Solid fuel fireplaces with a closed furnace: design features and criteria for choosing a high-quality and economical model of the hearth, the technology of assembly and installation of the fireplace
Western European fireplace for a long time is considered a symbol of home comfort. Nowadays, he only remotely reminds that smoking and almost not the warmth of the focus, who was sat down by the gambling London evenings of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson. Thanks to modern technical solutions, the fireplace has become much safer and more efficient. But as insert, its design allows you to admire the fascinating game of the flame.
The modern market offers many constructive and design solutions of fireplaces. What criteria are guided by choosing components? What can be saved, and where does not follow costs? How to prevent errors when installing? We will try to answer these and other issues. But for a start, find out what the fireplace is different from the embedded closed firebox from other representatives of the "family" of fireplaces.
"Dana" / M-Design | 
"Dana" / M-Design | 
"Dana" / Chemines Philippe |
Invicta. | 
Godin. | 
Godin. |
1.2. Facing for the furnace can be performed by a construction method or purchase a ready-made set of details. Sometimes, for example, for the LUNA furnaces (from 155 thousand rubles) (1), and Venus (from 119 thousand rubles) (2), the manufacturer offers various framed projects in which changes can be made. 3. ATOLL fireplace with a cavalry facing. Complete price - from 137 thousand rubles. 4-6. Grand Vision (from 52 thousand rubles) (4); 925 F with automatic schiber (from 155 thousand rubles) (5,6)
At the crossroads
Open fireplaces, such as classic English or fashionable "island", help create a cozy atmosphere in the house and decorate the interior. By the way, such a hearth is not necessary to spread out of stone or bricks, you can purchase a finished product made of steel, cast iron, sawn natural stone or concrete modules. But these days, an open fireplace in essence stopped considered the heating device, because the less energy-saving principle of work is difficult to imagine. Directional chimney and the inability to reduce the amount of air supplied to the furnace, determine the loss of approximately 80% of heat. Avialetted from an open source Corner may cause a fire, so you will have to additionally buy the screen sparkling from glass or metal mesh.
These disadvantages are devoid of modern units: fireplaces with closed firebox, ready-made metal fireplaces, as well as firebreads from stone or ceramic modules. Fireplaces are most accessible in price, no assembly works (with the exception of chimney mounting) and the construction of the foundation, compact and very quickly begin to give heat. However, for the most part, they are distinguished by an unassuming design. Talco chloro or ceramic mace, on the contrary, massive and looks very thorough, and thanks to the built-in smoke turnover, its efficiency is even somewhat higher than that of female fireplaces. But it is, it is usually much more expensive. The same unit approaches the home for permanent accommodation rather, since it is necessary for several hours to warm it (but it is a long way to store heat).
Lifting doors
The furnaces with a vertically-rising door are used in the construction of fireplaces that have both modern and classic design. This constructive solution almost does not affect the technical characteristics of the unit, the price of the furnace is capable of increased 1.5-2 times. The lifting mechanism consists of guides for the door, counterweight, chains and leading rollers equipped with bearings. So that the glass can be washed from the inside, manufacturers usually provide for the ability to open the door or throw it back. Chains of the mechanism once a few years required to lubricate; In order not to disassemble the chimney cover for this, it is better to immediately make a special window. In principle, the furnaces with the rising door can be operated in the open hearth mode, but at the same time do not divide the hot fire, limit the two-three small lanes.
Fireplaces with a closed firebox according to its technical characteristics closer to the furnaces, but they often require a foundation (which is better to foresee at home design). In the presence of a stone cladow, they acquire heat-accumulating properties (though, to the forefinger in this regard, they are far away). The efficiency of the aggregates is about 70%, and the rated power is mainly mainly from the size of the furnace and the method of supplying air to combustion - reaches 20 kW (usually it is guided by the norm: 1 kW at 8-14m2 heated area).
