Sikhuluma ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani amabhlogo wokwakha, ukuklama ukwakheka nokwenza umsebenzi okhulayo wokubeka isisekelo ngokushesha nangendlela efanele.
Ungasenza kanjani isisekelo kumabhulokhi we-FBS
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezintoIzincomo zokugcina nokuhamba
Design ekhaya
Izinzuzo nokubi kwama-FBS
Ukwenza kanjani umsebenzi wokufaka
- Senza uMarkup
- Umsele noma ama-boilers
- Insiza yedivayisi
- Ungakukhiqiza Kanjani Masonry
- Izindlela Ezengeziwe
Indlu ngayinye, ayihlangene kakhulu, iyadingeka ekusekelweni, ngaphandle kwayo izokuwa, izohamba iye emhlabathini ngaphansi kwethonya lesisindo salo, okuhlala lihamba ngenxa yokunyakaza kwenhlabathi, ngaphandle kwalokho ,-ke, isakhiwo asimi ku-slab yamatshe enkulu. Isisekelo sezakhiwo ezenzelwe indawo yokuhlala enziwa ngonyaka owenziwe ngezitini noma izingodo ezisindayo zihlelwe ngezindlela ezimbalwa. Ngamunye wabo unezinzuzo ezithile nobunzima. Ngezansi kuzoba yimiyalo yesinyathelo-ngesinyathelo ekwakhiweni kwesisekelo kusuka emabhulokini ama-FBS, kanye nokuhlaziywa kokuqhathanisa okuvumela ukuthi kuqhathaniswe nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ze-block
Imikhiqizo ihlukile ngosayizi, isisindo namandla, kanye nokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwe-voids ye-wiring nokunye ukuxhumana. Endabeni yokugcina, ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-FBP" kuyasetshenziswa. Njengomthetho, ukufakwa kwezimali akubekwa kusisombululo esigabeni sokukhiqiza, ngaphandle kwalo ukuqina kwemithwalo kuncishiswe ngokusobala. Ukuqiniswa kufakwe uku-oda ezimweni zefekthri, kepha lezi zinyathelo azidingi ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa ekuphakameni okuphezulu nobukhulu bezakhiwo ezisekelayo zesakhiwo.
Izinhlobo ezintathu zikakhonkolo zisetshenziswa njengezinto ezibonakalayo: esindayo, izilindi nobumba ngokuqina okufanele kuka-2400, 200 no-1800 kg / m3. Ukumelana nokusabalalisa imithwalo emile mpo kuncike kule paramitha. Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu ziboniswa ekubhakeni kwezinhlamvu ezintathu ezikhulu: "T" - esindayo; "P" - ezinhlanganisweni ze-porous, okungukuthi, ubumba; "C" buste.
Isigaba ngamandla acindezelayo sichaziwe etafuleni
| Bhanqa | Amandla aphakathi, KGF / CM² | Isixazululo |
| B3.5 | 45.8. | Undlwana |
| B7.5 | 98.2 | M100 |
| B12.5 | 163.7 | M150 |
| B15 | 196.5 | M200 |
Ukumelana nesithwathwa kudlula imijikelezo engama-50 yesithwathwa kanye nokuncipha. Uma sibheka ukuthi uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lwesakhiwo lungahlala luthintana nomoya ofudumele, ongakuvumeli ukuba lukhulule, impilo yenkonzo iba ngaphezu kwaleyo ezakhiwe ezathembeka kakhulu.
Ukumelana namanzi W2 kuvikela ngokuthembekile kusuka kumswakama uma isixazululo se-masonry singaphumeleli, futhi uma ukubalwa kwephrojekthi kwenziwa ngaphandle kwamaphutha.
Yonke imikhiqizo ifakwe ama-hinge akhuphukayo adingekayo ukuze athathe empompini. Lapho ufaka, agobeke kalula futhi awadali izinkinga, kepha kungenzeka ukukhiqiza futhi ngaphandle kwazo.
Amazinga akhona avumela osayizi abengejwayelekile nobukhulu obujwayelekile.
Isitoreji Nokutalingo Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo
Isitoreji kufanele senziwe kwizitaki ezinokuphakama okuphezulu kwe-2,5 m, ehlukaniswe endaweni eqinile futhi ebushelelezi. Umugqa ngamunye kufanele ulale emichilo yezinkuni ngobukhulu obungu-3 cm. Umthetho ofanayo uvumelekile ukuthutha. Umthwalo kufanele ulungiswe kahle emzimbeni ngendlela yokuthi uvikele ukunyakaza kwawo. Ukuphakama kwesitaki kuya ngomthamo wemoto.
