Reconstruction of the bathroom: Dismantling of sanitary house, construction of new walls, floor and ceiling designs, waterproofing device, plumbing installation. Overdocking options Sanuzla
The bathrooms in our typical houses are not visible. Try apart from the bath and sinks to lay a washing machine there, the basket for linen and the cabinet for towels and for you the place itself will not be left. You will always think about how to get 1-2m2 extra area ...
Immediately make a reservation that the dream of a comfortable bathroom will have to be squeezed into a rather close framework. This is due to the fact that in most regions of Russia, local legislation prohibits redevelopment, contrary to the requirements of existing construction standards and rules. ATEY Rules (SNiP 31-01-2003 "Buildings Residential Multi-Fire") Stick: "It is not allowed to place a restroom and bathroom (or shower) directly above the residential rooms and kitchens." So, it is possible to expand the bathrooms only at the expense of corridors and utility rooms. There are other underwater stones of the legal property, which we told in detail in the "IVD", 2011, No. 1. Kschasty, our architects and designers are accustomed to restrictions. Sometimes they manage to radically improve the ergonomics of the room, moving the walls of only 10-20 cm and changing the location of the plumbing. It is about such reorganizations that are most often associated with the demolition of the "standard" santehkabin, and will be discussed in this article.
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One of the options for redeveloping the bathroom: the bathroom was combined with the toilet, the font was replaced by the shower and installed a box for a washing machine
Architect S. Window
Computer Graphics S. Vetrochova, O. Naklokhina
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Elimposes of replacing the bathroom: with an increase in its area (A); With an increase in the area and changing the configuration of the room (b)
Architect E. Kirillova
Computer graphics T. Bekhtereva
Before found, and then ...
Santekhkabina factory manufacturer began to install in the houses of the first multisective panel series. This decision was designed first of all to reduce the deadline for the construction of housing. After all, Santechkabine, in fact, is the finished room (or rather, the "bathroom + toilet" block) - with doors, mounted segments of water supply, sewer and ventilation pipes already installed by plumbing. The tower crane simply lowers such "boxes" on the floors of the building built.Resolution of the Government of Moscow of February 8, 2005 No. 73-PP
"On the procedure for reorganization and (or) redevelopment of residential and non-residential premises in residential buildings in the city of Moscow":
"It is not allowed to reorganize the premises, in which ... work on the device of floors with heating from general water supply and heating systems" is performed.
Moscow city building standards (MGSN) 3.01-01 "Residential buildings":
"It is not allowed ... The entrance to the room, equipped with a toilet, directly from the kitchen and residential rooms. Input is allowed: from the bedroom to the bathroom; From the bedroom to the combined bathroom with a device in the apartment of a second room equipped with a toilet, with the entrance to it from the corridor or hall. "
SNiP 2.04.01-85 *. "Internal water supply and sewage system":
"The hidden laying of steel pipelines connected on the threads, with the exception of carbon to attach wall water treatment ... is not allowed. Insides, the installation of the reinforcement should include doors."
Snip 41-01-2003 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning":
"Measurement of pipes without casing to building structures is allowed ... With the calculated service life of pipes 40 years and more ... The laying of pipelines from polymer pipes should be provided with hidden: in the floor, plinths, behind the screens, in the strangers, mines and canals ... "
Before the beginning of the 90s. Xx in. The walls of Santekhkababine were made of two-layer panels collected from asbestos cement plates with a thickness of 10mm on a wooden frame, and the ceiling is from single asbestos-cement plates. The bottom of the cabin, having a pallet shape with a 50mm highlight, was made of heavy concrete and there, at the factory, laid out with ceramic tiles. Walls, ceiling and bottom collected in a single design using metal plates, self-tapping screws and bolts, covered in concrete. Later asbestos cement plates were replaced with monolithic reinforced plaster thickness 50mm. During the construction of the house, the cabin is not close to the capital walls of the building, and with the mounting gap width of 30-50mm (this slit is filled with pacles, and then plastered).
It would not be wrong to assume that Santechkabine needs only builders. It is true to serve the tenants of the house. It is well known that in Khrushchev, the slightest leakage inevitably ends with a date with the neighbors living below. Meanwhile, in the buildings of a more modern building, a pair of water buckets on the floor does not turn into a natural disaster. Due to the presence of a waterproof floor-pallet, you can quietly allow the child to arrange a marine battle in your "water area". AESLi breaks up a flexible eyeliner to the mixer or a tank of the toilet, you will have some time in order to overlap the valves on the riser. Therefore, after dismantling Santechkabina, it is necessary to arrange a new waterproofing floor.
