Composite pools: making technologies for pool and criteria for selecting high-quality composite design
Nowadays, people seeking to satisfy their modest needs in the personal reservoir buy and install an inflatable or frame pool at the cottage. Those who have dreamed of dying, we recommend purchasing a pool from the composite. How to choose a bowl for him?
From concrete to the composite
The idea of the concrete pool often dies after trying to calculate, how much it will cost its structure, especially if the level of groundwater is high on the plot. The fact that the concrete pool is played by the fact that the concrete pool is, the more street, requires major repairs (dismantling the cladding, restoration of waterproofing and repeated cladding) at least once every 10 years. Iza it must be postned from 1/3 to 1/2 of its cost.
Compromise often becomes the finished bowl of the pool, which is called composite. The new product gradually conquers the domestic market, smoothly knead its concrete "fellow". It is not surprising, because the composite pools can be built much faster, and their service life reaches 50 years (during this time it will have to change at least ten inflatable artificial water bodies or five frames and repaired concrete construction.
In our market, composite pools are represented by Arkady (TM Franmer), Admiral Pools, Water World (USA- Ukraine, TM Fiber Pools), CompassPools (Australia- Slovakia), as well as a number of small Russian firms. Similar to the products they offer the size of the smallest buyakers is 22-52m (the price is 60-150 thousand rubles). The dimensions of full-size pools are as follows: the length is 5-13m, the width is 2.5-4.9m (they will cost in 200 thousand-1,5ml rubles.).
The advantages and technology of installation of composite pools were told in detail recently (see "IVD", 2009, №11). Therefore, in this article, we will pay the main attention to how to choose a high-quality bowl so that it serves for a long time. The answer to this question lies in the manufacturing technology.
"Water World Aqua" | 
"Water World Aqua" | 
"Water World Aqua" | 
"Water World Aqua" |
The main stages of the creation of the pool bowl:
1- The matrix is applied layers of wax, gelcoat, and then fellarming with the help of special pneumatic equipment;
2-glasses in the sticker are sent by a manual roller;
3- grate the finished bowl;
4- In the end of the process, a protective coating is applied to the back surface of the bowl.
Secrets of the composition
Composite material (KM) is called an inhomogeneous solid material consisting of two or more components: reinforcing elements that provide the necessary mechanical characteristics of KM, and a binder that guarantees the joint work of reinforcing elements. In the manufacture of pools, the compositions of the fiberglass are used (it has the highest tensile strength indicators) and chemically polymerized polyester resin-created multilayer "pie" perfectly opposed bending.
The production technology is approximately such: first design, and then performed from a tree or cement-sand mixture the pool model. It is covered with several layers of glass-powder, impregnated with resin. The "imprint" obtained in this way is removed from the model, polished, polished and thus turn into a matrix, which is used for the manufacture of a series of cups.
A special agent based on wax, applied to the matrix, will further make it relatively easy to remove the cup from it. The wax is sprayed with a decorative protective layer (thickness - about 1mm) from the gelkuty. This material after polymerization will acquire high hardness and chemical stability. He will be the "face" of the finished bowl of the pool, determining her color (gelkout can be both white and color) and design (decorative fillers sometimes introduce into it). It is this layer that serves as the main object of warranty. Perhaps the most resistant color and white; It is obtained using titanium oxide, and the rest - adding painting pigments into the gelkut, which over time, as a rule, fade a little. By the way, when choosing a tone and textures should be borne in mind: what they are more difficult, the more expensive is the restoration of the gelkuty layer if it is damaged.
Next, the gelcoat is applied a layer of vinyl ester resin, non-porous and almost impenetrable for water molecules. The thickness of this layer is no more than 2mm, and on the cut of the finished bowl it looks whispe.
The third layer is created by spraying a polyester resin together with a chicken glass (fellarge) with a length of 2.5-5 cm. Chaotic sprayed glass roofing does not have such strength like fiberglass, but it is applied by applying pneumatic equipment, and due to this it is possible to quickly increase the wall thickness of the bowl (up to 4-5mm).
The next reservoir is formed from several layers of woven fiberglass (the so-called glassheelogene), the scenario and glued manually. This makes a brigade of four workers: the fabric must be soaked with a resin and at the same time smoothing with special rollers, and due to the complex shape of the bowl, the process does not automate. The use of manual labor somewhat increases the cost of the product, but the goal justifies the means. After all, this particular layer is durable, but it is quite flexible, able to withstand as an expansion of ice (if the water in the pool freezes) and the seasonal teaching of the soil.
Finally, a protective layer - special paint (topkut), protecting the bowl of atmospheric and other effects during storage, transporting IT.D. After curing the resin from the matrix gently remove the finished bowl and the jigsaw or the grinder cut the edge of the top flare. The inner surface of the product is grinning and polished by applying special compositions.
Photo V. Kovalev | 
Photo V. Kovalev | 
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5-6. The surface of the bowl surface covered with a layer of topcoat, under which the texture of the glass-roofing (5) is clearly visible. The same surface, but the fibergulation fiber (6) is clearly visible under it (6) - it means that there is no power layer.
7. Structure of the COMPASSPOOLS Basin Station.
According to the technology, somewhat different from the described, manufactures compasspools pool bowls. There is a layer of vinyl ceramics between the fellargerang and puff fiberglass (filler serve hollow ceramic microspheres). This increases the strength and thermal insulation properties of the product.
The quality of the bowl can be determined by its appearance. So, the texture of fiberglass (glass-roas) will be sure to be viewed on the outer surface of the bowl. If instead of glass-roofing under the layer of the topcoat, separate fiberglass fibers are clearly noticeable, it means that the manufacturer saved on creating the most durable layer.