Design ekhaya
Kusukela ngoMashi 1, 2019, i-Suburban Real Estate sehlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili:
- I-Garden House;
- Into yokwakha izindlu ngawodwa (izhs).
Esimweni sokuqala, ukwakhiwa kungaba yilutho: kusuka esakhiweni esincane sendawo yokuhlala yesizini eya endlini. Kwesesibili, kuyisikhathi esigcwele lapho umnikazi wawo enelungelo lokuthola ukubhaliswa njengasefulethini lasemadolobheni. Ngohlobo olunjalo lobunikazi, kunezindinganiso namazinga afanayo wezobuchwepheshe kanye namazinga njengazo zonke izakhiwo zokuhlala. Ukuthola idokhumenti ekuvumela ukuthi ubheke into enjalo enezindlu ezigcwele, iphrojekthi kumele idalwe futhi ivunyelwe ezimeni zombuso. Kufanele ukuthi ibandakanyeke ekukhuleni kwayo kufaka phakathi ukubalwa kwengxenye engaphansi komhlaba, kufanele inhlangano enelayisense elifanele.
Endlini yengadi, noma yini ayekade enombono wobunjiniyela, lokhu kuvunywa ngeke kudingeke. Ngobuningi bezindonga nophahla, amapharamitha wezobuchwepheshe angabekwa engcupheni yawo, eqondiswa okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu. Uma indlu yegadi ihlelelwa ukubanjwa ngekhulu leminyaka ngethuba lokudluliselwa kwalo kuma-IzHS, kungcono ukuxhumana nenhlangano yokwakha.
Onjiniyela abanolwazi kumele baqale bahlole inhlabathi ensimini lapho kwahlelwa khona ukwakhiwa. Esehlokeni lobumba, olubonakala ngokuhamba nokuqina okujulile, kuyadingeka ukubeka isisekelo esindayo sokujula okungu-0.7 m. Okwe-SANDY ngokwanele, ukujula okulula okungu-0.5 m. Imiklamo elula ivunyelwe lapha. I-sole kufanele ibekwe ngaphansi komugqa wokuqandisa, kusukela lapho sehlelwe kumazinga okushisa amabi, inhlabathi iqala ukwanda. Ukujula kokushumeka futhi ngokuqondile kuya ngezinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba. Mhlawumbe inhlolovo izokhombisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwesixazululo esithile sobunjiniyela esizeni akwamukeleki. Futhi umele ama-lens wamanzi - amaqoqo amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akhiwa ungqimba lobumba, embozwe ngesihlabathi. Kuphela inqubo ekhethekile yobunjiniyela ekwazi ukuzithola.
Ububanzi nokuphakama, kanye nazo zonke izici zesakhiwo, akufanele zithathwe esweni. Yenza iziphetho ezifanele ezisuselwa ezilinganisweni ezidingekayo nokubalwa okuwukuphela kochwepheshe abafanelekayo.
Uhlelo lwesisekelo sendlu luyingxenye yephrojekthi yakhe. Kungukuvunyelwa okuvundlile emaphethelweni aphezulu. Njengomthetho, isilinganiselo se-1: 200 noma i-1: 400 siyathathwa. Uhlelo kufanele lubhalwe konke ukuxhumana, ukufaka indawo kwalo. Imininingwane kumele iboniswe enanini lobuchwepheshe. Ingxenye yesithombe ikhombisa ukwakheka kwezinto ezenziwe ngezezimali kuwo wonke ama-tiers. Uma izingxenye zeMonolithic zicatshangwa, kufanele futhi ziphawulwe emdwebeni kanye nayo yonke imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe.
Izinzuzo Nesisekelo sezisekelo ezivela kumabhulokhi we-FBS
Ngokwakhiwa okuphansi, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezimbili zezakhiwo ezisekelayo zezindlu ezakhiwe kusuka kumalogi asindayo, izitini nezinye izinto ezinesisindo esibalulekile ezisetshenzisiwe:
- I-Concrete Monolithic Cushion, ukudalwa kwawo okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwefomu;
- Ukuvimba ukululeka.
I-conolithic ribbon ihlala isikhathi eside, kepha ayiguquki kancane, ngakho-ke inamathuba amancane okusinda lapho inhlabathi ibolekile. Ukulandelana kwendlela yesibili kulula. Ngokutshala imali efanayo kanye nokwakhiwa, uma kusetshenziswa, umsebenzi uzokwenziwa ngokushesha ngokushesha, ngoba ngeke kube nesidingo sokulinda amasonto amane lapho amafomu ethola futhi ethola amandla adingekayo.
