweni - kuzosisiza ukuba sigweme izinkinga eziningi.

Konke mayelana nezintambo nezintambo

Umehluko ucingo nentambo

Isigama

Ukukhetha izinto

Khetha isigaba

Ikhebula lomkhiqizo

Izinhlobo ze-wiring ekhaya

I-Wiring esizeni

Ukuxhumanisa uhlelo

Iseluleko esisebenzayo

Ungayihlukanisa kanjani ucingo kusuka kukhebula

Izintambo nezintambo ziyehluka ngenani le-liveli (kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-37), isigaba (kusuka ku-0.75 kuya ku-800 mm2) kanye namandla okusebenza ngokumbiwa. Kwenziwa ngokufakwa kwamandla akwa-voltage 380, 660 no-3000v kokunye okushintshana kwamanje, izintambo kunoma yiliphi ivola. I-infated Wire Persive ehlala egobolondweni lenjoloba, i-polyvinyl chloride noma i-viniplast. Ukuvikelwa kumonakalo wemishini nokuchayeka ku-medium yangaphandle, ukufakwa kweminye imikhiqizo ethile kumbozwe ngokotini wekotoni, okufakwe nge-anti-ingono. Izintambo zenzelwe ukubeka ezindaweni lapho kunengozi eyengeziwe yomonakalo wabo owenziwe ngomshini, evikelwe yi-braid eyengeziwe evela ensimbi yensimbi. Ngakho-ke, uma unokuthile okuguquguqukayo ezandleni zakho, ukuba nokuhlukaniswa okukodwa nobukhulu be-Noiden, kungenzeka intambo. Uma sikhuluma ngomkhiqizo onobukhulu ngesandla sakho nangokuqina okufanayo okubandakanya abaqhubi abangashadile futhi kufakwe ukufakwa okuphindwe kabili kuyikhebula. Endabeni lapho udinga ukuletha ugesi endlini yekotishi noma uthele u-ALTELT, kodwa futhi angifuni ukonakalisa ukubukeka ngentambo ngentambo, uzodinga ikhebula. Ungayikhetha kanjani?

Ukuhlomisa ifulethi lakho ngezinto eziningi zikagesi kudinga izintambo eziningi ezahlukahlukene nezintambo, mayelana nokukhetha nokubeka okudingeka ucabange kusengaphambili.

Okokuqala udinga ukunquma ukuthi yini ezofakwa. Kubalulekile. Ngoba uma une-cottage yamatshe enezitezi ezimbili, emi egqumeni, awukaze ugcwale ngamanzi, futhi wonke umsebenzi esizeni ukhawulelwe ekuhlolweni kwezinwele, isixazululo sizoba munye. Uma, ngokwesibonelo, le ndawo inguxhaphozi, ngokugijima okusondele emanzini aphansi komhlaba, futhi ufuna ukuletha ugesi kwindlu yokugezela yokhuni, lapho i-electrocamenaker ifakwe khona i-sauna, futhi esizeni olima umhlaba ngogandaganda , Isixazululo sizohluke ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, kuzo zombili lezi zimo, angenzi ngaphandle kwekhebula. Cabanga ngenqubo yokukhetha ikhebula ngezinyathelo. Impikiswano yenani elitholwe lishiya ngamabomu ngaphezu kohlaka lwe-athikili, konke kuncike lapha kuphela ngobukhulu besikhwama sakho. Vele ungakhohlwa ukuthi ngasikhathi sinye futhi eshibhile, futhi akwenzeki kahle.