Perhaps the main advantage of the fireplace with a closed fuel-modular assembly principle that provides a wide selection of design solutions. Supporter of the tradition will not be found to find the hearth in English style. The aprichelter of the newest trends of interior design will fall into the souls of nothing decorated "screen" on the wall or a slim column filled with fire.
Looking plates
Specifications, service life of the unit and even its design is largely due to the material and engineering solution of the furnace. Modern furnaces cost 20-140 thousand rubles. Depending on the design type, dimensions and manufacturer name. This is usually 20-50% of the price of the entire fireplace (taking into account the foundation, cladding, chimney and construction and installation work).
"Dana" / Chemines Philippe | 
"ECOCAMIN" / FONDIS | 
Invicta. |
Invicta. | 
Godin. | 
"Dana" / M-Design |
7. Built-in wall Fireplace Zalana. Price with mounting - from 300 thousand rubles. 8. Vision washed (from 38 thousand rubles) The door can be completely removed by turning the furnace to open. 9.10. Fire models: Compact (from 30 thousand rubles) (9); Panoramic T (from 70 thousand rubles) (10). The second is an insert for the "upgrade" of the masonry fireplace. 11. Model 851-combined 4-kW combined firebox (from 235 thousand rubles) 12. Fireplace with vertical furnace LUNA GOLD (from 170 thousand rubles)
The furnaces are cast iron, steel and combined. What prefer? Famous Western manufacturers - Fabrior, Godin, Invicta, Seguin, Supra (all-France), Vermont Castings (Canada), Jotul (Norway), ABX (Czech Republic) - produce cast iron furnaces mainly for classic fireplaces. The use of steel involves more modern architectural solutions. Small batch of original furnaces, such as the so-called through (with two glazed facades), are made only from steel products from cast iron in small quantities unprofitable.
Cast-iron furnaces collected from cast parts with a special sealant, often consider more durable. Indeed, the thickness of their walls reaches 10mm. The same cast iron has greater thermal conductivity than alloy steel. The result is better than the heat of burning flights to the surrounding air, while it does not overheat and scale is not formed on the metal. Some manufacturers, let's say Haas + Sohn (Czech Republic), Jotul, "allow" stone coal in their cast-iron furnaces. But there are cast iron and disadvantages. So, sometimes due to the sharp uneven heating in the crystal structure of the material, voltages occur, and the firebox gives a crack. A number of manufacturers, such as godin, even provide for some models the possibility of replacing the rear wall (it is most susceptible to thermal shocks) without dismantling the design. A heavy cast iron door sometimes saves due to wear of moving parts, so it is desirable that the design allows you to adjust the loops. In general, cast-iron furnace, despite the seeming simplicity of the device, requires careful and careful handling, as a complex and accurate tool. With this condition, it will last dozens of years.
Fedorino Gore
It is no secret that sooner or later the glass of the furnace door is covered with soak. The speed of this process depends on the design of the furnace, the correctness of the adjustments and quality of firewood. So that the contaminated surface does not have to wash every day, the furnace must be equipped with a "clean glass" system, that is, to have a narrow slit over the door, allowing the glass downward air to the glass. Sometimes the furnaces are equipped with the so-called glass pyrolytic self-cleaning system - it is, for example, in some models Chemin # 233; ES Philippe (Godin). The main thing is the double glazing of the door, which ensures the heating of the inner glass to the temperature 650-750 # 186; p. At the same time, organic resins burn, soot turns into seal flakes and peeling from the surface. Wash the glass is better than a special means for fireplace furnaces (in the extreme case - for ovens). Fresh smoking easily to remove with a damp sponge, having dipped it into the ash.
The steel is subject to corrosion and the formation of scale, so the walls made of the furnace made of it over time are thinned. Avteda their thickness and so rarely exceeds 4mm, otherwise the price of the product is unreasonably increase. However, all leading manufacturers are EDILKAMIN, LA NORDICA (OBTALY), ENBRA (Czech Republic), IGC (France), Hansa (Germany), Nibe (Sweden) - apply a lining (protective inner cladding) chamotte or vermiculitic plates, which allows you to reduce No lack named. It is worth paying attention to that vermiculite is considered to be more heat and eco-friendly material, but moisture is afraid and can crack if you use raw firewood.
