Siyangitshela ukuthi ubheka lapho ukhetha uhlobo lwesisekelo nokuthi yimiphi imiklamo efanelekile efanele.
Idizayini incike ebuningisi besakhiwo, okumele bakwazi ukubekezelela, ezimvolweni zenhlabathi kanye nokwakheka kwazo. Bathinta ithonya lesimo sezulu, ukujula kwamatshe, izinga lomswakama endaweni yokwakha. Endaweni efanayo, kungahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngokuthi indawo yokwakha itholakala kuphi - endaweni ephansi noma ekuphakameni, eduze kwe-reservoir noma kude. Ingxenye yezomnotho, ukusebenziseka lula, amathuba okuthola imishini ekhethekile kwisakhiwo. Kuyafaneleka ukubheka ukuthi bangaki abantu abazosebenza kulesi sikhungo. Kufanele babe nesikhathi sokuthela ukhonkolo aze athathe, ungafaka kalula ibhlokhi esindayo, uhlele inqubo ukuze ungaphazamisi muntu. Ukwenza isisekelo ngaphansi kwegalaji ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho, ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi, udinga ukufundiswa kwezinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
Isisekelo segaraji ngezandla zakho
Izakhiwo zenhlabathi- Ukwakheka kwamaminerali
- Umswakama kanye namanzi ngezikhathi ezithile
Isisekelo sepuleti
Ukwakhiwa kweRibbon
Izigxobo nezinqwaba
Inketho ehlanganisiwe
Ukuhlaziywa kwenhlabathi lapho ukhetha uhlobo lwesisekelo
Ngaphambi kokwenza isisekelo segaraji, kudingeka ucabangele izici zenhlabathi - lokhu kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha umklamo. Uma ithambile kakhulu futhi iselula, kuzofanele ubeke isisekelo esijulile ngokuqiniswa okuqinile okukunikeza ukuguquguquka. Endaweni esomile ye-stony ongayenza ngaphandle kwalezi zindlela zokuphepha. Izici zenhlabathi zithinta ukwakheka kwalo kanye nomswakama.
Umehluko wamaminerali
Eqenjini elihlukile, ungakhetha izisekelo zesihlabathi nesihlabathi. Banokuhamba okuphansi futhi bagcine isisindo kahle. Lapho usebenzisa, asikho isidingo sokugaya imisele ejulile noma amaphuzu amakhulu. Ukujula kokushumeka kuleli cala kuyisilinganiso esingamamitha angu-0,8 m. Izinhlobo ze-chip, amatshe amatshe achotshoziwe ahlukanisa umthamo ophethe kakhulu. Isihlabathi futhi sinobulukhuni obudingekayo nokuqina. Emlandweni ophakathi nendawo, isetshenziswa kanye nemfucumfucu ukudala umcamelo ukuvikela ngokuvikelwa kwemiphumela yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba nokucima ukonga, okwenzeka lapho izingqimba ezingaphansi komhlaba zihanjiswa. Kulezi zifunda, ubumba, inhlabathi ye-peat, ama-loam ayabuswa. Uma wakhelela ngqo kubo, ukwakhiwa ngeke kube nesikhathi eside.
Okwezinhlobo ezingenhla, ukuhamba okuphezulu kuboniswa. Babambe umthombo wamanzi, okuthi, ukunwebeka lapho kufiphala, kucindezela ekwakhiweni phansi. Entwasahlobo, lapho iqhwa liyancibilika, inqubo yokubuya yenzeka. Lokhu kucindezela ngeke kukhuthazelele isisekelo noma ngabe kunokuqiniswa okuqinisiwe. Ngaphansi kwale mibandela, kuyadingeka ukunaka okufanele kuzinga lokutholwa kwalo. Kufanele kube ngaphansi kwezinga lokuqhwa.
