Many workshops take orders for forged fences, gates, railing and window grilles. But how to evaluate the quality of these designs? Who to instruct the design of product design and their installation? In the article we will answer these and other questions.
Almost all famous forge rent pavilions on permanent construction exhibitions and sales. It is there that it is the easiest way to get acquainted with the samples, appreciate the technical and design capabilities of the company, to pre-discuss the cost of the order. You can try to save by contacting an advertisement in a small company or by a private owner. But in this case, you need to visit the workshop and see the production process. Please note that there are quite a few intermediaries offering products of medium and low quality at the market at an inflated price.
Photo: Ferrarius.
Artist and master
Work with metal, especially free forging, provides tremendous opportunities for housekeeping and plot. Openwork window lattices and railings organically complement the appearance and modest cottage, and chopped "terme" and cottage in a classic style. Forged fence emphasizes the beauty of the old garden, a living hedge or a decorative composition in front of the house.In addition to aesthetic, forged fences possess other advantages: they are durable, durable, not even afraid of hurricane wind and do not limit the review (we will remind that in many country and cottage villages the deaf fences are not recommended for installation or even prohibited).
Each forge has a portfolio, which presents photo of work, drawings of fences and decorative elements (cones, wolves, brackets, screwed up, etc.). If you take the basis of one of the typical or implemented projects (of course, the copyright should belong to the manufacturer), then you will not have to pay for the sketches, besides you will know in advance the price of the structure.
Another way is to create your own design by resorting to the help of the artist, who is familiar with the techniques of metalworking, or the master of the blacksmith. Such an approach will allow you to enter a wrought decor in the overall architectural and landscape decision. Many firms are able to develop a 3D project. The cost of the service, such as the development of the design of balcony railings, starts from 5 thousand rubles. (for each drawing). Note that when ordering piece goods, workshops reserve the right to adjust the price.
Vocabulary
Volute is a decorative element in the form of curl or spiral.
Disembarkation - formation of thickening on the end of the detail.
Color - mechanical processing of the surface of the product with a metal brush before applying a protective-decorative coating.
Forging on the template - the manufacture of the part using the device, "prompting" its form.
Forging in stamp - Production of parts and / or creating a pattern on it by indulging / riding the metal into the form.
Broach - formation of an elongated billet from a bar or a thick bar of hammer blows.
Forging is a rough workpiece, obtained by hot forging or stamping.
Cleaning is a way to create an openwork pattern of sheet metal.
Free forging is the deformation of the heated metal with a manual or mechanical hammer without using forms and templates.
Torch is the method of manufacturing twisted low carbon parts from a four-rod rod.
Between the hammer and anvil
None of the modern Kuznetsov pays independently cast iron, iron and steel, as was done in antiquity. The masters use factory forgings, and more often - the usual rolling from low carbon structural steel grade Art. 3. However, in the process of forging, the quality of the metal is improved: it is carvated and becomes stronger; Due to the brewing of "discontinuities" increases its resistance to corrosion.
Photo: Legion-Media
The initial level of blacksmith skill is to heat and bending the rods (round, square and rectangular section) and lanes on the pattern, as well as the subsequent welding of arc electric welding to obtain an impaired pattern. This technique allows you to make a window lattice, and a gate, and a fence section, but from aesthetic point of view the result is at best satisfactory. True, the price of fences is low - from 4500 rubles. for 1 m2.
Photo: "New shutters"
Real masters use classic forging machines - broach, disembarking endings and probes, torsiting rods, twisting of cones and wrap, barbing strips and sheets to create patterns. Details are connected by clamps, ripples and brackets, and sometimes mining welding. Some forge are equipped with copper and copper alloys (brass and bronze); Alloy decorations are soldered or sculp to the steel structure in the manufacture of fences in the styles of Baroque and Rococo.
Photo: "Wow"
The objects are suitable for example. Let's say 1 pose M Railings for the porch or balcony will cost at least 14 thousand rubles. (excluding installation).
Some firms use mass-produced cast and stamped parts of Chinese production. This approach adversely affects the service life of the structure (due to the large number of welded joints and the poor quality of import steel), and in addition, deprives its individuality. The cost of such a craft is 2-3 times lower than the handmade manual, but the first is often sold at the price of the second.
One of the most advantageous combinations of materials Architects consider stone (natural or artificial) and wrought metal
Requirements for the design of the rail
To ensure safety, handrails of the balcony railings, it is necessary to have an altitude of 1000 mm on the floor, the distance between the vertical elements of the lattice fence should not exceed 100 mm, on the screen (with sheet inserts) or combined - 300 mm. The staircase and balcony railings in residential buildings are required to withstand the exposure to horizontal loads of at least 160 kgf. m.Corrosion protection
Forged constructions are not cheap, and even moreover, when they lose the elegant look, covering the brown spots of rust. We will tell about the basic methods of protection of steel from corrosion, we note the advantages and cons of each of them.
Blows. A layer of linseed oil is applied on the surface, and then slowly heat the product to about 600 ° C. It is possible to local binding connections using a soldering lamp. The finest coating does not hide, but rather manifests the natural texture of the metal (especially if they are then covered with the wax item and polish the rag). According to some data, on the black fences worked out in the last year and past centuries, the rust did not appear within ten years. However, in our days, the Burning serves not long; Some experts see the reason in changing the composition of the atmosphere.