Enye into ehlukile kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise i-block masonry ebusika. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le ngxube kumazinga okushisa amabi iqandisiwe futhi ithola ukuqina okuncane kunasesimweni sezulu esomile esifudumele. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nezimpawu zayo ezonakalisiwe zizokwanele lapho kusanele idivaysi engaphansi kwesitezi. Uma isikhathi sicindezela, akunandaba ukuthi kukhombisa i-thermometer emgwaqweni - kanye noma minus. Ilinde intwasahlobo akudingeki.
Ibhonasi ebalulekile ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwakhiwa kusuka kwimikhiqizo esetshenzisiwe. Isitoko sabo sibanjwe iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100.
Isigaba sephrojekthi senziwe lula, ngoba kulula ukubeka usayizi ojwayelekile owaziwayo kunokuba ubala kahle amapharamitha efomu.
Ukuphazamiseka ukuthi ukufakwa kuzodinga ukuthi i-crane yokuphakamisa ibekwe esizeni. Yebo, uma kukhona i-Winch noma i-WinCH yokuphakamisa yezandla, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungazi ukuthi ukubeka ikhambi kwifomu elinefosholo noma ipompo kulula kakhulu.
Ukwenza kanjani umsebenzi ekwakhiweni komhlaba
Njengoba sesibonile, ingabe konke ngeke kusebenze ngezandla zethu - ukuthola idatha ebaliwe, kudingeka amadivaysi akhethekile, ukususa futhi ukufaka kahle izimpahla ezinesisindo sethani kungaba yi-crane kuphela noma i-brigade yokwakha .Senza uMarkup
Udinga ukuqala ngokulungiswa kwensimu. Kuyadingeka ukubala kusengaphambili lapho i-crane izovuka khona, lapho kuzotholakala khona indawo yokugcina.
Ngemuva kwakho konke ukuphazamiseka kuyasuswa futhi kukhona uhlelo lokusebenza olucacile, umaki we-perimentet wenziwa. Kukhona ama-engeli ngekusasa ekhaya, ama-Pegs anamafulegi aqhutshwa kulezi zindawo, futhi intambo yeluliwe phakathi kwazo. Izikhonkwane kumele zibe maphakathi netheyithi ekhonkolo eklanyelwe ibanga elifanayo ukusuka kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Ukuzishayela phansi edelingeni yamamitha ukusuka emaphethelweni ukuze bangawi kanye nomhlabathi oshubile. Kudingeka amafulegi ukuze abe ne-crane nesikebhe ukubabona kangcono.
Lapho-ke kuboniswa izinto ezibalulekile ezibalulekile, ukuba khona kwazo kuzothinta idivaysi eyisisekelo. Uma isakhiwo sine-perimeter eyinkimbinkimbi nesakhiwo, umaki wenziwe ngopende, chalk noma lime. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthengwa nokulethwa kwezinto zokwakha kuyathengwa. Inani lezinto ezenzelwe ukuqalwa kabusha nendawo yazo kuma-masonry zinqunywa esigabeni sokuklama.
Umsele noma ugwinyiwe?
Isisekelo seRibbon kusuka kumabhulokhi we-FBS kubekwe emseleni noma e-PITA. Ukhetho lokugcina kufanelekile uma kuhlelwa phansi phansi, noma uma inhlabathi incipha. Kuyadingeka futhi ukumbamba lapho ubeka ngaphansi komklamo ophambili wamapuleti akhethekile we-FL, enefomu le-trapezoid elishibilikile, elibavumela ukuthi basabalalise kangcono umthwalo.
Esimweni sokuqala, ububanzi bucishe bube ngu-1.5 m, obuthathwe indawo yokudonsa, ukushisa kanye nokungena kwamanzi, kanye nokujula kuka-0.5-0.9 m, e-Second the Spt kukhudlwana. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zinhlaka, la mapharamitha kufanele athathwe ngokusho kwephrojekthi. Ezifundeni ezibandayo lapho inhlabathi iqhwa ekujuleni kwamamitha ambalwa, akufanele ujule ekujuleni. Ukungeza okwengeziwe 20-30 cm akulungile.
Inhlabathi ingcono ukuyigoqa isiza ukuze ingadluli inqubo yokufinyelela futhi ingaphazamisi ukunyakaza.