Siyaqonda igama elithi terminology

• Waphila - lokhu ngokuvamile kungumqhubi ohlukile.
• Izintambo - Imikhiqizo equkethe imithambo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ezihlanekezelwe izintambo ezisontekile, ngaphezulu kwalapho kukhona khona umgadli olula wokuvikela (ngokwesibonelo, umoya wensimbi, uzulazule ngezinto zokwakha ama-fibrous).
• I-Wire yokufaka ingucingo lwamanethiwekhi aphansi kagesi wokusabalalisa kagesi.
• Intambo kagesi - ucingo nge ingxenye yesiphambano esifinyelela ku-1.5 mm2 ngezinhlamvu ezifakwe kalula. Isetshenziselwe ukuxhuma amadivayisi ashukumisayo. Imithambo kuleli cala nakanjani yindlela ehlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zixhumeke ngokusonteka noma ukubiwe okwabiwe.
• Intambo inezintambo ezimbalwa ezifakiwe ezivalelwe kumagobolondo owodwa noma amaningi wokuzivikela.

Ungayikhetha kanjani impahla efanele

I-Copper ingcono kakhulu ku-aluminium. Inokuqhutshwa okukhulu futhi ithambekele ekugqwaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-aluminium yethusi, nakanjani, futhi ngokugoba okuningana, kungavele kwephulwe. Impahla engemihle ye-aluminium iyi-oxidation yayo esheshayo esimweni sokuxhumana nomoya, umphumela ukwakheka ebusweni befilimu ye-oxide coatide. Akuchithi igesi yamanje, okusho ukuthi ivimbela ukudalwa kokuxhumana okuhle. Indawo enoxhumana naye omubi izonincamela, ukukhuluma, noma i-oxidized ngokwengeziwe, ifudumele kakhulu, futhi akukho mlilo kude nomlilo. Futhi uma ungafuni ukuphinda udaba lwe- "HAT House", kuzofanela uhlole ngezikhathi ezithile izindawo zokunamathiselwa kwe-aluminium waphila ezintweni zikagesi.

Lapho unamathisela ama-clamp screw, i-aluminium ikhombisa okunye ukudonsa emuva - amandla aphansi wesivuno. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-aluminium isuka ngaphansi kwe-clamp ("ukugeleza"), ukuxhumana okuphumuzayo. Ngakho-ke, izintambo ze-aluminium ezisemabhokisini okuhlangana namanye amadivaysi, lapho kusetshenziselwa khona ama-clamp ukuxhumeka, nawo adinga ukubhekisisa ngezikhathi ezithile nokuhlukunyezwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, nge-aluminium yethusi nge-Copper, kwakhiwa umbhangqwana we-galvanic, lapho kudalwa i-aluminium, kubhujiswe. Okuholela ekuwohlokeni okungeziwe okukhona. I-JSC Imiphumela yalesi simo esivele sakhuluma.

Khetha isigaba sekhebula

Intambo imvamisa iqukethe u-2-4 waphila. Isigaba sesiphambano (ngokunembile, indawo yesigaba sesigaba) semithambo inqunywa ububanzi bayo.

Khumbula: Indawo yombuthano S = 0.78D2, lapho D iwububanzi bendilinga.

Ngokusekelwe ekucabangeni okungokoqobo, ngamanani amancane amabutho akhona, isigaba sesiphambano semithambo yeCopper sithatha okungenani i-1 mm2, ne-aluminium - 2 mm2. Nge-currents emikhulu ngokwanele, isigaba se-wire sikhethwe kumandla we-plug-ngamandla. Ngokuvamile kususelwa ekubalweni okuwukuthi umthwalo we-1 kW ayi-1,57 wengxenye yesiphambano sethambo. Ukusuka lapha landela amanani asondele ezingxenyeni zesiphambano socingo, okufanele zilandelwe lapho ukhetha ububanzi bawo. Nge-aluminium, kungu-5A ngo-1 mm2, wethusi - 8a ngo-1 mm2. Kalula nje, uma une-heater yamanzi yokugeleza nge-5 kW, kuyadingeka ukuyixhuma nge-wire kubalwe okungenani i-25A, bese kuthi isigaba se-Copper kufanele okungenani sibe ngu-3.2 mm2.

Ikhebula lamandla we-AVVG Yakhelwe ukubeka zombili e-Dry nasezakhiweni ezinomswakama.

