Window structures from "warm" aluminum profiles are widespread in Europe, but in our country their share on the market is still very small. What are the advantages of aluminum windows and will the cost of buying them?
Photo: Schüco.
Aluminum alloy lung and racks to corrosion. It is much hard and stronger on the bending than PVC (the most popular material in Russia for window frames) and besides, unlike the latter, almost not exposed to thermal expansion. One problem is the heat conduction of the alloy is 220 W / (M • K), which is hundreds of times higher than that of the tree or PVC.
The frame from the usual hollow aluminum profile in the winter will certainly laugh: its indoor surfaces will cover in the way. Therefore, the profile for windows of heated premises has to be done with a thermal explosion - a longitudinal plastic insert (inserts) separating outdoor and room metal parts. This technology is far from Nova (it is already about a quarter of a century), however, today is considered difficult and remains quite expensive.
On the domestic market, the window profiles from the "warm" aluminum offer companies "Alutech", "Agrisovgaz" (brand AGS), "Tatprof", "Sila Profile" (distributed mainly in Siberia), Realit, Gutmann, Reynaers, Schüco and DR .
We will talk more about the design and consumer characteristics of the frames of the "warm" aluminum, passing them along the way with analogs from PVC and wood.
Check material for practicality
Photo: Mixall. For large-format glazing, it is best to use aluminum frame profiles in combination with anti-vandal triplex and enhanced accessories. At the same time, it is necessary to envisage the convectors embedded to the floor - otherwise the windows will foggy in cold weather
The material for the thermal-master is a polyamide reinforced with fiberglass. This plastic is sufficiently durable, and in addition, it is almost no expanding when heated, which allows him to warmly "get out" with an aluminum alloy. Metal parts of the profile are connected to the thermal-keeper by means of a longitudinal crimping lock on the rolling line.
Photo: bg-lengo. Due to the strength and stability of aluminum frames, roller mechanisms of movement of the sash are not hired and do not encourage
The heat-insulating characteristics of the frame (or, speaking in the language of experts, the non-transparent part) of the aluminum window depend mainly on the configuration of the thermal separation, and the dimensions and shape of the cross section of metal parts on thermal insulation almost do not affect.
Photo: FINSTRAL, Hörmann. In the West, not only windows, but also doors from "warm" aluminum, for example, folding terrace models (a) and burglar-resistant entrance with the knob "Antipactive" (b)
Aluminum windows are equipped with two or three contours of sealing from elastic and durable terpolymer. Due to this, as well as accurate geometry of the Ram, they are perfectly protected from drafts.
Heat insulation. Most often, the thermal survey is a two plastic jumper with a width of 18-25 mm, forming (along with aluminum walls) one air chamber. The disadvantage here is that an intensive convective stream is formed inside the chamber that helps cool the inner aluminum part of the profile. The heat transfer resistance coefficient (R0) of this type of product usually does not exceed 0.45 m2 • ° C / W. In practice, this means that even with moderate frost (just below -10 ° C) and normal humidity in the room (45-50%), condensate will fall on the inner surfaces of the frame.
Photo: "YUKKO". With the glazing of unheated premises, the cold profiles systems are used - both ordinary swing (a) and sliding (b). Such designs are designed to install single glass or single-chamber glass
To reduce the risk of freezing to a minimum, it is necessary to stop convection. To do this, the thermal separation chamber is filled with foamed polyethylene or polyurethane. In heat and sound insulation characteristics, such products are comparable to budget plastic and wooden (R0 = 0.55-0.57 m2 • ° C / W).
Photo: Finstral
In the most advanced constructions, the thermal survey has a width of 30-40 mm and is often made of a multi-chamber fiberglass profile - such frames have heat transfer resistance to 0.62 m2 • ° C / W and suitable even for passive homes.
