Heating of several rooms with a solid fuel fireplace: features of the operation of air and water fireplace heating systems
A wooded focus needs fuel to store which is logical somewhere nearby. Clean the fireplace conveniently using a special tool
With the help of some models of modern fireplaces with a closed firebox, you can warm up several rooms with a total area of up to 250m2
In the closed firebox, firewood roasted not as fast as in the open. One bookmark of well-dried birch lanes is enough for 5-9 hours of the fireplace. That is, load fuel to the fireplace firebox you will have no more often 3-4 times a day.
Chemines Seguin DUTERIEZEPLAND RADIATION The fireplace warms only the fireplace hall
Firecase with convection chamber, air supply fan and air ducts
Air tract elements for fireplace air heating with forced convection
The furnace (fireplace boiler) for water heating system is covered with heat-insulating material to reduce heat heat loss
In the fireplaces with a water shirt, the heatpace outside "washes" is not indoor air, and the heat carrier of the heating system
WK 3 fireplace boiler
Fireplaces with water heat exchanger - an excellent solution for heating two or three rooms. Some models can warm up water for DHW
Nowadays, the choice of heating system for a country house is not easy. It is by chance, because the range of technology is huge. One of the most popular, but nevertheless, very interesting ways of heating such a dwelling is to use a fireplace as a source of heat simultaneously for two or more rooms.
Immediately mention: the fireplace heating today is not the most efficient and convenient in operation. A properly designed water heating system based on a gas boiler is more economical and easy to maintain. Therefore, the owners of most country houses use fireplaces as a reserve source of heat. However, for the giving, where gas is not supplied, and in the cold time the hosts are visiting on holidays and only occasionally - on weekends, such a system is suitable as the main heating of all rooms. Surrome evening, you can quickly increase the temperature in the house and maintain it at such a level for quite a while.
Is it worth the game of the candle?
The system of fireplace heating of several rooms is built on the basis of fireplaces with a closed flue space. Now they are popular all over the world, especially in Western Europe. Most often, such furnaces are made in the form of embedded cassettes (from cast iron or steel). They are equipped with a quartz glass door, withstanding the heating to 800 C. In addition, the range of suitable faces is a wide range of furnaces. With a closed door, you can adjust the stream of air entering into the furnace, changing the intensity of the fuel combustion (therefore one portion of firewood is enough for a weighty night). The efficiency of such fireplaces is 75-91%, they are relatively fireproof (the "shooting" coals are not flying to the room).
Fireplaces in the mirror of numbers
To deliver heat from the furnace to different rooms, systems are used two types of air and water. For the case of the room, the room is obtained in the form of hot air streams - their air heating occurs. In the second, the heat carrier is heated in the furnace, then the radiators installed in the rooms are heated. The maximum area of all rooms that can be heated with one fireplace is 170-250m2. Alas, the maximum power of the furnace is not limitless - it is usually equal to 24-30 kW.
In short, we will stop on the peculiarities of air and water fireplace heating systems that are used for heating several rooms.
Attention, air!
Airborne heating systems are known in Russia better than water. Their work of their work is all air, filling heated rooms, is repeatedly illuminated near the heated approximately up to 300 with a closed fireplace firebox, resulting in heats up. The fireplace of the fireplace is placed in the convection chamber (it is called a warm air distributor or a casing) - the gap remains between them, through which the heated air is moving. On the side, rear and upper parts of the furnace there are numerous protrusions that increase the area of heat exchange with flowing air. It is better to purchase the furnace together with the convection chamber (in the form of a fully equipped product manufacturer). But sometimes it is more profitable to buy firewood and casing from the supplier of fireplaces. If a convection chamber of the factory manufacture is not provided for the furnace, the fireplace framing itself can perform in its role, in the niche of which the furnace is installed. The chimney is covered with a casing of thermally insulated drywall. The appearance between the furnace and niche air falls through the hole under and above the furnace.