I-VVG yamandla VVG: Imithambo yeCopper (1-4), isigaba kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-50 mm2, i-polyvinyl chloride insulation, polyvinyl chloride shell. Isetshenziselwa ukubeka emakamelweni owomile nangamamanzi.

Cabanga kusuka ezingxenyeni ezimbalwa ezithandwayo (0.75; 1 ;,5; 2,5; 4 MM2, njll.) Ngezintambo ze-aluminium, isigaba sesiphambano sikhethwe esiteji esiphakeme kune-1002% ukuqhutshwa kwekholi. Isibonelo, uma izibalo zethusi zidinga isigaba se-2,5 mm2, bese-ke nge-aluminium kufanele uthathe i-4 MM2, kodwa ithusi udinga i-Aluminium - 6 MM2, njll.

Izintambo zamandla angaphakathi namanethiwekhi okukhanyisa zivame ukubekwa kuma-hoses epulasitiki avikelayo.

Ikhebula le-vbBSHB: I-Copper Polyvinyl-Chloride Endlini, i-polyvinyl chloride igobolondo, izembatho zempi ze-galvanized strips, i-hose yangaphandle ye-hermetic. Ingafakwa kuyo yonke indawo lapho kunengozi yokulimala kwemishini kwi-wiring ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Ngokuvamile, ikhebula lendlu lingcono ukukhetha isigaba esikhudlwana esidingekayo, - Kungazelelwe ufuna ukuxhuma noma yini enye? Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi isigaba sezintambo esinomthwalo ongokoqobo omkhulu siguquguqukayo, kanye nama-fuses wamanje wokuvikela noma umpheki wesifunda, ovame ukutholakala eduze kwekhawuntari.

Ngakho-ke, ekugcineni unqume esigabeni esibonakalayo nesiphambano. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukukhetha komkhiqizo wekhebula noma ngocingo.

Uyini uhlobo lwentambo

Uhlobo lwe-wire luwukuqokwa kwencwadi eveza imithambo esebenzayo, ukwehlukaniswa, izinga lokuguquguquka kanye nokwakhiwa kwezimbozo ezivikelayo. Ukulebula kwezimpahla ezifuywayo zisebenzisa umbhalo olandelayo:

• Incwadi yokuqala ikhombisa okuqukethwe kwemithambo esebenzayo (kusho, a - aluminium). Ukuntuleka kwezinhlamvu kuhlobo lomkhiqizo kusho ukuthi umnyombo ophethe wenziwe ngethusi.
• Incwadi yesibili isho ucingo.
• Okwesithathu impahla yokufakwa (ngokwesibonelo, p - irabha, ku - polyvinyl chloride, p - polyethylene).

Kuma-brand of izintambo nezintambo, izinhlamvu nazo zingaba khona, zibonisa ezinye izinto zokwakheka:

• O - braid.
• T - ngokubeka emapayipi.
• P - Flat.
• F - I-Metal Solled Shell.
• I-G- eguquguqukayo, njll.

Umthetho obaluleke kakhulu ukuthenga nge-margin. Vele, uma ubude banele, kunezindlela zokuyandisa. Kepha khumbula ukuthi isayithi lokuxhuma liyindawo yokuxhumana, futhi igcwele inkathazo.

Izinhlobo ze-Provo.

Izinhlobo ze-wiring ekhaya

Ngendlela yokwenza i-wiring kagesi ingavulwa futhi ifihlwe. I-wiring efihliwe ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili. Owokuqala kufaka phakathi izintambo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamapayipi: insimbi, ingilazi, i-asbetic, irabha, kanye nabanye. Iqembu lesibili lakhiwa ngama-wiring ezakhiweni zokwakha, ngaphandle kwamapayipi. Ukubekwa kwepayipi kukuvumela ukuba wenze ukufakwa nge-wire engafakwanga uma kunesidingo. Emakamelweni amile, i-wiring efihlekile yenziwa ngamapayipi (ukufakwa, okufakwa nge-metal shell, insimbi), emabhokisini ezithulu, kanye nezintambo ezikhethekile. Emakamelweni ama-wet - ngamapayipi (ukumelana komswakama okufaka umswakama, insimbi), amabhokisi ezithulu kanye nezintambo ezikhethekile. Emagumbini aluhlaza futhi ikakhulukazi amakamelo avuthiwe, i-wiring efihliwe ivunyelwe kuphela kumapayipi amelana nomswakama.

