Experienced masters know well that the ceiling finish is not an easy and very responsible stage of repair. An alternative to traditional plaster and putty serve a variety of suspension systems. They allow not only to save time, but also get the best result. With the help of such designs also solve a variety of architectural and design and engineering tasks.
Experienced masters know well that the ceiling finish is not an easy and very responsible stage of repair. An alternative to traditional plaster and putty serve a variety of suspension systems. They allow not only to save time, but also get the best result. With the help of such designs also solve a variety of architectural and design and engineering tasks.
Suspended systems, of course, are not a universal agent for finishing the ceiling. If the plates of the upper overlap are laid without significant drops of levels and deviations from the horizontal, as a rule, it is enough to apply two or three layers of plaster putty onto a concrete, primed it and paint it. An optic or tail ceiling should be thought if there are irregularities or "steps" of more than 5 mm on the surface. But this is not the only case when you can safely recommend the false platform as the most profitable or even the only possible way to finish the "heavens" of your apartment.
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Photo V.Nepledov in |
Often the suspension ceiling is used to organize additional lighting and gaskets of air conditioning systems. The ceiling beads can be embedded in point lights (b) and ventilation grids (B)
However, before proceeding to the essence of the case, it is necessary to agree on the meaning of some concepts, since neither manufacturers do not have unity in the terminology. Berked we will call all designs with a frame that is rigidly attached to the overlap, or those that are generally absent (the trim material is fixed directly to the plate or beams). Pendant to name the ceiling on the suspension adjustable on the length. Ito and the other in principle is a false ceiling, since the "true" ceiling in the room is the bottom surface of the overlap.
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If it is necessary to provide access to communications hidden behind the plasterboard raised, the audit hatch is embedded in it. Thanks to the pressure mechanism of unlocking / locking (A, B, D) and special hinges (b) such a hatch is almost impaired
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Photo by V. Grigoriev | 
Photo by V.Ponarev | 
NGO "Cord" |
Cable trays, as well as ventilation pipes and boxes are fixed to overlapping using special brackets (D) or stap suspensions (E).
The frame of the stitched ceiling may consist only of parallel profiles (g) or have jumpers that give structures additional rigidity (s). Yves volume and in another case, direct suspensions-brackets use straight suspensions to the slab plate.
Strictly by prescription
In the "sphere of influence" of suspended and stitched ceiling structures have long been constructed in the 30-50s. Xx in. Houses with sleeping beam overlaps, where to restore the old stucco duch or grid is too expensive and long (and not every master can cope with it). False-slip firmly settled in new buildings with free-plan apartments, which are used mainly monolithic overlaps (on their lower surface traces of formwork, which cannot be hidden by the usual putty). In such cases, the height of the premises is usually large enough (2.8-3.5 m), which allows you to mount the suspension design.
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Flos. |
In order to make lighting devices in the randing, the indentation from the ceiling slab should be at least 80mm. Holes for single lamps (A, B) make a cutter, under the paired (B) - dried with a junk. The ceiling devices from rectangular tiles (g) are mounted by removing facing modules.
Uneven concrete overlap can be shuffled with a plaster mixture along a polymer grid (pre-plate is treated with adhesive soil), and then sharpen and paint. With a drop of 20-50mm heights, two layers of type "Rotband" ("KNAUF Gypsum", Russia) are required along a steel grid attached to the overlap, followed by alignment. But such works workflows, besides, getting a perfectly even plastered ceiling is more complicated than the wall. This wizard is not foundally found, and when the working "wide profile" is taken for business, they leave on the "waves" surface, which are clearly visible in the horizontal rays of light. Therefore, even if the ceilings are low, but at the same time the surface of the overlap is far from ideal, experts advise to mount a liner design, despite the fact that 50mm will have to lose.
Caution, cable!
Over the plasterboard ceilings, the wiring is carried out in a bending sleeve or a box of self-refining PVC plastic or use a cable with "NG" and / or FRLS labeling (fire-resistant, not supporting combustion, with low smoke and gas release). At the same time, the loose wire can be sent through the shortest path (optionally parallel to the walls). If the ceiling is made of fuel material (polystyrene foam, fiberboard, IT.D.), cables should be laid in a metal tube. Air ducts of supply ventilation or air conditioner, pipes of chiller-fanochal systems, as well as cold water supply, located above the ceiling, should be insulated. In the opposite case, condensate is formed on them, which, staining down, can spoil from the ceiling.
Upgrade, but high suspended ceiling rooms are needed to eliminate dimensions. Napanese and kitchens are often used easily mounted and durable ceilings from moisture-resistant plates, rival in this area with tension systems.