Insiza yedivayisi
Ngokuya ngezakhiwo zenhlabathi, kungaba yitshe elichotshoziwe noma umcamelo wesihlabathi noma ibhande kusuka kumapuleti e-FL. Inketho yokuqala ilungele inhlabathi yokuhlala phansi, okwesibili - ukuhambisa ngokuqukethwe okukhulu kobumba. Kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile, kepha kuqinisekisa ukuqina okudingekayo ekwakhiweni. Esikhundleni samapuleti, indlela yefomu ivame ukusetshenziswa. Kushibhile, kepha uma kusetshenziswa, kuzofanela kulinde amasonto ama-3-4 kuze kube yilapho isixazululo sibanjwe futhi sidonse amandla wevintage. Noma kunjalo, kuthathwe ngokukhethekile kuye. Cabanga ngayo ngemininingwane eminingi. Ingaphezulu liqondaniswe futhi umcamelo weshumi nanhlanu ovela esihlabathini uhlelwe kuwo. Kusuka ngaphezulu, kuthululwa itshe elichotshoziwe le-15 cm. Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwalolu hlelo, ungqimba ngalunye kufanele kube uphawu olungezansi ngalunye nge-traam yezandla noma ukudlidliza. Okuqukethwe kuhlanganiswe ngokushesha uma kumanzi. Ngokuhamba okubuthakathaka kwenhlabathi, amabhlogo angafakwa esisekelweni esinjalo. Ake sithi inhlabathi iqukethe ubumba obukhulu, futhi sisadinga ukwenza ukhonkolo kuphela.
Ifomu lihlangene lisuka emabhodini abushelelezi ukuze ingxube ingaphumi. Baqiniswa izibalo kanye nama-backups ukuze angagobi ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi angawi. Uhlaka lokuqiniswa lubekwe ngaphakathi, okubandakanya izinduku ezingezo ezivundlile ezinobubanzi obungu-10-15 mm, kushaywe phezu kwemiphetho kusuka phezulu nangaphansi nokwakhiwa ubuso obune. Ngosizo lwe-wire, babopha omunye nomunye nge-Thinner enezingqimba ezivundlile noma kubakaki abasebenza ekukhuphukeni kwe-10-20 cm. AmaKarkas kufanele avele kwikhambi futhi ahlukaniswe noxhumana nabo ngemvelo ukugwema ukugcwala kwawo, ngakho-ke iboshelwe kuma-racks amancane wensimbi kuyo eyayikuphakama kwe-1-2 cm ngaphezulu komhlaba. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi zigxile ngokuphelele kwingxube hhayi kangako kusuka phezulu, kepha kuphansi. Phansi kungafakwa kumuntu oshibhile manzi ukuze i-ketshezi lingehli.
Ukuthulula kwenziwa kancane futhi ngokulinganayo. Ukubeka ingxube futhi ususe ukungabi nalutho, kuyadingeka ukuthela njalo ifosholo noma induku yensimbi. Esigabeni sokugcina, ingaphezulu liqondaniswe. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo kuzofanela simangele njalo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, imifantu izokwakha nge-shrinkage ebukhali futhi engalingani.
Ungakukhiqiza Kanjani Masonry
I-Concrete Brand M100 ibekelwe phansi. Ngokwesilinganiso, kusetshenziswa amalitha ayi-10 ngokwesilinganiso. Ukuze zonke izinto ezenzelwe ukuba zibe ncamashi, izintambo zisuka emaphethelweni ziye emaphethelweni odonga. Amabhulokhi aboniswa ezingeni ukuze amaqembu awo asendaweni ephakeme. Umthungo phakathi kwabo uthululelwa ngesisombululo. Umugqa ngamunye kufanele ubekwe ezansi, usuka ezinhlakeni zangaphandle zokuthwala kwangaphakathi.Izindlela Ezengeziwe
Isisekelo, ngisho nasezifundeni eziseningizimu, lapho kuwa khona imvula encane, idinga ukubhekana nokungapheli amanzi. Emhlabathini, umswakama uhlala uqongelela lokho kungadala ukugqwala kwezinto, kushiye igebe, likucekele phansi. Kulokhu kungenzeki, ungasebenzisa i-mastic ye-liquid. Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, lapho inhlabathi imanzi, kunconywa ukwenza igobolondo elengeziwe kusuka ku-rubberoid.
Idizayini izoba namandla futhi iqinile, uma ngaphezulu kwefomu esebenzisa olunye ungqimba lukakhonkolo olunama-25 cm. Umthwalo ovela phezulu, bese welulwa kusuka ngezansi, ngakho Kungcono ukubeka izinduku ezengeziwe zokuqinisa kusuka ngezansi.
Ngemiyalo enemininingwane, bheka ividiyo.