The words "furnace heating" in many people are associated with archaic life. Did the oven go to the past? There is no way. It adapted to new circumstances and still provides warmth and comfort.
The words "furnace heating" in many people are associated with archaic life. Did the oven go to the past? There is no way. It adapted to new circumstances and still provides warmth and comfort.
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Massive furnaces, such as rubbing facing (1), emit soft heat and provide the most complete combustion of fuel. But the steel aggregates (2) are able to warm up the country house in winter and in the offseason.
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Decays Tulikivi from metal made only the door of the furnace, an asor box, grate and flap (4). The main air flow for burning comes through the holes in the walls and the furnace door.
Many companies are manufacturers of heat-accumulating furnaces use ready-made cast iron and steel fireboxes with a glazed door (5).
Know in comparison
First of all, let's try to figure out than the furnace is different from the fireplace. Answer this question is not so simple today. Often the name of a particular model of the heating device depends on the manufacturer's marketing policy. However, there are objective criteria. Let's say the furnace will definitely be called an aggregate with smoke turnover - vertical or horizontal (while everyone without exception, without exception, it is necessary to connect to the chimney during the furnace). Such furnaces are made of stone, concrete or chamot and supply in the form of modular structures. The krazer's stoves often include metal fireboxes with a stone or tires, which has the ability to accumulate heat. However, they can be called a fireplace, and a stove, and a fireplace - a lot depends on the design of the product.Opinion of a specialist
Elena Bystrov, director of Wolfsheyer Surveque
The furnaces are also called a variety of metal factory readiness instruments. These are convection ovens of long burning and the simplest products with a small firewood, designed to bookmark 1-3kg of firewood. The furnace can be equipped with a glazed door, but the latter is more often intended only to control the combustion process. Traditionally, the furnace is considered a more efficient heating device than a fireplace.
There will be on that
For most heat accumulating furnaces, the foundation is required. Its design depends on the type of foundation of the house, however, it is most often arranged a bar base with an upper bearing stove. The latter is produced from it possible to either in a non-removable formwork on top of the pillars, the step of which depends on the mass of the furnace, but should not exceed 1m. The base plate is removed on the level of the first floor and be sure to hydroize. For most metal furnaces, the foundation is not needed.
Compared to water heating systems, there are several advantages. First of all, they are much easier to install and much cheaper (with the exception of stone products). If buying non-flaky and uncompressed trunks, firewood costs about 3 times cheaper than diesel and 5 times - electricity. The cost of connecting to the gas highway in many areas is such that the benefit from using this relatively inexpensive fuel becomes dubious. For many, it is important that the furnaces can be left for the winter, without thinking about the integrity of the heating pipes. Another advantage of the furnace is absolute independence from the power supply of the house. Avted System based on wood boilers, unless they are made as gravitational, require electricity to operate the circulation pump.
Of course, this type of heating has disadvantages. The main share of heat gets the room where there is a furnace, and to heat other rooms, you have to open the inner doors. Divided from the device, especially near the windows and in the corners, there are heat discomfort zones. Finally, most furnaces require constant attention: 1 time in 2-3h will have to throw firewood, adjust the air dampers. It is because of these minuses that the oven rarely becomes the main heating unit in the house, where the owners live constantly. But for episodic visits to the cottage in the cold season there is nothing better than a metal furnace. Well, those who seek to make their countryside as comfortable and comfortable as possible, it is worth thinking about the acquisition of a massive heat accumulating unit.
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The cost of cladding from painted tiles (7, 10) is several times the price of cast-iron furnaces. Relief and smooth products without murals (8, 9) is much cheaper. Tiles should not be confused with a furnace cafeter: the back side of the first has the appearance of a hollow box, while the second is flat tiles.
Heat - Full Break
Brick stoves are rare in our days: there are few good masters left, and it's not easy to find high-quality material. However, there are firms that revive the art of furnace masonry: "ARTDEKO", "Salmonious-masonry" (both - Russia) IDR. Meanwhile, the indisputable advantage of brick furnaces compared to metal - the ability to accumulate heat and give it for a long time after the end of the furnace process (thanks to this there is no need to throw firewood at night). The same soft radiation emanating from the massive walls of the furnace is more comfortable. The properties of a masonry furnace fully have structures from stone and chammed modules.