One of the most important useful properties of the Falsepotor is the ability to hide between it and overlapping communication: electrical wiring, air ducts of supply and exhaust ventilation and even water supply pipes and heating. Without suspended ceiling systems, it would be extremely difficult to mount the popular now audio componers multi-meter with centralized control, as well as multizone air conditioning systems. Note that the laying of wires and pipes in the prescription space is considered the safest: there is almost no risk to subsequently damage the communications there.
Bearing ceilings are widely used in summer construction. At the same time, along with the traditional clapboard, the universal (ceiling and walls) of PVC panels and MDF, mounted using a hidden fastener on a wooden crate, as well as drywall and dry-fiber sheets (GLC and GVL), plates from extruded polystyrene foam and glass jamsite.
Photo by V. Grigoriev | 
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Installation of a stitched ceiling by masters of the company "Ai Di Stroy": put the horizontal level and moved the mark on the installation plane (A, b). Attached with dowels guide profiles (B, G).
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Installed on overlapping direct suspensions in 600mm (D) increments and screwed ceiling profiles (E). The ends of the bracket then bent up. Single cross connectors ("crabs") and profile segments gathered a rigid lattice design (f - and).
It is he - plasterboard
The most widespread in the residential sector was the suspended structures from GLC and GWL. The basis of such a ceiling - metal frame from P-shaped guides (they are fixed to the walls around the perimeter of the room), supporting profiles (simple or reinforced), suspensions, connectors and fasteners. The type of frame is chosen taking into account the set of factors, such as the area of the room, the height of the superior space, the mass of the trim, the age of the building, the elasticity of the ODR overlap. The simplest frame consists of parallel profiles located with a step of 500-600mm on adjustable suspensions. However, such a frame does not have its own rigidity, therefore, with the vibrations of the overlap, the probability of cracks between the sheath sheets is large. A lattice frame of parallel profiles and jumpers is more reliable (the size of the cells, as a rule, is 550x550mm), bonded with each other using the so-called crops - cross-shaped connector. The two-level framework is best withstanding elevated loads, including uneven. He is collected, imposing the profiles of the cross-closer to each other and tightly tying them. Such structures are used with a link (vibrating) overlap or if there is planning massive decorative elements on the ceiling, such as mirrors, stained glass windows or plaster stucco. This type of frame allows you to significantly reduce the number of ceiling suspensions (their step in this case can be increased from 400-600 to 2000mm), and therefore holes in the slab overlap. The suspensions are attached to it with screws with metal dowels (it is impossible to use plastic dowels according to the rules of fire safety). Direct suspensions make it possible to arrange the bearing profiles close to the overlap or slightly lower them (maximum of 130 mm). Suspensions with spring clamp can be adjusted in length in the range of 100-500mm. If you need to omit the ceiling even lower, the cuts of the carrier profile are used as suspensions.
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We were cut by plasterboard (K). The knife for the linoleum was expanded by joints between sheets, giving them a wedge-shaped form (L). They saw them with the composition of UNIFL OTT and stuck with scotch (m, n).
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Applied a layer of finishing putty (o, P). It remains only to paint the ceiling
Cut the frame most often with a drywall of 9.5 mm thick (in one layer). At the same time, the joints are expanded by giving them a wedge-shaped form, and then rub the composition that preserves elasticity, for example, Fugenfit, Unifl Ott ("Knavel Gypsum"). When putty dry, the seams are best sealed with a dense paper tape, moistened with PVA. True, after that it will have to be aligned with a thin layer of plaster putty all the surface of the ceiling. If the overlap is subject to strong vibrations or the building has not yet given the shrinkage, the frame is cut into two layers with overlap of the joints.
Opinion of a specialist
With the help of a suspended or tail ceiling, a wide variety of designer tasks decide. For example, using a combination of two different materials and / or a level drop, it is not difficult to zonate the room. Slightly lowering the ceiling by the walls with the help of prefabricated drywall boxes and placing a glossy stretch fabric in the middle, you will be able to visually increase the room. A similar effect can be achieved by placing in the center of the ceiling insert from the highlighted matte glass (this reception is especially appropriate in close, poorly lit corridors). Suspended systems provide ample opportunities for organizing artificial lighting apartments. Without them, it would not be possible to mount point lights, arrange LED illumination. However, multi-level structures, especially complex forms, are not so popular today, as 5-10 years ago, and in most cases, designers seek to preserve the maximum height of the room.Olga Kondratova, Director of Design Studio "OK"
In a cage or striped?