Umswakama waphakade namanzi ngezikhathi ezithile
Lesi sici asidlali indima enkulu uma ukwakhiwa kwenziwa emadwaleni anamadwala noma esihlabathini. Emgqeni ophakathi, lapho i-loam ibuswa, kungenye ebaluleke kakhulu ekubaleni. UBumba ubopha umuntu odonsayo obhubhisa isisekelo ngesikhathi sokuqandeka kwezikhathi ezithile nokuncipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyawushaya, kudala ukugqwala kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Lesi simo sandisa entwasahlobo nasekwindla lapho iqhwa lincibilika, futhi ikakhulukazi izimpophoma eziningi zezulu. Into enzima kunazo zonke ukuthi inesakhiwo sayo esendaweni ephansi, ikakhulukazi eduze komfula noma echibini, noma endaweni ebhukuda. Ukuxazulula inkinga, udinga ukuwaphuza isiteshi sokudonsa amanzi.Ukunquma ukuthi kusondele kangakanani ebusweni kukhona amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kuvame ukuba yi-shurta - umgodi omncane omile. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa i-auger noma ithuluzi elibhaliwe -Bourg noma ifosholo. Ukujula kwesisekelo ngaphansi kwegaraji kufanele kube ngaphezulu kwezinga labo okungenani 0.5 m.
Isisekelo sepuleti
Isisekelo esikhokhelwayo singasetshenziswa kunoma yiziphi izimo futhi singamelana nezindonga ezinzima kakhulu. Yi-monolithic evundlile ekhonkolo ekhokhwayo ekhonkolo ekhokhwayo ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwezinga lokuqanda. Ukungathandeki kwesinqumo esinjalo kuyinkimbinkimbi - ubunzima bokubala nomsebenzi. Konke lokhu kukhokha ukuqina nokwethembeka. Le phrojekthi ibhekisela esigabeni esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebizayo. Kuyadingeka kuphela lapho ezinye izinketho zingafanele. Isisekelo singasetshenziswa njengesitezi, esenza sikwazi ukonga isikhathi nezinto zokwakha. Indalo yayo yenzeka ngezigaba eziningana.
Umyalo wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo
Okokuqala, le ndawo ibekwa ngentambo eboshelwe ekushayweni. Ngemuva kwalokho benza umcamelo kusuka esihlabathini ngokuphakama kwe-10 cm . Ukuze umcamelo awuzange unikeze ukushwabana, kuniselwa ku-hose futhi kufakwe uphawu nge-tamper yencwajana. Kungenzeka ukwakhe ngokwayo kusuka kokugcwele okugcwele, kuthengise isibambo kuyo.
I-perimeter yakhiwa yifomu elivela kumabhodi anobukhulu obungu-3 cm. Ukuze isixazululo asisinqumi, siqiniswa yimigoqo ye-perpendicular kanye ne-backups. Emaphethelweni, inhlabathi ikhwazelwe. Ukusuka ngaphakathi, amafomu afakwa ngaphakathi kwe-polyethylene. Lapho-ke isenziwa. Phansi kumbozwe ngama-geoelliles, ngemuva kwalokho kuthulula isixazululo sikakhonkolo sohlobo lwe-M100. Isendlalelo akufanele sidlule 2 cm. Ngemuva kokuhlelwa, ukuhlanganiswa kuphathwa ngokwakheka okungavunyelwe kwamanzi. Zivame ukusebenzisa ithabula ngalokhu.
Ngemuva kokomiswa, ukuphazamisa amanzi kuyaqala ukwakhiwa kohlaka oluqinisiwe. Ama-grid amabili abekwe ngaphezulu nangaphansi, ahlanganiswe nezinduku zensimbi. Isigaba sabo ngokuqina kwepuleti esingu-20 cm kufanele okungenani sibe yi-1 cm, ngobukhulu bama-30 cm-1.6 cm Ukujula kwe-5 cm. Kule ndawo ngezindawo ezikhethekile zepulasitiki.
Ukugcwaliswa kwenziwa ngesikhathi - ngaphandle kwalokho inqwaba yepuleti yesisekelo kungenzeka. Ukubeka uphawu lokho okuqukethwe, kusetshenziswa i-vibrator ejulile noma induku yokuqinisa ngokuqinile.
Ukwakhiwa kweRibbon
Kunguhlaka olwenziwe yifomu, noma eliqoqwe emabhulokini. Itholakala eduze komngcele wegaraji futhi isebenza njengokusekelwa kwezindonga zawo. Ilungele kahle zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi, ngokuya ngokujulile kwayo.
