Sithi ukuthi yiziphi izigaba okuzodingeka zihambe ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa okusemthethweni kokuvuselelwa kabusha futhi yimiphi imikhawulo engavimbela.
Kuze kube ekuqaleni kwama-2000s, lapho ukwakhiwa kabusha kuxhaswe, ukudilizwa kodonga lwangaphandle akudingi ukusebenzisana. Isimo esisezimpandeni sashintsha lapho kunezinqubo eziphathelene nezinguquko ezingagunyaziwe ekuhlelweni kwefulethi ezingeni lomthetho. Manje ukuqedwa kweyunithi ye-balcony kungenzeka kuphela uma izimo eziningi zibhekwa. Ukuqina okunjalo kuchazwa ngokuyinhloko ngokucatshangelwa kwezokuphepha. Ngokusho kwabaqambi, umbuzo uwukuthi - Ungahlanganisa kanjani igumbi nge-loggia - kungenye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu. Sizokutshela imininingwane ongayitshela futhi ongakwazi, nokuthi ungayithola kanjani imvume.
Ukunamathisela i-loggia egumbini noma ekhishini
Ungakwazi noma awukwazi- Izinkambiso Nemithetho
- Uhlu lwemikhawulo
Ukuxhumana kwephrojekthi
I-algorithm yokwenza umsebenzi
Ungakwazi noma awukwazi
Kunezinombolo eziningi ezincike esimweni sesakhiwo nezakhi zayo zokuthwala. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ngabe ikuvumela ukuthi uhlele kabusha, kufanele uthinte inkampani yobunjiniyela. Uhlu lwezindlela ezivinjelwe zokuhlelwa kabusha zitholakala kumakhodi akhona, izinqumo namazinga ezobuchwepheshe.
Izinkambiso Nemithetho
Umthetho awunikezi impendulo engathandeki ehlangabezana nazo zonke izimo. Ekhelini lezindlu leRussia Federation Kuthiwa noma yiluphi ushintsho ezinhlakeni ezisekelayo lubhekwa njenge-redevelop, oludinga ukuqondiswa kwamambala ngokuya nge-BTI. Ushintsho olunjalo lubandakanya ukudilizwa kwebhlokhi le-balcony kanye nokwanda kokuvulwa. Izenzakalo ezinjalo kufanele zenziwe kuphela ngemuva kokuvuma ezimeni zikahulumeni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi iphrojekthi esuselwa ekuhlolweni kokwakha ngosizo lwemishini yobunjiniyela ekhethekile kanye nezibalo ezenziwa ngochwepheshe ezinhlanganweni zephrojekthi. Ngokomthetho, amaphrojekthi angabandakanyeka kuphela ezinkampanini ezinelayisense elifanele.
Indawo yokuhlala kumele ihambisane nezidingo ezithile zokuhlanzeka kanye nezobuchwepheshe ezinikezwe ku-Gost nasezinhlolweni. Ngokwephulwa kwabo, imibhalo yephrojekthi ayikwazi ukuguquguquka. Ukuze uzenze ngokusemthethweni ngomsebenzi wokulungisa, ikhomishini izophoqelela umnikazi wefulethi ukuze abuyise izindlu ngokubukeka okufanayo. Uma lokhu kungenzeki ukukwenza, ukwakheka okulimele kuzodingeka ukuthi kuqiniswe - ngaphandle kwalokho kuzobeka engcupheni impilo nempilo yabahlali, kanye nabadlulayo abangahleliwe. Kufanelekile ukukhuluma kanjani ukuthi kuyingozi kangakanani isitofu esivundlile.
Ukuqinisa, njengomthetho, kubukeka kuyingozi kakhulu futhi kungama-beams wensimbi, thatha ngaphezulu kwama-20 cm wokuphakama kwegumbi. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi isinqumo esinjalo sizofanelana nabanikazi befulethi endlini yephaneli, uma bazi kusengaphambili ukuthi ekhishini labo elicwebezelayo kuzoba nzima ukwephula umkhawulo.
Ngaphezu kwekhodi yezindlu yeRussia Federation kanye namazinga wokuhlanzeka kanye nemithetho yendawo. Esimemelweni sikaHulumeni waseMoscow No. 508-PP, kuthiwa ukujoyina i-balcony endaweni yangaphakathi kubhekisele emisebenzini eyenqatshelwe. Lokhu kusho ukusatshalaliswa okugcwele kodonga. Isinqumo singenisa ukuvinjelwa ekudluliseni kwe-radiator exhunywe ohlelweni lwe-GVS noma amapayipi okushisa okuphakathi, ngaphesheya kwekamelo noma ekhishini. Noma iyiphi inhlangano yephrojekthi ngeke ixhumanise isinqumo esinjalo.
