Why do we need water vozozoz?

For most daches, individual engineering systems are mystery for seven seals. Information about heating, sewage and water supply, which is hardly owned by each adult inhabitant of "One-story America", we have the property of specialists. But if you eliminate this gap in knowledge, it is not difficult to ensure the same level of comfort as in the apartment

The organization of water supply is one of the first stages of the cottage. True, "at the start" is usually content with the simplest system consisting of a well, a small submersible pump and buckets. But then the urgent need arises to spend water into the house and arrange a full-fledged system of watering. Further - more: car wash, washing and dishwasher appear, swimming pool and more. Satisfy the growing need for water allows modern pumping equipment. It is important only to choose and install it.

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1. Water supply scheme of seasonal house: Submersible pump (A); Unfoliated feed hose (b); cumulative tank (B); Outdoor water supply (g); Rose pump (D); centrifugal pump for watering (E); Water intake hose (g).

2, 3. Popular models of vibration pumps: DVP (DeFort) (2) and "Kid" ("Livgidromash") (3). The upper water fence eliminates the suction of the sludge from the bottom. Price - 1000-1600 rub.

According to Newton's law

Famous since ancient times and so far the most common system of individual water supply is based on gravitational pressure. Its essence is as follows: water is served from the source to a highly located storage tank, from which they make a wiring to watershed points. The volume of the tank is chosen, focusing on the intended flow, with such a calculation so that the stock is enough for 1-2 days. Now the accumulative tanks are most often produced from food plastic - polyethylene or polypropylene. Their volume can reach 4m3 or more.

For water supply to the reservoir, submersible pumps of a vibration type are used in the reservoir at a fiscal version of the area - "Rouh", "Kid" (both - "Livgidromash", Russia) IDR. However, nothing prevents the establishment of other types of submersible and surface pumps (they will be discussed next).

Vibrating pumps are economical (consumes only 150-300W), inexpensive (800-1500 rubles) and are able to serve at least 3-4 years. At the same way, these aggregates are undemanding to the quality of water and function normally with a significant (more than 200 g / m3) of sand and other suspended particles (however, in such conditions, the rubber membrane is extended much faster). Vibration type pumps have high pressure (up to 70m), which allows you to pump water from them even from shallow sandy wells. True, due to the vibration of the pump housing, water is often with an admixture of sand; In addition, the performance of these aggregates (this parameter in the documentation can also be called the supply and volumetric output) is very small - only 0.35-0.72 m3 / h. But with a gravitational pressure, it does not play roles, since the pump in such a system is used to create a stock of water and is not obliged to ensure the simultaneous operation of several watershed points. It is desirable that the pump is equipped with built-in overheating protection, then the electromagnet windings will not burn, even if the water in the well is over.

Turn to the source

The choice between the well and the well depends on many factors: specific geodesic conditions, the needs of the user in water, the cost of work, materials, equipment for water purification IT.D. The Artesian Well, a depth of 50-150m will provide an almost unlimited supply of water at your disposal (usually its flow rate is at least 10m3 / h). From the well drilled to the sandy aquifer (15-30m), it is possible to pump 0.5-3.0 m3 / h. Well, a well, regardless of its depths, is rarely able to give more than 3-4m3 water per day. Well water, as a rule, softer artesian, but surface drains fall into it anyway. Conditions of dense development and intensive economic use of the Earth, this leads to biological and chemical pollution. Inspective, most cases, the well is cheaper than wells. For example, in the suburbs, the depth of drilling of the artesian well is at least 70m (cost 1m - 1.5-2.0 thousand rubles). Drilling "on the sand" perform very few firms (besides, these aquifers are far from everywhere). For 1m, taking into account exploration drilling, they will take at least 3 thousand rubles. The well made of concrete rings will cost approximately 5-7 thousand rubles. For 1m. At the same time, the norm is considered a mine with a depth of 4-6m. But even if 8-10 rings have to be lowered into the ground, the well will be cheaper than the artesian well. Now two words about the reliability of the water source. Because of the wrong drilling or for other reasons (insufficient water intake, rare pumping), any well, even artesian, is able to fail. Note that the guarantee from tightening sand and casing, as a rule, is only 2 weeks. The sculptures can also occur in trouble (for example, when the elements shift under the influence of frosty forces or breed drawdown), but this happens less often. The same, in contrast to the casing of the well, consisting of thin (diameter of 100-133mm) metal or plastic pipes, a mine of a well made of concrete rings is quite maintainable.