I-Wiring esizeni

Uma uzosebenzisa amapayipi lapho wenza ugesi kule ndawo, khumbula ukuthi ngokuyinhloko ukuvikela ikhebula ekulimaleni kwemishini (ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wena, ngengozi ungasithinti ngefosholo noma umlimi). Ngezingcweliso asihlanganyeli ukuthi amapayipi azovikela i-wiring kusuka kumswakama, amanzi azothola amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapayipi angakha i-condensate kusuka ekungeneni komoya kokufaka noma kokuphuma kokuphela. Kepha makungakhathaleli ngempela. Izintambo ngokwazo zikhiqizwa i-hermetic. Ngaphambi kokukhishwa okuthengiswayo, amahora angu-12 okufanele agcinwe emanzini ngaphansi kwamandla kagesi adlula okuphansi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukucabanga ngokujula kwentambo.

Izintambo ezihlomile zingafakwa emhlabathini zingena emhlabathini, kepha kungcono ukuthi ziphansi kunokujula kwama-drainage. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukwanda nokucindezela komhlaba kuyakwazi ukubiza ikhebula. Kuliqiniso, lokhu kujula kungahle kube kukhulu kunokujula kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukubeka ikhebula emanzini nakho kungathandeki. Ukuyekethisa kungaba yi-gasket kumapayipi ase-asbestos ngokubekwa uphawu okwengeziwe. Futhi ukuhlinzeka ngentambo, akudingekile ukucindezela amakhono futhi ukwandise lapho kufakwa khona (ikakhulukazi uma usebenza emsebenzini ezinyangeni zasehlobo, ikhebula lasebusika lizojoyina futhi lingaqhuma). Enye inketho ukusebenzisa ama-Abbbs kanye ne-WBBSHB brand cables enza imithwalo yemishini.

Ukuxhumanisa uhlelo

Izixhumanisi zomzimba wokuvumela we-Energnadzor zingatholakala kungaba ku-Directorate of Garden Porferhip, noma ekuphathweni kwesifunda. Vele, akekho umuntu ohlanganyela ekuxhumaneni. Kepha uma kungenziwa usizi futhi, ngenxa yokuvalwa, kuzoba nomlilo noma okuthile okunjalo, izinkampani zomshuwalense uma ngabe idokhumenti enjalo ingenqaba ukunxephezela ngomonakalo.