Ukukhiya okuncane kusetshenziselwa izakhiwo ezinamatala kuphela ngaphandle kwesisekelo. Inhlabathi kufanele iqukathe ubumba oluncane futhi inomswakama ophansi noma ophakathi. Le nketho inconyelwe noma yiziphi izifunda, kufaka phakathi iNyakatho, lapho ukujula kwamatshe kudlula khona imitha eyodwa. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi akukuhle ukumba umgodi omkhulu wesakhiwo esingewona isikhathi. Lesi sinqumo sihlangana kaningi. Kuzuzisa kakhulu futhi kuhlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zamandla nokwethembeka.
Uma kuhlelwa idivaysi yomgodi wokubuka, ukuphakama kwezindonga zawo kufanele kube okungenani imitha.
Ukukhetha izinto
- Ama-Slagoblocks - Faka isicelo esiphelele. Azibizi futhi zinamandla aphezulu acindezelayo. Okubi kubandakanya ukumelana okuphansi kwemithwalo eguqukayo kanye nokuphikiswa okubuthakathaka komswakama, okwenza kungalungele inhlabathi emanzi.
- Amabhulokhi Foam - anobunzima obufanayo. Banenqwaba encane futhi elula ukucubungula. Isici sabo esihlukile yizinhlobo ezinhle zokufakelwa okushisayo. Ilungele izakhiwo ezikhanyayo.
- Amabhulokhi e-Ceramzite avikelekile kahle ekubanda, kepha aphathe kabi imithwalo. Ngenxa yenombolo enkulu yama-pores avulekile, okuphoqelekile kungavunyelwe ukuvunyelwa kwamanzi. UCaramzite kunzima ukucubungula. Lapho usika, uyakhala, akha onqenqemeni olungalingani.
- Ukhonkolo oqinisiwe kuyinguqulo yendawo yonke, evumela ukuthi usethe ukucaciswa kabanzi. Uma kunesidingo, izengezo, ukudala ama-pores, ukunciphisa noma ukusheshisa ukusheshisa kungangeniswa kwingxube. Impilo yayo yenkonzo yiminyaka eyi-150, ephindwe kabili ngaphezu kwezinketho ezedlule futhi kathathu ngaphezu kwezitini.
Ungathulula kanjani isisekelo segaraji
Ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomkhiqizo oludingekayo ukuze kusekelwe egalaji, udinga ukunquma ukuthi imaphi amapharamitha adingekayo. Nge-sandy ne-rock base, ama-M200 kanye nemikhiqizo ye-M250 esetshenzisiwe, ngobumba - m250 no-M300. Lapho kuphakama i-brand, lapho kuphakama khona amanzi angenamanzi, ngakho-ke, i-M300 isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwezisekelo. Ngobuningi bezindonga kanye nokujula kokushumeka kuze kufike ku-0.3 m, i-M150 ifanelekile. Ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kungcono ukusebenzisa izingxube nezithasiselo ezikhulisa ubukhulu be-plastiki. Ngesilinganiso esiphakeme samanzi aphansi komhlaba, kufanele kwenziwe kungavunyelwe. Engxenyeni ungafaka izengezo ze-hydrophobic.
Okokuqala udinga ukunquma ubukhulu, isisindo sesakhiwo, izakhiwo zenhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukubala wonke amapharamitha wesisekelo kanye nenombolo yezinto zokwakha ezidingekayo ukudala. Lapho ukubalwa sekuqediwe, kufanele kulungiswe isiza, uma kungenzeka, siyikhulula kukho konke okuzophazamisa umsebenzi. Kungcono ukucabanga kusengaphambili indawo yemishini ekhethekile bese usula indawo yokugcina indawo.
Isayithi limakwe ngezigxobo nentambo, leluliwe phakathi kwazo. Zifakwe ezinhlangothini zombili ze-trench yesikhathi esizayo ngokufana. Ububanzi bawo obujwayelekile bungama-40 cm, ukujula kungama-50 cm.
Phansi kumbozwe ngomcamelo wesihlabathi onobukhulu obungama-20 cm. Ukuze kunganikezi ukushwabana ngesikhathi sokwakha, kufakwa uphawu jet wamanzi kusuka ku-hose. Kusuka phezulu, amatshe amatshe noma okuchotshozwa ungqimba ka-10 cm kuyathululelwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, amafomu enziwe ngamabhodi anobukhulu obungama-3 cm. Kufanele akhuphuke ngaphezulu kwama-25 cm. Ingxenye engenhla kufanele icindezelwe ngamabhodi futhi Qinisa umhlaba emigoqweni. Ama-Wood jumpers angenziwa phakathi kwezindonga, anezipikili. Ukuze amabhodi angalimele, adinga ukuholwa yimigoqo emile.