The domestic consumer is the most famous products of Tulikivi (Finland). This company uses a soft stone talcomagnezit (its heat capacity is almost 2 times higher than bricks), which produces in his own careers. Each furnace is collected on the spot from several hundred modules using a special glue. The harp of the unit is necessarily the smoke. Due to this, the flue gases give most of their heat to the room, not the street. Aesl suddenly wants to flood the oven rainy, but warm autumn in the evening, the smoke canal can be turned off using dampers. This will significantly reduce the amount of heat incoming to the room.
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Models of furnaces with ceramic facing: "Bavaria" ("ECCOCAMIN") (11) with a firebox from structural steel 3-4mm thick, weight - 150kg, rated power - 9 kW, price - 28 thousand rubles; AFRODITA (ENBRRA) (12) With a hub with 4mm thick steel, mass - 230kg, rated power - 11 kW, price - from 123 thousand rubles; BES (ENBRA) (13, 14) with steel furnace, lined vermiculite, weight - 150kg, rated power - 8 kW, price - from 118 thousand rubles. All models are presented in several colors.
Tulikivi's vasserized company There are not only serial products. Tulikivi furnaces manufactured by individual orders will help turn a room into a fabulous terme (Huvila model) or a medieval castle room (Jugend, RinnetUPA). Very interesting stoves with shops and layers: In fact, they are traditional, but they are made more like a fashionable chil-out. An enhanced functionality has models with built-in windscalkers, such as TLU 2637/11, TLU 3233, TLU 2450/1. Stone furnaces are presented in the domestic market also products Nunnauuni, Uunisepaet (both - Finland). Some companies, such as Wolfshoher Tonwerke (Germany), produce heat accumulating furnaces from chammed modules. At the same time, the shaft is used specifically designed for the furnaces installed in residential areas. Shamot much cheaper than talcomagnesite, which reduces the cost of products. Thus, the price of stone stoves is from 240 thousand rubles, and the design of the shamot of similar sizes will cost 2 times cheaper. Chammed fireboxes are facing the furnace tile, mosaic, sawn by stone or tiles. Well, it's easier and cheaper than just shuffle and paint the furnace.
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Miniature metal furnaces are suitable for the heating of utility rooms (15).
To increase the heat transfer, the first 1.5-3m chimns are better made from a single-seated steel pipe with a wall thickness of at least 1mm (16).
The device with a cooking plate requires attention: with a weak pull from under the cover, a carbon monoxide leak is possible (17).
To improve convection, the oven is recommended to be installed on a high stand (18).
In festive clothes
The mansion is furnaces consisting of steel or cast-iron furnaces and stone or ceramic facing. In essence, they are not much different from modern coils (smoke channels in these models are absent), but because of a specific design, they are called furnaces. Such, for example, the famous REGNIER products (France), Sergio Leoni (Italy), ABX, Enbra (both - Czech Republic), Emdip (Serbia). REGNIER uses cast-iron furnaces with double or triple dozh. The facing consists of a support plate on which the whole design is resting, the walls made from the tights of handmade with a thickness of 60 and 80mm, and "roofs"; The package includes a ceramic chimney cover. The cost of sergio Leoni and Regnier furnaces - from 290 thousand rubles. Improduction of Eastern European Plants Design is somewhat stricter, and it is designed for a wider range of consumers. For example, ENBRA furnaces with ceramic facing cost from 116 thousand rubles. At the same time, the quality of manufacture remains at a high level: the furnace is performed from 4-6mm thick boiler steel, many models are equipped with heat-accumulating plates, efficient flue gas survivors, including injectors and catalysts. Facing the furnaces are relatively inexpensive colored glazed cafenel.Some companies, such as "warm stone" (Russia), offer furnaces with metal furnaces and cladding from the sawn Karelian talco chlorite. The price of these models is from 120 thousand rubles.
We note that the service provisions in the manufacturers of the Metal Flake aggregates are usually limited to 10-12 years, while stone and chammed fireboxs can be operated with decades.