The construction market offers a wide range of so-called modular suspended ceilings - tiled and robes. These systems are designed for quick installation and do not require subsequent finishes. Unich there is another advantage: in most cases, any of the modules are not difficult to remove from fasteners to replace or conduct a revision of communications laid in the prescription space. Rack ceilings produce GeiPel (Germany), Hunter Douglas (Luxalon Trademark, Netherlands), Inlook (Finland), Prometal (Italy), USG (USA), Albes, Bard, Lumsvet, Rosalumstroy ( All - Russia) IDR.
The suspension system of the cutting ceiling consists of p- or L-shaped support profiles (they are sometimes called stringers) with hooks for fastening rails and adjustable suspensions. The maximum length of the latter is 500mm. Reiki and suspensions are made mainly of galvanized steel. If you want to keep the ceiling height, profiles can be secured directly to the overlap using the corners. In this case, the total thickness of the structure will be on average 35-50mm. Manufacturers produce carrier profiles of different widths (15-30 mm) and height (25-40mm). Since the choice of one or another size depends on the calculated load, when buying a set, it is necessary to know the mass of the plates, which varies in the range of 3.0-6.5kg / m2.
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To create a circle, the profiles made propuls (b), and the GLK was curved the "wet" method (B)
Rakes are made of aluminum or galvanized steel with a thickness of 0.3-0.,6mm. Their width is 30-300 mm, and the length is 3-4m, although some firms are produced and the panels 6m long. Many companies make races of the desired sizes to order, which allows minimizing material waste. An curved elements for bulk curvilinear structures also produce to order. Their junction with the wall closes the cornice molding. It is important to emphasize that for "wet" zones, terraces and balconies are suitable only aluminum rails - steel can be corrosion in a year.
The color gamut of the rails is rather diverse: they are anodized and stained in tens of tones, although many options can be made only to order. At the same time, the price, as a rule, does not depend on the color (only the mirror glitter costs somewhat more expensive). The rails are also laminated (under the wood, marble, the skin - such products are, for example, in the range of USG companies), and on the order they even be veneered with venere wood of valuable rocks. An interesting decorative effect is obtained, alternating rails of different tones and various widths (the design of the guides allows you to do it). The cost of the cutting ceilings is 750-2000 rubles. For 1m2.
Tile suspended ceilings offer Acura, Armstrong (both - United States), Ecophon, Parafon (both - Sweden), Rockfon (Denmark), AMF, Illbruck, Owa (all - Germany), Ginter (Russia). The framework of such systems is a lattice design (sizes of cells - 300x300, 600x300, 600x600, 1200x600mm IDR). It can be open or hidden. For the first case, T-shaped profiles are used, on the horizontal shelves of which the tiles are placed. The hidden frame makes out of L-shaped profiles, and each tile is equipped with a logging (the width of the joints between the installed modules does not exceed 1mm).
Tiles are manufactured from various materials: extruded fiberglass, foamed PVC, steel, aluminum, polyurethane. Gypsum products are on sale - they are offered by the company "Hinter", Escayolas de Lodosa (Spain) IDR. Ceilings made of metal tiles are called cassette, and if the cassettes are made in the form of gratings - Grilyato. The greatest distribution was the panels of fiberglass and foamed PVC. The first is usually painted, the second is covered with melamine film or foil. The cost of tile ceilings - 900-4500 rub. For 1m2.
Report acoustics
Acoustic ceilings (they are in the assortment of Ecophon, OWA, Rockfon) use in home theaters and other rooms in areas where the sound distortion occurs due to repeated sound wave of hard surfaces due to repeated sound waves. The suspended acoustic ceiling is collected from tiles or panels with a thickness of 20-40 mm, made mainly from pressed mineral fiber coated with a layer of polymer with microperphoration. "Works" this design is approximately like this: the sound penetrates the material through the small holes, and part of the energy of the wave is converted into thermal fluctuations in fibers. The variables of various acoustic ceilings occurs such a magnitude as noise absorption coefficient (AW). It may have a value from 0 to 1. High noise absorption (AW = 0.7-0.8) means that the panels are well quenched echo, reducing the reverb time (attenuation of sound indoors). Along with the properties of the material, the geometric shape of the ceiling plays a major role - protrusions, niches and "pockets" are able to disperse a sound wave.
"Knauf Gypsum" | 
Ceiling Group. | 
Ecophon. |
Interesting optical effects can be obtained by hiding the light sources behind the eaves and in niches. Often in this way the LED devices for chromotherapy are installed, capable of changing the radiation spectrum in automatic mode (A).