The use of air fireplace heating with natural convection Cold air enters the lower part of the space between the furnace and the convection chamber from the room where the fireplace is located. Lifting up, it heats up. One part of the warm air is directed to the fireplace room, and the other two-four-four-fold air ducts goes to the neighboring or above-mentioned room.
Convection system is independent of electricity, silent. For the wiring of warm air through rooms, the ducts of a large cross section are needed to reduce aerodynamic resistance. They must be made of non-combustible materials (for example, from galvanized steel with a thickness of 0.5-1mm). The protection of fire-resistant isolation of the passage of channels near the combustible structural elements of the building is obligatory. This method of heating allows you to heat up to two or four rooms, but in general the efficiency of the system depends on the planning of the house. The length of the air ducts from the fireplace to the rooms should be no more than 2-3m, unwanted bends and narrowings, are unacceptable P- and U-shaped sections. It is impossible to pump out the premises below than the fireplace or far from it. The warm air in the room is removed through metal grids, which in rooms located on the same floor with a fireplace are placed under the ceiling, and on the upper floors, at an altitude of 20-50cm from the floor. You can equip the fireplace heating system with natural convection on the basis of any closed firebox, such as Chemines Seguin Duteriez, Chemines Godin, IGC Franc Rene Brisach (all-France), Piazzetta (Italy) IDR. The cost of air ducts (materials and work) - 15-50% of the price of the furnace, which is 15-170 thousand rubles.
There are systems with forced convection. The air is suited to the space between the furnace and the convection chamber and is injected into heated rooms with one or more channel fans. Heat is transported to a distance of up to 10m (including indoor flooring below). It is permissible to use air ducts of a small diameter, including flexible heat insulated ventilation. Systems provide uniformity of heating, filtered and moisturized heated air. There are no problems with the laying of air ducts that can lead to places of outlet of warm air even in the underground space. Among the disadvantages, first of all it is necessary to note the noise of fans (from 35DB) and a higher price (one fan costs 3-15 thousand rubles).
Optimal systems for heating rooms in a seasonal house, which is rare in winter. The main thing is that there are no electricity interruptions. It is impossible to use a system with forced convection, if there is no electricity: can fail the fans.
If there is no place for the fan on the furnace or convection chamber, it is installed in the attic. In the upper part of the convection chamber, it "is associated" with a thermal insulated air duct. From the fan in each sheard room there is an individual channel for supplying warm air. The attic also has a filter box for cleaning heated air and sometimes humidifier to increase its relative humidity. The fan speed control unit is placed in the fireplace hall on the wall.
Special centrifugal fans with a capacity of 300-600m3 / h with one connecting nozzle at the inlet and two or more, flexible heat-insulated ducts, wall-mounted air ducts, according to styles corresponding to the furnace or fireplace furnace, supply almost all manufacturers of solid fuel fireplaces. This number, for example, Supra (France), Chemines Seguin Duteriez, Cheminees Godin Idre. It is worth noting the company Darco (Poland), which specializes in components for the distribution systems of the fireplace heat.
Extracting furnaces Installing the fan is provided as an option (it is purchased separately). For example, any firming of Piazzetta is designed so that under it you can install a special console for the forced air supply of Multifuoco. The performance of its fan is 300m3 / h. The system operation is controlled using the remote control, which includes the fan, changes the frequency of rotation.
In cases where it is necessary to reduce the number of installation operations in the organization of air fireplace heating, it is convenient for the installation of a monoblock fire with a convection chamber and a built-in fan-one or more. Thus, ECOSTAR fireplaces (edilkamin, Italy) are equipped with two fans, it increases the reliability of the system. Heated air is supplied through air ducts made of aluminum pipes. The fans are controlled using a three-position switch, selecting the mode of slow work, quick work or wait. To protect against overheating, the fireplace is equipped with a sensor: when the temperature reaches 50 s, it automatically activates the fans at a slow speed and also automatically turn off when the temperature drops below 50 C.