Combined furnaces, made of cast-iron and steel structural elements, are well established (most often the walls are made of steel, and from the cast iron, the cooler and the smoke collector). Such, for example, some products of Schmidt (Germany). But on the market there are also furnaces made of carbon structural or stainless steel with a thickness of 2-3mm, without a lining, which does not exceed 5-8 years. We would not recommend such products to our readers. Sometimes when using the fireplace, firebox defects are manifested.
Most often arise problems with the door. If the glass is fixed in it rigidly (the mounting screws are pulled), when heated it can crack. Then boldly contact the company supplier, it will be considered as a warranty case. But if the crack gives the wall of cast-iron furnaces, most likely you have to repair the fireplace at your own expense: to prove that this is a production marriage, and not the result of a violation of the rules of operation is almost impossible.
Opinion of a specialist
With an excess of air and fully open, the thrust is enhanced and the fuel is very quickly roasted, and in the room it becomes hot. With the lack of air, the firewood begin to figure, the efficiency of the unit decreases sharply, the glass is quickly covered with soak, and many condensate and soot are formed in the chimney. Therefore, most of the furnaces in the process need to periodically change the settings, and this delivers certain inconvenience. An exception model with a system of self-regulating dampers managed by thermal sensors, such as Linea T (Hansa) or LUNA GOLD + (M-Design, Belgium). The dampers are controlled by the built-in thermal sensors based on bimetallic plates. The required combustion intensity is set once, at the installation stage of the furnace and chimney. Yv further the owner may not think about adjustments.
Vitaly Ustinov, General Director of the company "Union of Masters"
Leave elements
With the external similarity of the furnace of different models, there may be significant constructive differences. This applies mainly by combustion air supply. The tightness of modern units provides for two streams of air: primary, most often used only at the ignition stage and supplied at the bottom of the furnace; The secondary, incoming either to the bottom (usually in the presence of a grate grid), or to the top of the furnace of the furnace (when burning on the journey). Primary and secondary streams can be adjusted using dampers. There are also a tertiary flow, which is always directed to the top of the burning area and is designed for the flue gases. Before entering the furnace, the air heats up, passing through the channels in the walls, - without this it will not be possible to reach the temperature necessary for CO survivors.To increase the heat transfer, the outer surface of the furnace makes orders and thus increase its area. Two or three horizontal walls, forming a winding canal. Passing along it, the flue gases give part of heat (this is necessary, in particular, in order not to overheat the first chimney module). It is desirable that the furnace is equipped with a schiber. Then you can easily reduce cravings and thereby slow down the combustion process.
Opinion of a specialist
As a rule, there is a convection gap of 30-60mm width 30-60mm, necessary for free air circulation, left between elements of the closed firebox and its facing. Facing must have ventilation holes for efficient heat removal from firebox and chimney. If you are planning with the help of a fireplace to warm up neighboring and remote premises, it makes sense to arrange forced ventilation of the casing. To do this, under the furnace put a special fan, and hot air is removed from the top of the chimney box along flexible sleeves. If additional heat from the fireplace is undesirable, it makes sense to choose an open furnace version.
Andrei Pyenko, Technical Director of Saga
Dress for Cinderella
The choice of models of finished facing is extremely rich. The most popular English classic: a strict urban style (frame framed, designed for chimney, laid inside the wall) and a more cheerful country (wide stand-based base with a rush for firewood, a massive wooden shelf and a cone-shaped either direct chimney box). Modular cladding for classic fireplaces is carried out mainly from natural materials. For budget products, sandstone-slab, a seven, and for more expensive marble and granite. German and Italian manufacturers often use a light heat-resistant concrete. I would like to highlight the cladding under ancient from ceramic modules, such as REGNIER products (France).