Ngokomthetho, kwenqatshelwe ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungisa ngaphansi kwamandla ezinhlaka zenkampani elahlekile. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ukuguqulwa kabusha kungenzeka, kuzodingeka ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thintana nenkampani yobunjiniyela ngelayisense elifanele.
Uhlu lwemikhawulo
Uma uqoqa zonke izinto ezithinta ukutholwa kwemvume, ungenza uhlu lwemikhawulo esebenza ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Ifulethi lesakhiwo sokuhlala alivunyelwe:- ukudluliswa kwe-radiator ngaphandle ekhishini nasekamelweni;
- Ukuhlukaniswa okugcwele kodonga lwangaphandle - uma kususwa, ipuleti le-balcony ngeke lincike;
- Ukuqedwa kwama-jumpers akhonkolo aqinisiwe ngaphezulu kokuvula - ngaphandle kwawo, iphaneli yodonga izolahlekelwa amandla;
- Ukuqedwa kwe-Clad - Idizayini yekhonsoli inamathele kuyo;
- Ukusika ama-ruddle aseceleni we-loggia, kanye nokwanda kobukhulu bawo, kuboniswe ngokubonakala kwesakhiwo;
- Ukukhanyisa - Uma kwenzeka indlu iyisikhumbuzo sokwakha, futhi ukubukeka kwayo kufanele kugcinwe kungashintshiwe.
Izigaba zokuxhumana kwephrojekthi
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuxazulula inkinga nge-balcony ekhazimulayo. Uma kungenjalo, noma uma eqinisweni, kepha ngolwazi lwe-BTI ngakho-ke alahlekile, kuzofanele uthinte onjiniyela bakhe indlu ekuhlolweni kwezindlu noma emkhandlwini wesifunda. Njengomthetho, izinkinga zokuthola imvume azenzeki. Ikhomishini ingahle iphendule ngokwenqaba uma indlu iyisikhumbuzo sokwakhiwa, kanye nezinguquko ekubukekeni kwakhe akuvunyelwe.
Ukukhazimulisa akufanele kube nzima ukungazenzeli izinhlaka ezisekelayo. Kuzodingeka ukuhlinzeka ukufakwa okuhlangabezana nemithetho yezobuchwepheshe yamanje. Akufanele kube yinto esebenza kahle kunaleyo yodonga lwangaphandle lwe-Outter. Ubunjiniyela bokushisa, kanye nabo bonke abanye ukubalwa, kuzobhekwa ngezimo ezikhipha imvume yokuhlela kabusha kabusha.
Kubalulekile ukuthi ingxenye ye-translucent ithatha indawo eyanele, ngaphandle kokudlula ukushisa. Iphuzu lapha akuyona nje kuphela ukuthi ifulethi linombono opharemu. Kunezidingo ezikhethekile zokungabonakali okumele zibonwe. Ngakho-ke ekhishini lasekamelweni lokulala kwakunentofontofo, kuzofanela ufake ingilazi engezansi ezintathu ngokufakwa okuthuthukisiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho amathemba okusabela okuhle azokwanda lapho kuvunyelwe.
Yonke imisebenzi ehlobene nephrojekthi, ukuthi ungahlanganisa kanjani i-loggia, ingahlanganiswa ibe yiphrojekthi eyodwa. Ngokusebenzisana kwayo, uzodinga ukuqoqa iphakethe elikhulu lemibhalo.
Iphakheji yedokhumenti yokuxhumana
- Ukunwebisa amadokhumenti noma amakhophi abo aboshwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhipha egngn, okungatholakala ku-rosrestre noma i-MFC. Inketho yesibili izothatha izinsuku ezimbalwa isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuxhumana ne-rosrestr ngqo. Kulokhu, ulinde cishe isonto lonke.
- Iphasiphothi ye-Technical Passport kanye necebo le-BTI. Ngokungabikho kwabo, kuyadingeka ukuxhumana ne-BTI noku-oda ukusuka kochwepheshe ngesilinganiso nokukhipha ipasipoti nohlelo;
- Iphrojekthi yokwakhiwa kabusha eyenziwe ngumkhankaso wobunjiniyela onayo ilayisense yokufeza imisebenzi efanayo.
- Isiphetho Sezobuchwepheshe ngesimo sepuleti ye-balcony nezakhiwo zenkampani yenethiwekhi;
- Imvume yenhlangano engumgqomo olinganiselayo ekhaya.