It is worth noting that the heat and sound insulation properties of the window depended not so much from the framework details, as from the glass package - its type and thickness; From this point of view, aluminum structures benefit from plastic, which can not always establish heavy double-glazed windows (for example, a two-chamber soundproofing with an outer glass with a thickness of 6 mm).
By virtue of high strength and low thermal expansion coefficient, aluminum profiles are ideally suited for large-format window designs and facade glazing.
Strength and burglary resistance. Aluminum parts of the profile are subjected to thermal-condition, and the angular connections of the boxes and sash are performed using metal mortgage elements, and the corners are inserted into both internal and external profile chamber. The weakest design site is a polyamide thermal station, but also it has considerable strength: according to the technical conditions (GOST), the length of the profile is 10 cm long is obliged to withstand the transverse tearing load of at least 600 kgf.
Thanks to this, the sash extremely rarely saves and luftyt, and their maximum dimensions depend only on the calculated wind loads on the glass. The large-format aluminum design will cost at least one third more expensive wooden (out of pine), but it is reliable, since even the engineering array of wood when the humidity changes changes the dimensions and may be slightly swallowed.
Photo: Schüco.
According to tests, aluminum windows are able to withstand the manual thieves tool more than 10 minutes (in contrast to most PVC products that do not have resistant to hacking). If it is necessary to increase the construction resistance of the design, hidden loops and special locks with hook begles are used, while accessories are additionally protected from hazing and driving with steel plates or liners in the profiles chambers. Similar products equipped with anti-vandal windows, in Europe are assigned class RC 4 according to DIN EN 1627: 201, that is, they are capable of resisting the opening of a plumbing and compact electrical tool.
Functionality. Aluminum window can be equipped with any modern fitting - swivel (with opening inside or outdoor), swivel-folding, parallel-sliding, etc. There will no problem and with the installation of the window ventilating valve, although the service will cost one and two times more expensive than in Case of PVC windows.
Aluminum windows design
Photo: Schüco. Aluminum systems for facade glazing make it possible to minimize the opaque part of the wall and at the same time provide satisfactory heat and sound insulation.
So that the windows are harmonized with the architectural appearance of the building, aluminum facing profiles are stained or anodized.
The most common way to finish aluminum today is staining with a powder polymer composition (for example, polyurethane with polyamide particles). Usually firms offer to choose from several standard colors, but by surcharge 3-5 thousand rubles. For 1 m2 windows, you can book painting in any color of the RAL palette. Powder enamel stand for abrasion and any atmospheric influences and serves dozens of years (manufacturer's warranty should be at least 10 years).
In addition, today, many companies have equipment for the color of the window profile under the wood and other materials (the technology is called sublimation). To do this, the powder soil is first applied to the metal surface, then the polymer film with a pattern of wood texture (or any other one by your order) and fix the coating in a vacuum furnace. According to technical specifications, such a finish is not inferior to the powder enamel, and the plausibility of the simulation is sometimes such that the windows can be confused with wooden even near (although there is a lot depends on the quality of the soil and films). The cost of the coating is quite high and increases the price of profiles almost 2 times compared to the usual color.
"Classical" anodizing is the oxidation of a metal in a solution of sulfuric acid to obtain a protective oxide layer, the pores of which are then "sealed" by treatment with steam or immersion in boiling water (hydration oxide). As a result, a smooth pale gray surface film is formed. It protects well from corrosion, but not too decorative, so now they often use adsorption staining, in which the part is immersed in a hot dye solution.
An electrolytic method is used to fill the pores of the anode coating with particles of another metal to get golden, bronze and silver colors. The advantage of color anodizing is also that the protective layer is unusually firmly connected with the base surface and at the same time has a significant thickness (up to 30 microns). However, the price of the anodized on these technologies of profiles is quite high - they are about 20% more expensive than painted by one-photon enamel.
Photo: Finstral
In the fall of 2016 in GOST 23166-99, "window blocks ..." were amended, prescribing, in particular, equip windows by castle security locks that blocked opening opening, but allowing you to throw checking the checking.