Hot swift
Water systems of fireplace heating remain a novelty for Russian consumers, since models of fireplaces suitable for their creation are still quite a bit. Such systems make it possible to effectively damage remote parts of the building and accumulate heat combusting fuel, heating the coolant (antifreeze in homes for temporary accommodation). Such installations can operate both independently and in conjunction with gas, oil and electric boilers, serve to heal water in the GWS IDR system.
Gravitational (non-visible) Fireplace heating systems are built on the basis of closed fireplace furnaces with built-in heat exchangers (the so-called fireplaces with a water jacket) and water radiators with low hydraulic resistance. In use the ability of water to change its density at different temperatures (due to which the circulation of the coolant occurs). The advantages of such a system - simplicity of device and operation; independence from the supply of electrical energy; lack of circulation pumps, noise and vibration; Durability (with proper operation, the system can function for 15-20 years and more without overhaul). Among the shortcomings, the reduced radius of action (up to 20m horizontally), due to low circulation pressure; solid pipe diameter for coolant; The inability to damn the floors below the fireplace hall. Such a system heats the coolant for 20-30 minutes, and it cools it too quickly (depending on the heat capacity of the house). Therefore, it is better to use high heat capacity heating devices in the system, such as pig-iron radiators. Codecase Fire can be connected from 2-3 to 15 radiators.
A fireplace with a water jacket is, for example, 851 CH (Chemines Godin), working on firewood and ideally suitable for use as a heat generator in heating gravitational systems, costs 120-140 thousand rubles. Inexpensive models (price and about 40 thousand rubles) are produced in Poland and Ukraine.
The cost of wood fireplaces with a built-in heat exchanger for gravitational heating systems is 17-130 thousand rubles. Their power does not exceed 14-15 kW, with its most transmitted through the water heating system, and the smaller goes to heating the air, "washing" hot surfaces of the furnace. Enbra (Czech Republic) offers Olymp and AFRODITA fireplaces with built-in heat exchangers with a maximum power of 4-6 kW. Very interesting in terms of design and Ecoidro model (edilkamin).
Camic heating systems with coercive coolant circulation are also used. Their disadvantage is dependent on the presence in the house of electricity, which is necessary for the operation of the circulation pump. But precisely thanks to the pump, the coolant is delivered to any parts of the building, including the lower floors. The system will quickly raise the temperature in the rooms to comfortable values and will support it at this level. When installing radiators, you can do the pipes of small diameter (10-15mm), use the collector wiring of pipes by the premises, apply any heating devices, including with high hydraulic resistance. AESLI Fireplace is equipped with a plate heat exchanger, the house can be provided not only with heat, but also hot water at two points of water resistance (for example, in the bathroom and kitchen).
If you plan to heat the fireplace firewood, it is most convenient to purchase a fireplace insert or furnace-fireplace that the manufacturer fully staffed everything that is required to organize water supply to radiators (pump, expansion tank required by automatic IT.), for example, one of Fireplace Fixes Jolly-Mec (Italy). But you can purchase components for the system and separately.
Pellet fireplaces used as a heat generator for the heating water system are usually equipped with everything necessary for connecting to radiators. To create a water fireplace heating system in Pellet, an Ecologica IDRO oven (ATMOS, Czech Republic), equipped with a water heat exchanger with a capacity of 8.5 kW. It is equipped with an expansion tank of 12l and circulating pump; There is also a remote control that allows you to adjust the power and temperature in the room, without getting out of your favorite chair. The price is about 150 thousand rubles. Similar equipment - TERMA WATER SFT pellet fireplaces (FACI, Italy) with a capacity of 18-28 kW, the cost of which fluctuates within 200-207 thousand rubles. Model Hidrocopper (EcoForest, Spain) with a capacity of 5-18 kW costs 140 thousand rubles. Among those embedded in the fireplace fraction of pellet fireplaces, ready to connect to the water heating system, it should be noted the highly efficient models of Serenissima (Italy) in about 240 thousand rubles. In addition to pellet fireplaces with a water heat exchanger, you can purchase a device with built-in centrifugal fans for air heating.