Morely a simple embodiment, the pump is turned on manually, and turn off when the water flows out of the overflow pipe. In order for the system to function without your participation, it is required to equip the pot float device, which will turn on the pump when the tank is emptying and turns off when it is filled. True, finding such wiring products is not easy, and often they have to be ordered from local craftsmen. Of course, if you have automation without a transfuster pipe, you can not do. In contrast, if the float mechanism fails, you threaten the flood

The undoubted advantages of systems with gravitational pressure are high reliability and durability provided by simplicity of the device and a small number of parts experiencing dynamic loads. In addition, such water supply is partially non-volatile: when the light is disconnected, you use the supply of water from the container.

However, it is impossible not to note a substantial minus: low pressure in the system and as a result - weak water pressure. Raising the tank to 1m above the water-based level, you increase the pressure of only 0.01 MPa. (For comparison: in the urban network, the average water pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa.) It does not allow you to connect modern household appliances (dishwasher and washing machines, some types of water heaters) and ensure comfortable water procedures.

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4. Water supply scheme based on a pumping station installed outside the house: Station (A); Selection tube (b), beugoned by 1.5m; supply pipeline (B); insulation base (g); Crane for watering (D).

5. Pumping station Hydrojet JP (Grundfos): Feed - up to 5m3 / h; The pressure is up to 48m. Price - from 12 thousand rubles.

6. PW series pump (Wilo): Feed - up to 2.7 m3 / h; The pressure is up to 40m. Price - from 6 thousand rubles.

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7. Installation EMHIL (WILO) consists of a multistage centrifugal pump and a frequency converter that provides a smooth engine launch and a constant water pressure. Price - from 38 thousand rubles.

8. Installation on the basis of two suction pumps and frequency converters.

9. Automatic pumping plants provide pressure required for the work of household appliances.

Surface solution

Supportive pressure is capable of maintaining a satisfactory pressure in the domestic water supply station. This is a monoblock unit, the main elements of which are the suction pump, the pressure tank (hydroaccumulator) and the automation unit reacting to a change in pressure in the system (as a rule, the consumer has the ability to independently adjust the water pressure). Such a station is installed on the surface, and the hose is lowered into the well connected to the intake nozzle of the pump.

For now, such stations are widely represented in domestic markets. Models such as "Jambo" ("Djlelex", Russia), Hydrojet, MQ (both - Grundfos, Denmark), FWJ, HWJ (both - WILO), BPP (KARCHER), HWF (AL-KO) (ALL - Germany), Marina (Speroni, Italy) IDR. The pumping station can be used both in the house for permanent living and in the country. Forward, it is installed in the technical room of the base or first floor or in a warmed caisson - a metal or concrete chamber, equipped in the top of the well or well. At the same time, the pipe along which water is supplied to the house, burst below the depth of the soil. In the second, the station can be placed anywhere (of course, it is better under the roof). It is only important to choose the right type of pump and do not forget to dry the unit before the onset of cold weather. By the way, it is not much more difficult to merge water from the system with a pressure tank at all than a gravitational one.

Technical characteristics of the station and the estimated life of its service are mainly due to the type of pump used and the quality of its manufacture. The overwhelming majority of models are equipped with centrifugal pumps with a rotary engine with a capacity of 0.5-2.0 kW. The average performance of such pumps is 2.5-4.5 m3 / h.

