Abanikazi bamakhethini nezindlu ezingaphandle kwedolobha kufanele bacabange ukuthi bangaletha kanjani amanzi endlini. Ngakho-ke ungazikhetha kanjani izinto zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ngakwesokudla? Ake sizame ukukuthola
Ngakho-ke, unomthombo wamanzi. Imithombo ingasebenza njengomthombo, umthombo wamanzi wokuphuza noma ubuchwepheshe emgaqweni lapho kudlula khona ishubhu le-commal kanye nokuxhumana kwakho (ukufaka) kwakho (ukufaka) kucatshangelwa. Kunoma ikuphi, ipayipi lomgwaqo elisetshenziselwa unyaka wonke kufanele lihlangane ngaphansi kwezinga le-premer yenhlabathi ukuze amanzi kuwo awakhiphi ngisho nakwiqhwa elinamandla kakhulu futhi elihlala isikhathi eside.
Yimaphi amapayipi azoba?
Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule, yonke into yayilula futhi icacile ngamapayipi: Kusetshenziswe amapayipi wensimbi - kusetshenziswe amapayipi wensimbi - insimbi yensimbi, kuyaqabukela. Insimbi. Manje uhla lwamapayipi okuhlinzekwa kwamanzi lunwebe kakhulu.
Amapayipi e-Viega, uchungechunge lwe-SmartPress (ukufakwa kwensimbi engagqwali)
Amapayipi amapayipi amanzi e-cottage akhethiwe ngokuya ngezimpawu zawo zezobuchwepheshe, impilo yenkonzo, ukufakwa kalula futhi, izindleko. Amapayipi enziwe ama-polymers (PE POLYETYLELE, POLYPROPYLELE PP, PVC polyvinyl chloride, njll.) Nezinto ezihlanganisiwe zatholakala ngokusakazeka okukhulu kakhulu. Lesi sakamuva sifaka amapayipi wensimbi-polymer namapayipi we-polymer aqiniswa ne-fiberglass.
Amapayipi e-Viega, uchungechunge lwephrofayili (ithusi)
Sikhetha okuqukethwe
I-Polypropylene (PP)
Amapayipi e-polypropylene ahlukaniswa ngentengo ephansi. Ake sithi 1 pose Ibhopi le-PP elingenamikhali elinobubanzi obungu-20 mm bungathengwa ama-ruble angama-25-30. I-Polypropylene iqinile impela, amapayipi aphethe kahle ifomu, kepha awakwazi ukugoba. Ukuxhumeka kwamapayipi e-PP kanye nokufakelwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-welding. Lokhu kudinga ithuluzi elikhethekile elingathengwa cishe ama-ruble ayi-1. Ububi obukhulu bokuthi amapayipi e-PP ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa lapho kufuthelwa. Amanye amamodeli amapayipi anjalo awakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukupompa uketshezi olunamazinga okushisa angenhla kwama-60 ° C. Isibonelo, lawa ngamapayipi enziwe nge-propenene copolymer engahleliwe (eboniswe yi-PP-R). Manje abakhiqizi bashintshela ku-thermostabilized polypropylene (PP-RCT), eyenzelwe uketshezi ku-85 ° C ngesimo sokuhlola izingalo esizohlelwa emapayipi. Ezindimeni zabo, kunezindawo ezihlukanisiwe ezingokwejika zepayipi noma okufakiwe okubunjiwe kwe-P.| Ibanga elinquma phakathi ububanzi besingelezi Amapayipi, bheka | Ipayipi elivundlile, cm | I-Pipe PP evundlile, bheka | Pndt pnd vertical, cm | I-Pipe PP vertical, cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| amashumi amabili | 35-40 | 45-50 | 50-55 | 60-65 |
| 25. | 40-45 | 60-65 | 70-75 | 75-80 |
| 32. | 45-55 | 70-75 | 90-100 | 100-110 |
| 40. | 50-65 | 90-95 | I-110-120 | 130-140. |
* Isinyathelo sincike kuhlobo lwamapayipi namazinga okushisa amanzi (Ithebula libonisa amanani wamanzi ngamazinga okushisa angu-20 ° C, esokeni lokushisa, isinyathelo siyancipha).
Ingcindezi ephansi polyethylene (PND)
Kubhekiswa kwenye yezinhlobo ezingabizi kakhulu zamapayipi. I-Bay Pipe enobubanzi obungu-20 mm no-25 m ubude bangathengwa ngama-ruble angama-400-500. Amapayipi e-PND abekezelela kahle amazinga okushisa aphansi ngaphansi kwe-zero futhi ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlela ukuhlela komgwaqo, kepha bona, njengomthetho, awalungele amanzi ngamazinga okushisa angenhla kwe-40 ° C.