By-product
During the operation of long-burning furnaces, quite a lot of condensate is formed. This is due primarily due to the fact that the flue gases released during low-temperature combustion contain a lot of originitated resins. The temperature of these gases is low, and sometimes they cannot heat the chimney walls in the upper part of it above the dew point (54-60 s). The amount of condensate increases repeatedly if they heat raw wood. Manufacturers offer various ways to solve this problem, say using a cumulative glass at the bottom of the smoke tube (the furnace in this case is connected through a tee). However, in practice, such a measure is ineffective, since the glass is quickly overflowing. Another way is to purchase a condensate removal and disposal system (they are represented, for example, in the range of RAAB, Germany). But such devices are fairly expensive in service: the price of filter elements calculated approximately 1 months intensive operation (150l condensate) is about 5500 rubles. To the same buy these systems can only be used in representative offices of large companies - manufacturers of gas ducts. The best results can be achieved by providing additional heating of the chimney: the thickness of the heat insulation layer between the inner and external steel circuits should be at least 50mm. In addition, to avoid condensate leaks into the thickness of the insulation, the pipe is mounted by inserting the upper modules to the lower. Condensate is sometimes formed on a rainy deflector, so it is necessary that the area of the latter was not too big.
Hot wind
Metal convection furnaces are able to quickly warm the small house. Some models at the same time have a roomy furnace, which allows them to work on one of the firewood of the firewood more than 6. The furnace of this type is unlikely to decorate the dwelling, but it will help it easier and cheaper to solve the problem of giving heating.
The most famous convection furnace of long burning - Bullerjan (Canada), is now produced in Russia under the brand "Breneran". The success of this model is explained by its successful design. An unusual round firebox accommodates 8-40 kg of firewood (depending on the furnace size), and the rotary flap on the door and the schieber on the outlet can adjust the burning intensity. Having mastered the art of setting up the unit, it is possible to ensure that one fuel load is enough for 6-8 hours. But the main competitive advantage of the furnace is that it successfully implemented the principle of convection heating. The lower part of the pipes from which the Breneran furnace housing is made is not in contact with the furnace and remains almost cold, and in the middle and upper parts, the temperature of the walls is 200-250 C. Therefore, the air at high speed moves through the pipes, time to warm up. In addition, the pipes form ribs on the inner surface of the furnace, increasing its walls of its walls, and hence the heat transfer. Breneran furnace principle can be used in air heating systems. To do this, insulated metalworks are connected to the exhaust air nozzles, along which warm air enters the adjacent rooms. Today, as before, Breneran is a budget brand: the cost of model 03, which can heat the room to 600m3, - 22 600 rubles.
Speeds "Breneran" compete products of such firms as "Ermak-Termo", "Teplodar", "Thermophore", "Miracle furnaces" (all - Russia). Products of the "Butaks" series ("Thermophore") on the design are essentially different from the "Breneran" models. Vertical, curved only at the top of the convection pipes producers located inside the furnace, which due to this slightly lost in the amount. Pipes are heated to high temperature throughout their entire length, which impairs a little convection and reduces the life of the device. But the stoves from the "Butaks" series are more compact and look more careful than "tidying pipes" models "Brene- RAS." The product "Associate Professor", designed to heat the room with a volume of 500m3, costs 27,500 rubles. Thermophore also produces convection models "Vertical" with an oven (from 21 500 rubles) and a small oven "Normal 2 turbo" (10 thousand rubles), interesting in that its design provides for the possibility of compulsory superior air into the convection pipe system .
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The Petit (godin) model (19) with the top loading of firewood exactly copies the products of the second half of the XIX. The furnace is covered with majolica and equipped with an enameled chimney. Price - from 79 thousand rubles.
Models of furnaces: Volubilis (godin) (20), from 215 thousand rubles; 560K (Contura) with ceramic facing, from 120 thousand rubles.
The furnace 30-in (STUV) (21) is equipped with two doors - glass and metallic with a small window.
Models "Top" ("Heplodar") and "Stroker" ("Ermak -Termo") very much resemble a series of "butaks", but the "Stoker" firebox has a smoke gas surge chamber equipped with injectors. "Miracle furnaces" are arranged much simpler: they are a hook with a casing, in which the ventilation holes are made from above and below. A similar furnace is slower than heats up air, it drains it stronger, but it is much cheaper - from 7700 rubles.