They are capable of lifting water from depth to 8m (some - up to 20m) and create pressure up to 40-60m, that is, to provide a pressure of 0.4-0.5 MPa at the output. Note that every 10m horizontal supply pipeline reduces the height of the lift by 1.5-3.0 m. Do not forget to equip the intake pipe with the check valve, so as not to wait every time it is filled with water.

Raising game

To increase the pressure in systems with gravitational pressure, special pumps are used - the so-called increase. These small aggregates work almost silently, consuming an average of 100-300W. Such a device automatically turns on at the beginning of the water-based and increases the pressure by 0.1-0.2 MPa. The trouble is that the pump is able to effectively "serve" only one water treatment point, and only if it is located close to it. (Otherwise, it will be necessary to wait too long until the expected powerful jet rises from the crane.) In essence, the rising pump must be installed before each mixer and the connection node of household appliances. This decision cannot be called cheap: the price of one pump is 2-4 thousand rubles, and taking into account electrical and plumbing works - 3-6 thousand rubles. Raising pumps and even pumping stations are sometimes mounted in urban apartments with insufficient pressure in the water supply system. A stash point of view is quite acceptable. However, note: when you have a boost, the lack of water in neighboring apartments becomes simply catastrophic.

You can also find pumping stations that can deliver water from a significant depth (up to 40m), for example, the model TR M 90 (Saer, Italy), APM (Speroni). These settings are equipped with a special device - a submersible ejector, which is fluent in a pipe with a diameter of 4 inches. Their performance does not exceed 1m3 / h, and energy consumption is the same as the ordinary station. They are intended for pumping out water from deep wells, but for the sandy well will not fit, because they do not maintain the presence of mechanical pollution in water. In general, all centrifugal pumps are quite sensitive to sand and Ilua: the maximum allowable content of these suspensions in water should not exceed 150 g / m3. The fact is that such particles, turning out to be between the blades of the wheel, pumping water, and the walls of the working chamber, interfere with the engine to start after stopping.

Some stations are collected on the basis of vortex pumps. The latter provide a significant pressure, cost cheaper and more compact than centrifugal, but have less productivity. The same vortex pump is extremely sensitive to solid stigs (their content should not exceed 20-40 g / m3), and the noise level during its operation reaches 45-55DB, while the centrifugal "gives out" about 35DB.

Accounting in liters and pascals

It is believed that a person consumes an average of 150 liters per day. If you plan to enjoy the bathroom and hydromassage devices, this value should be increased by 30%, and when installing dishwasher and washing machines - another 10%. To water the garden, you need at least 200-300l per 100m2. Usually, for a family of three people, there is enough accumulative tank with a volume of 450-600l. It is much more difficult to calculate the required performance and pump pressure in the system with a surface station. It is desirable that the unit provides a pressure of at least 0.2 MPa in each water treatment point at their simultaneous operation. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the hydraulic resistance of the system, which causes the pressure loss and depends on the height of water lifting, the total length of the water pipeline and some other factors. In order not to buy an unnecessary powerful (and respectively expensive) equipment and at the same time do not suffer later from the lack of pressure, in each case you need to make a calculation. We will help specialists from companies offering pumping equipment.

An important component of the pumping station is a pressure tank. It is made of metal - stainless or conventional carbon steel, and another tank of elastic material (usually made of natural rubber) are placed inside. The tank is able to create a pressure due to the air, loaded into the space between the rubber "pear" and the steel walls. The tank of the hydroaccumulator can be 0.3-60l. At the same time, specialists have no consensus on how the volume of the tank is optimal. Single side, a large pressure reservoir protects the pump from frequent inclusions, leading to premature wear of all its parts, primarily the electric motor. Solid - when spending water from a hydroaccumulator, the pressure in the system gradually drops and is restored to normal only after turning on the pump. But still, as practice shows, the best results can be achieved with large hydroaccumulators. Selecting the optimal air pressure in the tank experimentally and adjusting the switch on / off relays, you can avoid short-term inclusions of the latter with each use of water and significant pressure jumps. Stabilize the pressure in the system will allow the frequency converter. This device reacts to the pressure relay readings and changes the pump performance depending on the intensity of water consumption. By the way, it can be used in a system with any centrifugal pump, including well.