Amashubhu wengcindezi ephansi ye-polyethylene nama-fittings (PND) asetshenziswa kabanzi lapho ubeka ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngaphandle
| Uhlobo lwepayipi | I-Polypropylene | Polyethylene Ingcindezi ephansi | I-Metalplastic | Stitched polyethylene | Insimbi | Ithusi |
| Izici | Icilongo elinzima, ngezomnotho elinye elishibhile, liya ekuxhumekeni okungaphendulwanga, alibekezelela kabi amazinga okushisa aphezulu | Ngokwezomnotho ngomunye wabashibhile, ungesabi i-ultraviolet | Ishubhu eliguqukayo, okulula, okungenakuqhathaniswa ngomoya-mpilo, ungesabi amazinga okushisa aphezulu | Ipayipi eliguquguqukayo, lihlanganiswe endaweni engahlosiwe, libekezelela kabi imiphumela yokukhanya kwelanga | Icilongo elinzima, elinomuzwa, ukufakwa kwe-welding noma ukuqina | Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali Ukuvumelana nezimo, kuhle ngokuncomekayo ukubukeka, intengo ephezulu |
| Isicelo | Ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okubandayo, Uhlobo lwe-PP-RCT kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okushisayo, izintambo ezifuywayo | Inethiwekhi yasemgwaqweni yamapayipi amanzi | Ukushisa, Ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, i-wiring yangaphandle | Amanethiwekhi okushisa angaphandle (phansi okufudumele) nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi | Uhlobo lwe-Universal lusetshenziswe yonke indawo | Ukushisa, Amanethiwekhi Okuhlinzekelwe Amanzi Okunethezeka (kufaka phakathi izinto zokuhlobisa) |
I-Metal Plastics (MP)
Lawa ngamapayipi e-multilayer lapho izingqimba zangaphandle nezingaphakathi zodonga lwamapayipi zenziwe ngezinto zodonga lwe-polymeric, futhi phakathi kwazo ziyi-aluminium. Amapayipi e-MP ahloselwe ngokuyinhloko ukufudumeza, ngoba ukuklanywa kwawo kuqeda ukuguquguquka komoya-mpilo ngezindonga zawo. Kepha baphinde basetshenziselwe i-wiring yasekhaya ngenxa yezinzuzo ezakhayo: ziyavumelana nezimo, ngenkathi zibamba kahle ifomu futhi azinikezi izilinganiso zokushisa ezibonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banele ukumane bamukele ngosizo lokuqothuka kokukhishwa okususwayo. Izinzuzo ezinjalo ziholele ekusakazweni okugcwele kwamapayipi e-MP, naphezu kwezindleko eziphakeme zokuqhathanisa (intengo yazo cishe izikhathi eziyi-1.5-2 eziphakeme kunaleso ye-PP, ukufakwa nayo icishe ibiza kabili). Kufanele, nokho, khumbula ukuthi ukufakwa okususwa akuyona indlela ethembekile yokufaka. Isimo salezo zinhlanganisela kufanele sibhekwe futhi sihlole njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngonyaka. Uma ukuxhumana kubuthakathaka, kufanele kuqiniswe. Ukufakwa okukhishwe okususwayo akunakufakwa ku-screed ekhonkolo noma ngenye indlela engafaki ithuba lokufinyelela nokuhlolwa.
Amapayipi e-polor akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amapayipi we-aluminium angenamthungo
Stitched polyethylene
Kuhlanganiswe okubizwa ngokuthi i-polyethylene, ephathwe ngendlela ekhethekile (ngokwesibonelo, indlela yamakhemikhali noma i-UV irradiation), ukuze amaketanga ama-molecule awo axhumeke komunye nomunye. Izinto ezinjalo zitholakala ziqinile impela, zimelana namakhemikhali futhi ziqinile. Amapayipi avela kuwo acishe abe ngama-ruble angama-80-120. Ngo-1 k. M, zingasetshenziselwa ukubanda, futhi ngokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi okushisayo. Zisetshenziswa ngokufakwa kwama-crimp ongaziwa futhi ngokuvamile phakathi kwezinketho ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Ukuqina kwezindonga zibavikela kumonakalo ngesikhathi sokugoba nokucima. Ukuphela komkhawulo kugxiliwe i-polyethylene ukuvezwa ukukhanya kwelanga.
I-Universal Iphayiphu Rautiitan Flex (Rehau) yokushisa nokuhanjiswa kwamanzi; Indwangu - I-Stitched Pe-Xa Polyethylene
Izimpawu zobuchwepheshe kumapayipi
Yonke imininingwane edingekayo ivame ukukhonjiswa ngepayipi. Lokhu, okokuqala, uhlobo lwepayipi kanye nokuqukethwe okwenziwe ngalo. Ububanzi kanye nengcindezi yokusebenza eqokiwe nakho kungakhonjiswa (ukumaka kwe-PN okwamanje akuphoqelekile, kepha kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuqoka ingcindezi yokusebenza evunyelwe ekushiseni okungu-20 ° C). Isibonelo, i-PP-R DN32 PN10 iyi-polypropyle tube enobubanzi bama-32 mm futhi yenzelwe ingcindezi ye-10 bar. Noma, ngokwesibonelo, i-PP-R / PP-RGG / PP-RCT (SDR11). Kubukeka kuyethukile, kepha empeleni kuyindlela enobungqingili ezintathu, ungqimba oluphakathi - oluqinisiwe nge-fiberglass polypropylene, yenzelwe ingcindezi engu-20 bar. I-SDR yipharamitha eboniswe ngokuya ngamazinga aseYurophu, esikhundleni se-PN esedlule. Inani elingenasici libonisa isilinganiso sobubanzi besikhathi sangaphandle sepayipi libe yinqwaba yodonga lwe-polymer. Uma lincane inani, liphakeme kakhulu ingcindezi yokuthi ipayipi lingamelana nakho. I-SDR6 isho ukuthi ipayipi lizokumelana nengcindezi ye-25 ATM, i-SDR11 - 12 ATM, i-SDR26 - 4 ATM.