The main disadvantage of all the convection furnaces without exception is the low-temperature mode of operation (taking), in which a significant part of the fuel is not burned, and it is removed and thrown into the chimney. Diving cameras and injectors present in the design are usually ineffective. The fact is that the secondary gas is flammable at temperatures above 600 C. Astal aggregates (that is, those whose furnace is simultaneously housing) is prohibited to operate in high-temperature combustion mode.
Opinion of a specialist
Although the compact metal furnace is considered the simplest source of heat, it is still desirable that the holes for air intake in the furnace are equipped with a smooth adjustment flaps, otherwise the uncontrolled thrust amplification is possible, at which the firewood will quickly get root, and the device is hot. The presence of an ash box will facilitate the furnace service, and the lining with shamot and the use of pig-iron grate and the doors will significantly extend the life of the furnace.Alexander Mitin, Technical Specialist of the Company "95S"
Modestly but with a light
The family of compact metal furnaces leads its origin from the vintage regime heating devices, saved travelers from the already in the era of the enlightenment. It is curious that the design of one of the first small-sized cast iron furnaces for the heating housing was developed in 1742. Borendjamin Franklin. Veverop in the Xih century. Single metal furnaces have become widely used to warm their homes, poor citizens. Annex later in the USA and Canada, light hiking still hiking, which willingly acquired gold killers and hunters-lads. All the devices of this type are often called bourgearies.
Today, compact metallic furnaces with a 5-10 kW nominal capacity are produced by Godin, Invicta, Seguin (all - France), Vermont Castings (Canada), Jotul (Norway), Contura (Sweden) IDR. Many such products are placed in the trunk of the car and weigh less than 100kg, so they can be installed on the second floor of the house, even if the overlap has a low carrying capacity. The ovens are manufactured by arc welding of steel or collected with a special sealant from cast iron parts. Note that the walls of cheap products made of fine (1.5-2 mm) stainless steel or structural steel of Article 3 with intensive operation can fire after 5-6 years, while the stoves made of cast iron and boiler steel with a thickness of 4-8mm thick Designed for operation for at least 10 years.
When installing any metal devices should be paid to the increased attention of fire safety - to make the manufacturer who prescribed an indentation from the combustible structures and protect them with non-combustible insulation.
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Tulikivi manufactures chimneys from ceramic pipes with talcomagnesite casing (23). However, the furnaces of this company can be connected to chimneys of other types and manufacturers.
The outer chimney saves space in the house, but requires careful insulation (24).
The closer to the skate is a smoke tube, the easier it is to provide stable thrust and avoid water leaks through the roof (25). There are ready-made junctions with steel and lead "aprons".
Highway for smoke
A poor-quality or poorly mounted chimney can reduce all the advantages of the purchased furnace, and most importantly - to make use of it unsafe. The chimney is better to choose so that the deadlines of his service and the furnace coincide, as the replacement of the pipe in the finished house is a very difficult operation. Today, a variety of modular smoking systems of factory readiness are popular. Most available at the price (from 2 thousand rubles. For 1 p. M with internal diameter 150mm) and easy to install double-wall insulated chimneys from a stainless steel. Their durability depends mainly on the brand of steel used. Increased resistance to condensate, non-magnetic steel, such as AISI 31GL, 321 brands are possessed.
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Details of the chimney: element for overlapping (26); Corrugation (27); Hand board (28).
Extremely durable chimneys from ceramic pipes in a lung concrete casing (with a layer of insulation), presented on the domestic market for HART, Schiedel, Plewa, Tona, Wolfshoher Tonwerke (all - Germany). They are not afraid of condensate (however, they are built on the foundation), cost more than steel - from 4 thousand rubles. For 1 p. m) and demanding on the quality of installation.
With intensive operation of the furnace, especially in long-burning mode, you should clean the chimney from the soot at least 2 times a year. In the opposite case, the probability of a fire in the pipe occurs.
The editors thanks the company "95 C", "Wolfsheyer Surveque", "Dana",
"Union of Masters", "Tulikivi" for help in the preparation of material.