Even if you are not going to increase the bathroom, but you just want to combine the bathroom and the toilet, to dismantle the cabin will have to be completely. The fact is that when demolishing partitions (or any of the walls), the design will lose stiffness and as a result of this, deformations will arise, which will increase over time.
Keep legs warm
Dismantling of Santechkabina is a rather laborious process. It can be implemented only at the initial stage of repair - before the finishing work starts. The cabin is destroyed gradually, removing one by one small fragments. It is best to do this with the help of a special disk saw, however, in practice, a perforator, a sledgehammer and a Bulgarian (for cutting reinforcing grid) are more often in the course. At first glance, such actions do not require highly qualified masters, therefore, the temptation is brought to a random worker, whose services will cost inexpensively. However, this is a risky way. Indeed, in case of damage to the pipes of the main water supply and sewage, the costs of eliminating the accident can be repeatedly exceeded by saved funds. Turning to a specialized or large construction company, you will be insured against such trouble. Dismantling of Santekhkabina is relatively cheap - 8-15 thousand rubles. Plus 3-4 thousand rubles. For the removal of construction garbage (this article is not avoided in any case).
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New baths of the bathroom should be erected from lightweight tile-adolescent hollow plaster (A) or gas-silicate (b)
Photo M. Polyakova
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Sanitary risker (a) is impossible to transfer, but it is not difficult to make changes to the instrument connection scheme (b)
The high podium under the bathroom allows you to easily hide both input and drain pipes.
Photo by D. Minkin (A), (b).
On the way of creation
The construction of the walls does not represent much difficult. To do this, it is better to use hydrophobized puzzle plaster plates - PGP (for example, "Knauf-Gypsum", Russia). The dormitory makes sense to add an additive to Trockner Keller (Lugato, Germany) or similar. Each row of plates need to be "tied" to the capital walls with the help of corners or mortgage pins. It is also permissible to apply a slit brick or gas-silicate partition blocks. However, in the latter case, it takes a much more carefully reinforced the masonry (adjacent blocks in the row fasten with each other with steel galvanized plates). In addition, foam block is able to absorb moisture, like a sponge. Therefore, before facing the walls with tiles, they will have to protect the water-repellent plaster - for the preparation of the solution, it is not bad to use the mixtures "Hydro Sii" ("Etrilate"), Magnum ("Glims", both - Russia), "Magma" (Stoltz, Germany) - either to cover in several layers by painting waterproofing, such as Akvasyl (OZS, Russia), Flachendicht (KNAUF, Germany), Osmofl EX (INDEX, Italy). You can hydrophobic the plaster mixture by adding to it, say, additive. The doorways usually give the dimensions of 1980 700 or 2080 800 / 900mm, based on the fact that the door canvas will have dimensions 1900 600 or 2000,700 / 800mm. The partition between the bathroom and the toilet (if such is planned) is asked after the creation of a new pallet, designed to protect the building design, as well as the finish of your housing and the neighbors from the bottom.
In the new river
Waterproof floor pallet is built in several stages. Since at home is almost impossible to prepare a hydraulic concrete (its main feature is a high density that is provided at the factory with the help of vibropressing), it is necessary to create a multilayer design.
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For waterproofing, polymer and bitumen primers and mastics are often used in the bathroom.
The main layer of waterproofing is created using rolled materials.
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Special cement formulations and liquid polymer membranes will help protect the walls of moisture
First of all, two layers of rolled waterproofing with a mutually perpendicular direction of the slaves are placed on the ceiling slabs. Domestic materials from a modified bitumen on durable fibrous (glass cholester, fiberglass) or non-woven polyester-based (fiberglass) or non-woven polyester-based (fiberboard brands and CPP, hydrohoteloisol, isoplast, rubitex, glass eelast, technoelast, philipol). The strips of each layer are located with the overlap about 100mm, melting them with each other with the help of a gas burner or gluing mastic. Isolation is set on the walls so that its edge is tumped over the level of the future of the final floor by about 50mm.