You will be able to learn a lot about the manufacturing technology, carefully examined the cut of the top flap of the bowl, as all layers are clear there. For example, if there is no whore layer, located immediately under the gelkuty, the manufacturer reduced its costs due to the vinyl ester resin (and its cost is quite high) and thus pushed the waterproof of the bowl.
Have you noticed on a cut mineral (and not at all ceramic) inclusions? Keep in mind: the manufacturer to save his funds, introduced mineral fillers into the resin: marble flour, powder clay, sand IT.P. (Applying such a composition automated, which also saves).
In the end of the ends, the properties of the bowl can be judged by the quality of its inner surface. If it is smooth, smooth and disappear, you are quite normal. Aesley pores are visible to the naked eye and besides, there is no whisen laying on the selection of flashes.
Photo V. Kovalev | 
Photo V. Kovalev | 
Photo V. Kovalev | 
"Water World Aqua" |
Sections of the walls of the bowl:
8- Normal: It looks at all the laid layers - from the gelkuty to glass-roofing;
9- Samopal: there is no waterproof layer, as well as a power layer of glass-roofing, impregnated with resin.
Bowls outside:
10- Normal: Powerful horizontal and vertical ribs are molded in the manufacture of bowls;
11- Samopal: Horizontal ribs are missing, vertical simply glued to the surface.
Forma Bowl
Russian manufacturers of composite pools are people who are not devoid of humor. Yves a joke (and in every joke, as you know, there is a share of truth) divide the data of the product into the following groups: licensed, pirate, modernized, Novodel and Samopal. This almost humorous classification contains tips on choosing a pool bowl (maybe in a slightly hidden form).
Licensed - Transferred by the Foreign Manufacturer of the Domestic Plant along with technology and licensed production. Such products are characterized by functionality, a harmonious appearance, it gives the largest warranty period (10-50 years).
Pirate - Such, the shape of which is unhappingly borrow from foreign or domestic producers. They are inherent not so much grace, how much the stripping of the outlines and elements of the bowl. Avot The quality of these pools is often very mediocre - copy them without observing the subtleties of technology. There are no guarantees either about them modestly silent.
Modernized - Improved pirate copies of serial pools of foreign manufacturers. They are characterized by general external similarity with the prototype, but differ in some nonesthetics of forms and violation of proportions. The quality of products is pirated.
Novodel - Development of local masters. Have a simple configuration and modest sizes.
Samopal - Bowls that exist only in pictures. They are started to manufacture only after the prepayment: it turns out well; It will not work, we will try to return the money (the last promise may not fulfill). In general, the cat is in the bag in all respects.
Photo V. Kovalev | 
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"Water World Aqua" | 
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12. Bowl of the pool bowl can be decorated with spectacular mosaic.
13. One of the latest new products with a 3D effect: they are created by combining painted and transparent layers and sparkling particles.
14-15. Possing a cup of self-esteem 3D effect led to uneven distribution of particles, as a result of which the bowl looks as if it was stained with something.
The manufacturer and production technology can be judged by the form of a bowl. The operating manufacturer of the pool wall is never vertical and even there are no horizontal built-in flaps, which at a certain height stretch parallel to the upper edge of the bowl and resemble the non-maritime steps. Bowls. These elements play the role of horizontal rigid ribs.
Moreover, the wall thickness of a good composite pool is the value of the variable: in some places it is greater (the so-called hidden stiffeners), in others, less, which allows the "Play" cup under the action of external loads. The most subtle place is bowl (this is noticeable even to the touch), since it should under the action of the mass of water to fit tightly to the gravel pillow located under the pool.
We use other techniques with the workloads with loads. Some make their pools oval or semicircular. A results of the product normally perceive the water pressure filling the pool, or soil during its seasonal plasters. Others, producing a bowl of rectangular shape, are necessarily created on their outer surface distinctly noticeable horizontal and vertical ribs. At the same time, between the layers of the composite, they often hide powerful metal or glass-component mortgage elements.
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"Water World Aqua" | 
Photo V. Kovalev |
"Water World Aqua" | 
"Water World Aqua" | 
"Water World Aqua" |
16. The composite pool is delivered to a plot in the finished form. Preparation of the pit, installation of the pool, the installation of the strapping, the concreting site around the bowl will take 2nd.
17.Composite Bowl. It will not work to swim here, but to plunge into the cold water after the bath - you can.
18-21. The climate in Russia is far from African, and not even California, so the bowl of the composite pool installed on the street should be covered using a tension (18) or "trading" (19) film coating. Asseta is better to build folding over it (20.21) or stationary "house".
What else to know?
The first thing to find out is how wide the model range of the company you like. It will help to understand her place in the hierarchy of the manufacturers of pools. If you are offered a couple of "best and sought-after" models, you should think about it. Most likely, they are brought from abroad, which means that there may be problems with repair in the future (a specialist will come to you from abroad). Another business producers, ready to present a decent model range in different colors. In addition, pay attention to how one or another company is present on the Russian market.
The composite pool warranty is also very important. After all, 20, and 50, and even 100 years old can be specified in the warranty coupon. Therefore, when you seduce with huge warranties, make sure that they are confirmed legally and the manufacturer is really ready to be responsible for the state of your pool throughout the warranty period. Such obligations with long warranty periods are able to take over only very large manufacturers.
The editors thanks the firm "Water World Aqua" and Euro-Pool for help in preparing the material.