Lapho amafomu esemi ngomumo, izindonga zalo ezansi futhi ezingezansi zigcwele i-polyethylene noma i-rubberoid. Uhlaka oluqinisiwe luqoqwa kusuka enduku ngengxenye yesiphambano kusuka ku-0,8 kuya ku-1.5 cm. Baxhumene nocingo oluhle kakhulu. I-Longitudinal ivunyelwe kusuka ezansi ezungeze imiphetho, okunamathiselwe okuguqukayo kubo ngesinyathelo sika-20 cm. Ngenhlabathi eshukumisayo, ifreyimu enkulu enezinduku eziphezulu eziphezulu. Esikhundleni sokushintshana, kubakaki bensimbi ngengxenye yesiphambano esiyindilinga kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Ukuze insimbi ingaxhumana nemvelo, uhlaka lubekwe kuma-racks epulasitiki. Kufanele icatshangelwe kusisombululo ekujuleni kwe-3 kuye ku-5 cm.
Kuyadingeka ukuqiniseka ukuthi wonke amathuluzi ayatholakala, futhi akukho lutho oluphazamisa ukulethwa kwesixazululo emgodini. Uma iloli lililetha, kudingeka unakekele ukuthi angangena kuleso sakhiwo. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-concrete mixer. Isixazululo kumele sibekwe ngaso leso sikhathi - kungenjalo ukuqhekeka kuzovela.
Ngemuva kokugcwalisa ngesimo sezulu esishisayo, izingxenye ezivelelayo zingcono ukuvala ngefilimu noma enye into, ngoba imifantu ingavela ngenxa ye-shinkage engafaniyo. Isixazululo sithola amandla angacacile amasonto amane. Uzokwazi ukubekezelela inqwaba yomuntu ngezinsuku eziyishumi, kepha kuzodingeka ukuthi kwakhiwe kwakhiwa kwaze kwahlehliswa kuze kube kusethi ephelele.
I-PILE Fundam
Isisekelo senqwaba siyadingeka uma ukwakhiwa kwenziwa emhlabathini oshukumisayo, futhi ukwakhiwa kunenqwaba enkulu. Ukushayela ama-Piles kuzodinga inqubo ekhethekile. Kunesinye isisombululo. Izigxobo zingenziwa ngezandla zakho khona kanye kwisakhiwo.
Ku-perimeter yezakhiwo zesikhathi esizayo, kuyadingeka ukumba izimbobo 50x50 cm ekujuleni kwama-75 cm. Kufanele ihlelwe kude nemitha eyodwa komunye nomunye. Phansi, isihlabathi simbozwe ngongqimba ka-20 cm kanti nejet lamanzi liyaqhekeka. Emaphethelweni kunokwakheka kwamafomu kusuka kumashidi e-plywood noma amabhodi. Kufanele kwenziwe ngenhla ingaphezulu kwengxenye yemitha. Kuyaqiniswa ezivela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, imiphetho ephambene iqiniswe ngama-jumpers. Ngaphakathi kufakwa ngohlaka lwensimbi eqoqekile futhi kwagcwala isisombululo.
Kuhlanganiswe fundam
Kuyinhlanganisela yetheyipu ne-columnar. Umsele wama-40 cm ububanzi ukumba ezungeze i-perimeter. Kuyo, imitha eyodwa kwenziwa kukho ngesinyathelo selinye lamamitha amabili kuya kwamabili. Zingaba ukuzungeza noma isikwele futhi zinobubanzi obuningi kunomsele. Imithombo emincane ejulile yenziwa kusetshenziswa i-BORA.
Phansi kwenelisekile ngomcamelo wesihlabathi. Ifomu lingasebenza njengezinto eziqinile ezingangeni manzi, zigoqelwe ku-roll, noma ishubhu yobubanzi obufanele. Ikholomu eyindilinga, uhlaka lwensimbi olwenziwe ngezinduku ezimbalwa ezime mpo nge-0.8-1.5 cm yenziwa. Kuhlinzekwa ngezinduku kanye ne-wire ngohlaka oluphambili futhi kuthululelwe ukhonkolo.