After that, the layers of formwork are installed in the doorways and cast a screed with a thickness of 30-50mm. The doctor must add plasticizing, sealing and hydrophobic additives, such as Ceresit CC 92 ("Henkel-Baewechnik"), "Tiner C" (SASI), "ARMIX SUPERLAST" ("Alliance-Art", all- Russia). Punching of the filler uses crushed stone or clamzite (fraction not more than 10mm), and for reinforcing a steel grid with a diameter of rods at least 3mm and the size of cells up to 100mm. The edges of the mesh bend up so that 25-30mm from the edge of the scrolls were released with a length of 40-45mm. Next, go to the casting of the side. The next day, when on concrete, putting wide boards, you can already walk, set the formwork along the walls of the indent of about 40 mm and fasten the side with a height of 35-65mm (taking into account the fact that 10-15mm "will eat outdoor coating). The same height should have a belt base of the partition between the bathroom and the toilet, it is allowed not to rein. Through 2nd, when the screed finally "stands up", it is covered with painting waterproofing, which makes the surface of the surface with ceramic tiles.
The option is ideal when the floor level in the bathroom turns out to be 25-30 mm lower than in the rest of the premises (then you can do without an uncomfortable speaker). However, this is possible only if the whole apartment is arranged in the entire apartment (at least 60mm) heat or soundproofing rough floor. In all other situations, the origin should be designed so that its height is at least 30mm, - "low-profile" ledges are more traumatic.
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Varieties of moisture resistant ceiling: from a polyester cloth with a print (A); from fiberglass panels on stainless steel frame (b); from glossy PVC film (B);
"Stringer" (a), (c);
Ecophon (b).
The durability of hidden structures largely depends on the quality of tile work. Moisture easily penetrates too wide and unevenly filled seams;
Duscholux (g).
The ceiling in the bathroom after the suspension of Santechkabina, as a rule, lowered: This allows you to make the size of the room more proportional, hide vent rows and place spotlights. It remains to choose between the tension (from the PVC film) and suspended systems.
How not to sit in a puddle
The film ceiling is completely not afraid of moisture, can be matte or glossy, have different colors. However, its service life does not exceed 10 years - over time, the material changes the shade and saves. At the same installation of the stretch ceiling of a small area, the markup acts, sometimes reaching up to 50% of the usual (already rather high) cost, and there are no sets for self-installation. The suspended ceiling is constructed on the frame of galvanized steel suspensions and guides. Aluminum rails, plastic tiles, fiberglass or extruded polystyrene, moisture-resistant plasterboard sheets can serve as a cumulative material (the latter are covered with wet rooms). As a rule, the suspended ceiling is cheaper than tension, but its installation takes more time.
Pipe voice
The reconstruction of the bathroom usually implies the transfer of plumbing, the eyeliner to which you have to mask. The water pipes in principle can be hidden in the screed, but the sewer there will not fit there. After all, their diameter is 50-100mm, moreover, it is necessary to take into account the need for slope (1-2%). Drain pipes are hidden in different ways. The universal means of masking communications are boxes that are built by a construction method. However, a high and wide "step" along the wall is not always possible to beat in the interior. Kschastina, in the arsenal of designers there are other techniques. Large diameter pipes are easy to hide inside podiums, cabinets and racks, behind the baths for the bath, at the base of partitions and semi-carrot. The best materials for all similar designs - cement panels with a thickness of 12.5mm, reinforced by a glass tape mesh, for example "aquaPane" ("Knauf"), as well as plates from extruded polystyrene thick 20-60mm (say, Ruspanel, both - Russia). For the first, a metallic frame is required, the second when assembling compact structures is permissible to fasten directly with each other using screws and special glue. Both materials are designed for cladding with tiles, mosaic IT.P.A little exotic
When installing the toilet or bath, it is important not to disturb the waterproofing of the floor. This point of view is optimal for the adhesive for glue to the finishing coating or the installation on the stiletto screed in advance. Using screws, the holes in the floor are filled with polymer mastic or silicone sealant before scoring the dowels in them.
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During the reconstruction of the water supply, it is desirable to use non-rubber hoses, and steel (A), metal-polymer (b) and polypropylene pipes, however, the threaded connections cannot be dispersed in concrete. The sewage system uses pipes and shaped elements from polypropylene, polyethylene and PVC (B);
The modern approach to the layout of the bathroom involves the hidden installation of plumbing using the so-called installation systems. One of the most important elements is an embedded toilet tank, which is hiding into the wall, partition or santechshkaf.
Photo V. Kovaleva (a), (c);
Geberit (b), (g).
No bathroom can do without ventilation. In many houses, the bathroom is connected to a general-purpose ventkala with an open box, which inevitably dismantle along with a plumbing. Restore this bulky and uncompatible design does not make sense. Much better, lowering the ceiling by 120-150mm, cut the ventilation grilles into it, and then combine them with a riser by means of flexible metal or plastic box.
The editors thanks the International Design School, Geberit and Viega for help in preparing the material.