The expression of operation station practically does not need your attention. It will only be necessary to pour water into the pump before the first start and 1 time in several compounds to check the air pressure in the pressure tank.

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10. Water supply scheme based on the pumping station installed in the basement: station (A); Bloomed water intake tube (b); Outdoor water supply (B); insulation base (g); faucet for watering (D); Check valve (E).

11. Station "Jumbo" 70/50 P-50 ("Dzhelex") with a pump and a stainless steel hydraulicular. Price - from 10 500 rubles.

12. JP 5 (Grundfos) pump 775W provides 4m3 / h feed. Price - from 7 thousand rubles.

13. Automatic pumping station of the "Jambo" series ("Djilex") can absorb water from 9m depth. The volume of the hydraulicock is 24-50l, the average feed is 4.2 m3 / h. Price - from 6800 rub.

Moisture from the depths

To raise water from artesian and sand wells, as well as deep wells use special equipment - borehole submersible pumps. They can be centrifugal, vortex and screws. The first and second provide a large pressure, but very sensitive to water quality (not only to mechanical impurities, but also to dissolved gases). At the same time, the centrifugal models should be preferred, since they are more reliable and produced. Third have a relatively low efficiency (50-70%), but the sand and other suspensions do not cause them any harm - the aggregates of this type are allowed to be used even for cleaning and restoring wells.

The diameter of the well pump housing is 3 or 4 inches, which makes it possible to lower it into the pipe of the casing (the stainless steel cable is used as a suspension). At what depth is the pump, the drill specialist solves. It performs the first start.

Trap for impurities

In the suburbs, artesian waters often contain a large amount of mineral salts, lime or iron and require complex purification associated with significant additional costs. So that the well water becomes suitable for drinking, it often has to chlorine it or create a complex of different types of filters. However, it should be done only after you get accurate data on the composition of water. Ion-exchange softeners will help to cope with chemical and mechanical impurities (from 32 thousand rubles), flowing filters based on aluminosilicate (from 35 thousand rubles) and deferrals (from 22 thousand rubles). All these devices do not require replacement of filtering components, but need periodic reverse flushing or restoration of the regenerating solution. To get rid of sulfide dissolved in water, you will have to buy an aeration column (from 45 thousand rubles). Chlorinators are served to disinfect water (from 6 thousand rubles) and flowing ultraviolet sterilizers (from 4500 rub.).

The equipment is chosen based on the depth of the well and the required performance. Leading manufacturers offer several models of borehole pumps, each of which is available at least in five modifications. For example, the SQ (Grundfos) line includes more than 50 appliance names with a capacity of 0.7-1.85 kW, which possess the pressure of 43-238m and with a capacity of 1.65-9.0 m3 / h.

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14. Water supply scheme based on the submersible pump and hydraulication: pump (A); Bloomed feed tube (b); Outdoor water supply (B); insulation base (g); Hydrobac (D); Remote automation unit (E).

15. The well pump from the SQ series (Grundfos), which includes tens of models with different pressure and performance. Price - 20-100 thousand rubles.

16. Vylexi series pump (Djilex ") allows you to swing water from sandy wells and deep wells.

17. Model TWI (WILO) is equipped with a pressure switch and protective automation

Today, the majority of foreign companies supplying pumping equipment to the Russian market are equipped with borehole aggregates by built-in voltage stabilizer. This is not an extra precautions - a few years ago, not every second imported pump came into disrepair due to voltage drops in the power grid. Buying a pump, note that it is protected from overheating.

The water supply system based on the well pump will have to be mounted independently. To do this, you need to purchase a hydrobacom and an automated control unit consisting of a starter, pressure switch and protective relays.

The editorial board thanks the company "Djilex", Grundfos, Wilo for help in preparing the material.