From real forged products, authenticity vetes, they resemble the greatness of medieval castles and luxury of the Renaissance
Coverage of bitumen varnishes on lead sulik. Such processing is easy to perform after installation, and it will cost very cheap, but no longer counts on the long service life of the protective layer. Alas, the risk of acquiring poor-quality paints and varnish and primer is very large. In addition, varnish and Surik are well falling only on carefully low-fat surfaces, and the finishing layer is sometimes cracking under the influence of ultraviolet.The use of special paints for metal (they are released by Hammerite, Tikkurila, WS-Plast, etc.). These compositions are non-herds, but they can be applied to an ordinary brush, and the service life of the coatings exceeds 8 years (if you pre-disable and rejected the surface with the product based on zinc phosphate). When processing welded products from metal, you can apply paint with a hammer effect that imitating irregularities from the beams of the check. For artificial formation of forged structures, Patina coatings often use.
Powder coloring. Performed only in production, where there are special equipment. Today, companies offer enamels of different (up to ten) colors and textures (smooth, moair, shagren, antique). The coating partially or completely hides the traces of manual forging, but it serves until 15 years.
5 signs of high-quality piece goods
- The compounds are made using clamps or with the help of clamps. Welding is also allowed, but the seams should be well cleaned and almost imperceptible.
- Carefully looking at it, you can find the differences between the same in front of the first look and fragments of the pattern.
- In the design there are twisted and twisted elements that cannot be made using the method of stamping.
- On the surface of the metal, traces of broaching on the anvil (however, during the stamping, they are often able to simulate, and only a professional can detect the fake).
- The product is uniformly and without passes covered with anti-corrosion composition; The protective layer has sufficient strength, but a small thickness (does not hide the texture of the metal).
Installation of fences
With the installation of a wrought design, a professional welder with one or two heater will cope with a welder. It is better to entrust these works by masters related to the manufacturer: they will find a solution, even if errors were made at the measure, and will provide at least a biennial warranty on installation.Window grids are installed in different ways - depending on the material of the walls and the depth of the outer slopes. It is desirable to drown a protective design in the opening and close it in the layer of plaster, after attaching to the wall with steel pins or anchors with a length of 80 mm (fastening step 300-500 mm, but not less than two to the side). Less hack-resistant option Installation flush with a wall or folding. In this case, it is necessary to increase the length of the anchors to 120-150 mm.
The railing is mounted using welding or bolted connections. Racks with a welded "heels" are attached to reinforced concrete base (balcony, staircase march) anchor bolts. If reinforced concrete structures are made on the facility, it makes sense to make the mortgage plates or bolts in advance - then the railing can be installed as simple as possible and reliably.
In order for the design to be resistant to hacking, the thickness of the rods that constitute the main drawing of the window grille, the wicket or intake section should be at least 12 mm
The fence does not need a belt foundation, although the latter is often suited from aesthetic considerations. In this case, it is necessary to pour the tape with a width of about 200 mm, be sure to deploy the primer of the soil, and insert the pillars of the required height in it. A less labor-intensive option is to insert the poles to the ground to a depth of 1.5-2.5 m (depending on the height and mass of the fence) or to weld them to the release of screw piles. The underground part of the columns (piles) should be treated with an anti-corrosion composition or concreted.
The price of the product depends not only on the number of elements, but also on the complexity of their manufacture
Spiral bales of dόs: they are performed on a torsive machine or using a two-bed
The metallic carrying design of the visor, as a rule, is covered with a transparent material, for example, monolithic polycarbonate
The "oak branches" of the railil was obtained by pulling and bending the rod, and the "leaves" - the leaf cleaner
All forged designs in the house and on the plot must be sustained in one style, preferably - are made in the same master
Steel railing is sometimes confused with cast iron, however, the cast-iron casting today is rarely used: this technology is profitable only with large volumes of production
Openwork balcony fences and window grids covered with a patinishing composition, perfectly fit into the appearance of a log or brusade house
Forged decor are often used as an addition to the open bearing elements of the building made of steel, - Bolt, columns, Kosomers
Extremely expressive products in the Gothic style, underlined massive, with stacking from stained glass or mica
Nothing prevents the use of a wrought canvas in the design of the retractable console gate. True, you will have to purchase a mechanism (carrier beam and rollers), able to withstand a lot of sash, and in addition, increase the power of the electric drive
To hide a plot from prying views, a wrought drawing combines with sheet steel
Forged decor, contact-powered with natural stone or plaster, can start rust that spoil the face of the facade. So that this did not happen, a two-layer powder coating is applied to products, or they are digitized before painting
Overhead lattices are attached to the wooden wall with "muchahry" with a length of 80 mm or studs through through holes
The painting of parts in different colors (with the help of patinating compositions and sintered enamels) allows you to give forged fence the feature of the picturesque canvase
It is desirable that one of the grids on the first floor opened and the window served as a spare evacuation output.
Window grids, unlike shutters, do not need to be opened in the morning and close in the evenings