Aluminum windows
| Benefits | disadvantages |
|---|---|
| High rigidity and strength framework structures, and therefore resistance to hacking and minimal risk of provisions and deformation of sash. | Relatively high price - 15-20 thousand rubles. For 1 m2, which is 2-2.5 times higher than that of plastic windows. |
Long service life - up to 80 years (almost twice as much as PVC products). However, they will have to replace seals several times and one or two times - accessories. | Budget products are made from profiles of the simplest design (with a hollow camera thermal separation). Such frames in the winter are tactile cold. And in the frost and with increasing humidity in the room are covered with condensate. |
The ability to increase the translucent part of the window due to the frame (when using "low" profiles). | Due to the fact that aluminum structures are not too common in our country, services for their repair and maintenance are expensive and not everywhere available. |
A wide selection of finishing options, in addition to powder painting, is colored anodizing and sublimation. |
Cold Aluminum Profiles Systems
Systems of "cold" aluminum profiles are quite affordable (they are even somewhat cheaper than plastic), but they are easily moderated, so in our climate they are used mainly in the glazing of unheated premises - loggias, tambour attacks to the house, etc. from aluminum manufactured Panoramic windows with swing sash, as well as sliding structures for installation on parapet.
Second type systems are especially popular. The standard set includes two double-touch guides (upper and lower) and the required amount of cauldron with strapping from tubular profiles. In the frame, you can insert single windows with a thickness of 5 mm or single-chamber double-glazed windows. Folds are equipped with brush seals. Such a design helps reduce the noise level by 7-10 dB, and also in the room will be 5-7 ° with warmer.
Wooden decor
Photo: Studio Garda
Ideally, enter painted or anodized aluminum windows in the classic interior will allow wooden linings attached to the frames from the room side. Such windows are called combined; They relate to premium products and stand from 28 thousand rubles. For 1 m2, which is almost a third more than the price of constructions from sublimated aluminum.
The lining can be made of various wood breeds - beech, oak, ash, and even a valuable walnut. Mounted overlaid with a moving method using the "groove comb" system in the factory. Aluminum-wooden window profiles produce Italian firms Mixall, Vitralux, etc. Aluminum windows with lining is problematic, since the wooden planks under the influence of moisture drops change their dimensions, and hard (for example, adhesive) connection can be collapsed over time.
Photo: Schüco. Systems of aluminum profiles: Schüco AWS 75 BS.SI + with a 75 mm mounting depth and a visible 115 mm wide, designed to install the hidden accessories of Avantec Simplysmart
Photo: Alumil. Alumil S77 with a visible width of 93 mm (67 mm in an embodiment using hidden sash)
Photo: Gutmann. Gutmann S70 + for swivel and swivel-folding windows opening both inside and out
Photo: Alumil. Alumil S77 SUPREMME - system including for shylpov windows
Photo: Studio Garda. Combined profiles with inner linings from ash. Each sash is inhabited by three loops that are attached to aluminum details.
Photo: Hörmann. To increase safety and resistance to the breakdown, the windows and doors can be equipped with cylinder locks
Photo: Hörmann. Hook Rigels
Photo: Hörmann. Hidden loops
Photo: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media. Window execution options: from painted powder enamel Realit RW 71 profiles, with a single-chamber double-glazed window (from 8900 rubles / m2)
Photo: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media. From the anodized profiles "Alutech" W72, with a single-chamber glass (from 7800 rubles / m2)
Photo: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media. From sublimated under the wood profiles "Alutech" W62 (from 7500 rubles / m2)
Photo: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media. From the anodized Italian profiles Mixall Dream 1.1, with a two-chamber double-glazed windows (from 14 thousand rubles / m2)
Photo: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Media. Structural glazing is deaf. To ensure the possibility of airing, in some places, windows are installed between the racks and the rigels that are equipped with special fittings