- Usizo oluvela ku-rompatthelnadzor, uMnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo, Inkonzo Yezomlilo, inhlangano eganwe ekugadwe kwezakhiwo, uma isakhiwo sisendaweni yentuthuko yomlando.
Uhlu lungashintsha. Ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene, kunomehluko omkhulu. Ukuqonda ngokwakho, ukuthi ungahlanganisa kanjani i-loggia ngekhishi noma igumbi, kunzima impela, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuphathisa ukuxhumanisa kwabameli kwi-Engineering Firm ngesipiliyoni kule ndaba.
Ikhomishini inquma amasonto amabili, kepha udinga ukulungiselelwa iqiniso lokuthi iphrojekthi kuzodingeka ihlalise kabusha futhi iphinde inikeze.
I-algorithm yokujoyina i-loggia egumbini
Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuqonda ukuthi ukwakhiwa kabusha okunjalo kungenzeka yini. Izindlu ezindala azenzelwe izinyathelo ezinjalo zokuhlela kabusha. Abaningi babo bagqokwa kakhulu kangangokuba badinga ukulungiswa okukhulu. Ngokungenelela, okuholela ekukhuphukeni kwemithwalo ngaphezulu okuvumelekile, akunakuba khona inkulumo. Isimo singalungiswa kusetshenziswa uhlaka oluqinisiwe, kepha lungaba lukhuni kakhulu. Kulokhu, umbono kuzodingeka ulahle. Impendulo ukuthi ngabe ikhona yini ithuba lokusebenzisa uhlelo oluhleliwe, luzokwazi ukunikeza kuphela inhlangano yokwakha ngemuva kokuhlola izinto ezakhayo kanye nesimo sendawo yonke.
Uma kungekho okukhazimulayo, kufanele kwenziwe. Kufakwe amafasitela amathathu acwebezelayo acwebezelayo kubuchwepheshe be-chain afaneleka kangcono. Ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa, ungafaka ukuvulwa kwamafilimu akuwona yonke indawo. Ungakhawulela eyodwa noma ezimbili. Inkinga yokuphakamisa ukushisa kulula ukunquma, ukushintshana ngokukhazimulayo ngokufakwa kwezithulu ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 4. Lokhu kwanele ukubukwa kwe-panoramic kusuka endlini.
Ama-loggias nama-balconies awanawo ukufakwa okushisa okwenele. Igumbi lizobanda uma linganikezwanga ngaphambi kokuxhuma amanye amamitha skwele. Lokhu kusebenzisa uvolo wamaminerali, i-polyurethane Foam, i-folststyrene eveziwe, kanye nezinye izinto ezinezinto ezifanayo. Ngaphandle nangaphakathi kuyadingeka ukuvala ungqimba olungangeni manzi, oluvimbela umswakama kusuka ngaphakathi, futhi hlanza kahle imifantu nge-baving mastic. Ifilimu ekhethekile esekelwe ku-polyethylene ivame ukusetshenziswa. Ukusuka ku-insole, ukufakwa kuvalwe yi-crate edala isisekelo esiqinile sokuqeda nokugoba.
Njengoba sesivele sazi, kungenzeka ukwandisa ukuvulwa kuphela kancane. Ebumnyameni, usuku lokukhanya okuvela e-chandelier ngeke lwanele. Udonga oluhlukanisa i-balcony kusuka ezakhiweni ezinkulu kubhekwa njengokungemuva, ngakho-ke kuvinjelwe ku-wiring kagesi. Kuzofanela sinciphise ukukhomba izibani. Izitolo kufanele zibekwe ekhishini noma egumbini. Uma udinga ukuhlinzeka ngokudla ngaphandle kwazo, ungalungisa ipuleti ye-plug odongeni, oluhlanganisa isokhethi.
Umkhawulo ongezansi kanye ne-jumper ephezulu kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlale ezindaweni zawo. Cishe i-Windows Block izovinjelwa futhi, bese i-radiator akufanele ithwale. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzodingeka ukuthi ubhekisele kumphathi webhalansi ukucisha okwesikhashana ukufudumeza. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukudlulisa le nqubo isikhathi esifudumele, ngaphezu kwalokho, akuhlali njalo.
Uma kuhlelwa ukuvulwa, kungcono ukungasebenzisi i-perforator, ikakhulukazi nge-sledgehammer. Wonke umsebenzi kumele wenziwe usebenzisa umshini wokusika odongeni ngombuthano wedayimane. Yilapho-ke kuphela lapho kuzoba bushelelezi, futhi izinhlaka zodonga zizohlala ziqinile. Imoto isusa isitini futhi iqiniswe ngokhonkolo, ibhekana kahle nokuqiniswa.