Iseluleko esisebenzayo

1. Uma i-wiring ehlala njalo ibunjiwe, kungcono ukusebenzisa ikhebula ngemithambo ethwala yamanje kusuka ku-wire eyodwa. Kungaphansi kwamandla amaningi, ukugqwala kungaphansi kokugqwala (ngenxa yendawo engezansi komhlaba), futhi kulula ukuyihlanza ngaphambi kokuxhuma.
2. Irabha ngaphansi kwesenzo se-Ozone esisemoyeni, azolibi futhi imbozwe ngama-microcracks. Ngakho-ke, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ingasebenzisi amakhebuli ngokuhlanganiswa kwenjoloba ezindaweni ezinamalanga. Izinguqulo ezihlomile kanye nentambo elele emhlabathini.
3. I-Polyvinyl Chloride ithambekele ekuqhekekeni ngesithwathwa esinamandla, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa amakhebuli nge-polyethylene coating emgwaqweni.
4. I-polyethylene abathandi izicishamlilo, ngakho-ke kuleso sakhiwo i-polyethylene yokuziqhenya ngokuzinzimisayo ingcono kakhulu (ku-brand of wire ikhonjiswa njenge-PS).
5. Izintambo egobolondweni lokuhola kangcono zisehlobo. Umakhaza lapho egoba ngenxa yokumelana nesithwathwa esincane sokuhola, ukwakheka kwama-microracks kungenzeka.
6. Izintambo ze-AvvGng, i-WDGNNG, i-AVBBšng ne-VBBSNN zibonakala ngegobolondo noma i-PVC evuthayo yepulasitiki yeplastiki. Kusetshenziswe ezindaweni ezinengozi eyengeziwe yomlilo.
7. Uma uzokwenza ikhebula endaweni yasemanzini (ngokwesibonelo, ukuxhuma amaphampu emithonjeni noma ukuze unikeze amandla umthombo wehlobo esizeni), uzodinga i-MARD WFP ekhethekile yezinjini ezingaphansi. Ububi bale modeli bufaka lokho ikhebula elenziwa ngalo ngedwa. Ngakho-ke, ngokuxhuma iphampu noma umthombo, kuzodingeka usebenzise izintambo ezimbili, ubuyile omunye komunye (ukuze ungaphumuli). Njengenye indlela, ungabheka ukusetshenziswa kwekhebula le-French Lynipompe. Kuyingxenye emithathu, yesigaba esingu-1.5 kuye ku-4 mm2.
8. Ukuxhumeka kwesikhashana, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise izintambo ezihlanganisiwe zemikhiqizo KG ne-PVA (KG - Ngemithambo ephethwe yi-Copper Multi ehlotshiswe ngocingo lwenjoloba, ku-gell enjoloba), emgwaqweni - vg, ye-gasket ku Inhlabathi - i-WBBSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSHV enempi evikelayo.
9. Uma ikhebula lidingeka ngezinto ezivuthayo (abahlaseli yizindonga zendlu yakho enamapulangwe noma equkethe amafutha egaraji lakho), incwadi ethi "H" (ayinakuphikwa) noma i- "NG" kufanele ibe khona ekuqondeni kwayo (okungelona- ukusakazeka komoya). Lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, izintambo ze-CBN ne-WGN, okuyindlela, ngendlela, kungcono ukusebenzisa hhayi ezindlini zokhuni kuphela (embuzweni we- "Skin House").
10. Uma kunomhlabathi ongathathi hlangothi ngokutshala okujulile kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, khona-ke uzofanelana nezintambo zomkhiqizo we-AVVGZ kanye ne-WGZ, enconyelwe ukubekwa emhlabathini ngomsebenzi ophansi wokugqwala uma kungekho ukulimala kwemishini nokwelula komzamo. Uma isimo sendawo yokubhukuda kanye nomhlaba esizeni sikhathele (lokhu kuvela, ngokweqiniso, ukuthi ekwindla lebhentshi lengadi entwasahlobo lavela ukuthi likhungatheke; njll.) , kungcono ukusebenzisa i-ABBB ne-WBBSSSH (i-polyvinyl chloride ezindlini, i-polyvinyl chloride igobolondo, izikhali ze-galvanized strips, ngaphezulu kwazo i-herter yangaphandle), eyenzelwe noma yiziphi izimo zokusebenza.
11. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi ungazi kanjani ukuthi i-voltage kunethiwekhi nokuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani izigaba ezisetshenziswa kusayithi lakho. Uma isigaba se-220 v nesigaba esingu-1 noma ezintathu siyohambisana (nokwesithathu kwakuhlala - "umhlaba" - imvamisa inesigaba esincane sesiphambano kunabanye). Uma i-380 v kanye nesigaba esithathu samanje (esidingeka ekusebenzeni kwamaphampu nama-motors), kudingekile ezintathu-okungama-core (imithambo ye-sodinachal) noma ikhebula elinamakhemikhali amane (Okwesine Liphila - "Umhlaba"). Lokhu kuboniswa ekuphawuleni komkhiqizo. Isibonelo, i-KG - 42.5 isho ikhebula eline-core elinengxenye yesiphambano semithambo emikhulu engu-2,5 mm2.