Palette painting aluminum rails (b) and pressed fiberglass panels (B) includes tens of colors
However, the acoustic ceiling is not intended for sound insulation. If you often happen noisy, other solutions will be required. Most often, the noise design is built from GLC. Over the plasterboard, a layer of a dense polyethylene film is placed, and on top of it - mineral wool mats with a thickness of 50-100mm, for example, "Acoustik Batts" (Rockwool, Denmark), "Shumanet" and "Skinny" ("Acoustic Materials and Technologies", Russia) IDR. One of the main elements of the design is the so-called vibration-sensing suspensions, with which the bearing profiles are attached to the ceiling. Each suspension is equipped with a rubber shock absorber that impede the transmission of oscillations from the slab of the overlap to the false-voltage and vice versa. Another way to protect against noise recommended by some specialists is to consistently stick to the ceiling sheets of polystyrene foam 20-50mm and drywall or drywall. For this, polyurethane glue and spacer fixing racks are used. The schemes described allow to improve sound insulation by 10-15DB, but they are "work" mainly at high and middle frequencies.
High art
Cable, mirrors, stained glass and prints - this is not a complete list of exquisite jewelry used in creating decorative suspended ceilings. Such structures or their elements are manufactured in specialized workshops on ready-made samples or customer sketches. "Kesson" translated from the French - "Box". Warchitectures are denoted by square or polygonal recesses on ceilings, internal surfaces of archs, portals or arches, squeezed out of stone or cast from concrete. Similar forms, known from the ancient times, were widespread in the palace architecture of the new time.
Ecophon. | 
Ecophon. | 
"Phobos Plus" | 
"Phobos Plus" |
With the help of acoustic panels, you can create complex architectural forms (A, B). For curvilinear structures use flexible sheets with a thickness of 6 mm. The ceiling of glass tiles with facet (B, d) performs primarily a decorative function. In addition, it reflects the artificial and natural light well, so perfectly suitable for premises with bad insolation
Wooden caisson ceilings are in demand today. Strict and elegant models are collected from Likebrus. The base surface of the ceiling is plastered and painted or use a substrate from white MDF. Similar ceilings made in a classic style will become a wonderful decoration of the office, library or living room. More expensive designs are collected from massive hand-drawn products - cornices, borders, platbands, and cells are filled with square panels (sockets). Caissons with bulk carvings are designed for interiors decorated in Baroque and Ampire styles. The material for them is mainly oak and various breeds of mahogany. All types of caissons are complex not only in the manufacture, but also in the installation: the parts are attached to the overlap with the help of corners and screws and connect with each other using the ducts and glue. This is a painstaking job, since the whole fastener should remain hidden. Therefore, the cost of caisson ceilings is quite high - from 12 thousand rubles. For 1m2.
Opinion of a specialist
It is often necessary to hear that the technology of assembling the suspended plasterboard ceiling today is regulated in detail and is clearly worked out. This is true only in part. In advance to take into account all the nuances of construction practice is impossible, and universal recipes simply do not exist. Therefore, in each particular case, you have to invent the original (at least partly) the system. This is a task for a professional, since the durability of the design depends on the correctness of the solution. In order for the result to be successful, experience and skill skills are also needed, strict compliance with the technology of assembly and skewers and the production of painting works, the use of quality materials. Errors in the design and construction of a drywall ceiling can lead to a change in surface geometry, the occurrence of cracks between the GCL sheets and other unpleasant consequences. Cosmetic repairs will not help, and a complete dismantling of the ceiling in a hugged apartment is equal to a disaster. The customer should instruct the assembly of construction and the "paint" of one company and require two-year warranty from it.
Andrei Khrustalev, General Director of Ay Di Stroina
The panels for glass ceilings are made by the size of the standard frames of 600x600, 1200x600mm IDR. Unusual decor - surfaces from elements with a mirror edge or pattern resulting from sandblasting. A special effect is possible to get, combining photo printing or stained glass technology with hidden illumination.
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Stages of the assembly of a modular ceiling: to the slab of the overlap fasten the suspensions (A); Mount the guides and carrier profiles, while simultaneously adjusting the length of the suspension (B, B); Install the decorative panels (g)
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When installing sound insulation structures, vibration-fixing suspensions (D) are used. At the same time, plasterboard sheets are attached to profiles through a layer of porous rubber or felt (E), and the joints are then closed with decorative layout (if they simply sharpen them, cracks will appear on the ceiling)
The editors thanks the company "Ay Di Stroy", Rockwool, "Knauf Gyps",
Saint-Goben Construction Products Rus "," Phobos Plus "for help in the preparation of material.