Considering the fashion on the loft and minimalism, today manufacturers offer a large selection of furnaces embedded in the wall or rashlock. This solution saves on the facing: only the front frame for the furnace is acquired instead of it, and the wall or a column is erected independently from cellular concrete or GVL. Such an approach opens up ample opportunities for creativity, since the design can be supplemented with a variety of functional and decorative elements: flunnels, wooden beams attached to the side by table tops. Leading companies also produce ready-made portal embodiments in loft styles and high-tech, made of patinated sheet copper, painted or polished stainless steel, steel panels under brick, stone and even trimmed veneer wood.
"Dana" / Regnier | 
KM | 
KM |
Gutbrod keramik | 
Jotul. | 
Grey Factory / Stuv |
13. CHARLINE model with "through" furnace and ceramic facing (from 470 thousand rubles) 14.15. Facing of marble (14) and limestone (15) 16. Gutbrod Keramik fireplace (from 214 thousand rubles) 17, 18. Modern solutions: Fireplace, built into Falshland (17) or in a pretty metal construction (18)
The fireplace shelves most often make an oak array treated with flame retardant. However, recently the hollow construction is popular, reinforced with internal ribs. Such shelves will not behave, and they will not crack.
Let's start assembly
The mantel design is usually mounted in this order: first set the base base (if there are no legs in the furnace), the furnace is placed on it, then they collect chimney, sweat, and the chimney box. You need to deliver all the necessary components to the object to the object, and then the installation will take no more than 3 days. The owned house must also take care of the insulation of the wall to which the fireplace is adjacent. The furnace highlights a lot of radiant energy, so the protective design must be solid. You can see the surface asbestos cardboard or GWL, then lay (and better secure cement glue) Fire-tracting plates from stone wool, say Firebatts (Rockwool, International Concern) with a thickness of 50mm, and then post the wall to the Pollock.
Facing from any materials are collected using heat-resistant adhesives, such as Ceresit CM17 (Henkel, Germany) and "Flekclubber" ("Knauf") or IVSIL Termix (IVSIL, both- Russia). It is important to keep in mind that if the fireplace rests on a separate basis, not related to the foundation of the house, it is impossible to fix items to walls and overlaps: due to the uneven shrinkage, the design and its destruction are possible. The chimney box is difficult to assemble without support on the walls and ceiling beams, therefore, there is a compensatory seam between it and cladding. It is better to perform a box of GVV, and not from GCL, and be sure to insulate from the inside with foil plates from the stone wool with a thickness of 30-50mm, otherwise under the influence of the flow drops of the sheets of sheets, it will certainly be disappeared.
Who to charge the installation of the fireplace? You can save money by contacting a familiar cook or in a proven construction company. But then you will give two or even three separate guarantees - on the furnace, cladding and installation work. Inesley with a fireplace will happen anything, your hopes for compensation for damage are most likely drowned in the stream of mutual accusations. If you decide to purchase expensive furnace and cladding, you should order installation from their supplier. Htuki firms are always a staff of professional masters who know (at least obliged to know) all the nuances of setting a specific model. Willow will be provided with a complete comprehensive warranty without any reservation.
Smoke on the horizon
The pipe for connecting to chimney in the fireplace furnaces is usually located on top. Its diameter is usually 200, 230, 250 or 300 mm. Manufacturers recommend applying chimney from steel pipes, although it is allowed to connect to a brick or ceramic chimney using a steel adapter. To use the warmth of flue gases, specialists are advised within the residential floors to collect chimney from one-way (dismaded) pipes inside ventilated casing from non-combustible material. True, it should be borne in mind that the number of condensate will noticeably increase (especially if you often light the fireplace to protruding the cold cottage). Most often, the double-circuit tube is installed, starting with the level of ceiling or inter overlap. The furnaces are not designed to perceive the load from the chimney, so the latter must be described on the wall using special brackets.
The editors thanks the company "Dana", Saga for help in the preparation of material.