Abakhiqizi bavame ukusebenzisa ilebula yombala: Amapayipi anomugqa obomvu aklanyelwe amanzi ashisayo, anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - ngokubanda. Ngokuvamile, ngekhono elithile kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde ukuqonda konke lokhu kuqokwa.
Yini okusha kwipayipi nokulungiswa?
Kusuka kuma-Novelties, okokuqala, ukuguqulwa okuhlukahlukene kokufakelwa okuthembekile ngokwengeziwe futhi kube lula kakhudlwana ngonyaka. Akuzange kubonakale kudala, ngokwesibonelo, ukufakwa okwenziwe nge-Pe-Xa Polyethylene exhumene neRautiitan Gilbe (Rehau), ngaphandle kwamasongo okubopha nezinye izinto eziphansi. Noma, ngokwesibonelo, ukufakwa kwezindaba kwe-Viega okusha, ngenxa yokufakwa kwamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali (i-indox ye-sanvanized (prestabo) noma ithusi (iphrofethi (iphrofashini) akudingi imicu ye-welding, i-porting noma ukusika, isindisa isikhathi somlilo.
Ukuguquguquka kwamapayipi we-polymer kunikeza inzuzo eyengeziwe lapho ufaka
Qaphela ukubukeka kwamapayipi okwenziwe ngezinto ezintsha zesizukulwane. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganiswa okuhlangene, okufana nemikhiqizo ye-polyethylene eqinile enesendlalelo esengeziwe sangaphakathi esivimbela ukufakwa komoya-mpilo, njengasemugqeni weCopex HT (Oventrop). Noma amapayipi e-polymer anesendlalelo sangaphandle esivikela imiphumela ye-ultraviolet. I-nonder inepayipi lensimbi elimnandi lensimbi kanye, ishubhu elinemigwaqo eminingi elinongqimba olungaphandle lwe-aluminium olumbozwe nge-varnish. Lo mklamo ugcina zonke izinzuzo zamapayipi wensimbi-polymer, kepha ngaphezu kwalokho abukeka engcono kakhulu.
Ukufakwa kohlelo lokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kusetshenziswa amapayipi wensimbi-plastice (a).
Kukhona ezinye izinto ezintsha ezakhayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqiniswa kabusha nge-basalt noma i-fiberglass kukuvumela ukuthi wandise amandla wepayipi amahlandla ambalwa futhi kathathu kunciphisa i-coeffession yokushisa. Okuningi okuxakile kubukeka njengamapayipi anezithasiselo ze-antibacterial, njenge-HP PPR NANO AG (HP Trend) Series. Okuqukethwe amakhompiyutha wesiliva nezinto ezivinjelwe umsebenzi obalulekile wamagciwane kungabalulekile ezimeni zokuxhashazwa okungajwayelekile kwepayipi.
Ukufaka ngaphakathi kwezindonga nakukhonkolo ukhonkolo, kumashubhu kuphela anokufakwa okungaziwa okusetshenziswayo, okungadingi ukulungiswa njalo. Uma ukufakwa kokufakwa okunjalo kudinga ithuluzi elikhethekile, ungayiqasha
USergey Bulkin, inhloko yokuqondiswa kweqembu lobuchwepheshe bezinhlelo zobunjiniyela zeRehau eMpumalanga Yurophu
Bonke ubuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe bangahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili - bathola futhi bangafani naphakade. Owokuqala kufaka phakathi ukuxhumana okuhlanganisiwe, okuhlanganisiwe kanye nokuxhumeka. Ukungathandeki okujwayelekile kwazo zonke izinkwa zokunqamula kubuthakathaka kwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwephulwa kwamandla nokuqina. Ukuxhumana okunjalo kumele kuqiniswe ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngakho-ke, ngokwezindinganiso zokwakha, kuvinjelwe ukwakhiwa kwamapayipi ngezinto ezixhunyiwe ngendlela ecashile. Ukuxhumana kwasendaweni akudingi ukulungiswa njalo futhi kuvumela i-gasket efihliwe yepayipi nabo. I-Compound ngokucindezela kwe-axial ngosizo lwemikhono egadiwe ibhekwa njengolunye lwezinto eziguquguqukayo kakhulu futhi zinikeza ukuxhumana okuvalelwe ngokuphelele.
Ibhodi lokuhlela Ngiyabonga uViega, uRehau, uLeroy Merlin, u-noror ngosizo lokusiza ukulungiselela lokho okuqukethwe.