Interior porcelain stoneware: Evolution of material, modern directions of ceramic fashion, manufacturers, 10 wall facing options.
On the street, it is best to put a porcelain stoneware stoneware or with a special surface having a pronounced relief. It will help reduce the likelihood of fall and trauma
Rude, rough surface of a porcelain stoneware is artificially aged
Alternation within any composition of different format tiles from one collection makes it possible to create unexpected and interesting graphic images. Square and rectangular ceramic granite tiles, as well as elements that imitate the mosaic, not only revive the space, but also help visually closer or remove the wall plane
This material appeared about 30 years ago and immediately conquered ceramics lovers with its exceptional wear resistance, fantastically low water absorption, resistance to frost. It is universal as a cladding: suitable for facades and interiors, walls and floors, as well as courtyards and sidewalks. According to the variety of textures and color solutions, the porcelain stoneware is not inferior to ceramic tiles and natural stone.
It took some time that porcelain tolls firmly and unpacitably reigning as an outdoor coating in the trading halls and offices. He "won" the outer walls of buildings, performing as a beautiful durable cladding of ventilated facades. Original design collections are widely used to finish private interiors and exteriors. Despite the triumphal march of porcelain stoneware in the expanses of Russia, many of us still very foggy represent the main differences between this material from ceramic tiles or clinker. Screw the conversation about him to start with the Azov.
So, ceramic materials are molded by two methods: pressing and extrusion. The set of the latter receive clinker, and by pressing the ceramic tiles and porcelain stoneware. In addition, ceramics products differ in the degree of water absorption. Hydly facing tiles This indicator is more than 10%, at a single firing tiles (monocotture) - 2-7%, and in ceramic granite, only 0.05-0.5%, which is even less than any natural stone.
How do the material with such low water absorption? First mix in certain proportions several grades of clay rich in kaolinet, quartz sand, field spat and pigments (usually based on metal oxides: manganese, iron, chromium, cobalt). The mixture is crushed, placed in forms, and then pressed under a very high pressure - 50 mp, that is, on the tile of size, for example, 3030cm in the manufacture of 450 tons! Naturally, it almost does not remain pores and emptiness, which in fairly large quantities are present in conventional ceramic tiles. The final stage of the root at a temperature of 1200-1300С: During this process, the raw materials sinning, turning into a monolith. (To obtain the glazed tile onto its surface, glaze is applied in front of the firing.) It is born a porcelain stoneware - one of the most wear-resistant finishing materials, superior to the hardness of natural granite.
Not scary neither knowing nor cold
Close to zero water absorption of ceramic granite provides him with high frost resistance. The use of material has no restrictions on the temperature range. It resistantly tolerate any atmospheric cataclysms outside the house, does not lose its qualities in extreme zones inside buildings: on fireplace portals, warm floors, in pools and baths. However, the durability of the facing largely depends on the correct selection of the adhesive mixture, it must be with a large number of plasticizers, for the street, heat-resistant - for fireplaces, moisture-resistant, for wet rooms. Avoid those who posted this material the first floor floors over the unheated basement, during the cold season it is not worth walking there with barefoot: the porcelain stoneware is good thermal conductivity, which means that the temperature of the floor will be the same as the ties under it.
MARCA CORONA Street Standing Options
Ceramic granite of racks to the effects of chemicals: organic solvents, strong acids and alkalis. He is not afraid of an inadvertently spilled acetic essence, alcohol, butter or, say, a variety of aggressive fluids, in abundance stored on garages and basements. Now, the heavy iron canister falling from the shelf can damage the facing. The flexural strength in ceramic granite tiles is quite high. But for laying in the garage or other rooms with a significant load on the floor, you should choose the plates of greater thickness and smaller, so that the bending shoulder is minimal.
The basis of the material is natural ingredients, it is annoying myths about its environmental hazard and radioactivity (while natural stones can have a slight radioactive background). Porcelain stoneware bacteriostatic. In case of fire, it does not emit smoke and toxic substances.
A- natural;
Bashed;
v- relief;
G-under a stone
The same ceramic granite is popularly due to its high resistance to abrasive loads. Forward, this refers to the material with a homogeneous structure over the entire depth of the tile. With wear, it does not change the appearance, and it is tested on the surface hardness, like a natural stone - according to the mineralogical scale of MOOS hardness. Note that according to this indicator, porcelain stoneware surpasses quartz, grenades, tourmaline. Moreover, for the unlawed and glazed material, the indicators will differ. The surface strength of the porcelain is to some extent depends on the type of surface treatment. We will tell you more about it.
Gloss and mat: unity or confrontation?
Opinion of a specialist
When facing the facades of buildings, strokes and stairs, glue compositions are used, resistant to significant temperature differences. It is easy to make the right choice if you enjoy the recommendations of manufacturers of tile adhesives and carefully read annotations on packages. You should not try to independently determine the scope of this or that product is the prerogative of the manufacturer.
Andrei Bryzkachev,
Lead Technology Technical Department of Henkel
The technology of manufacturing glazed (smalted) porcelain stoneware is distinguished by the fact that in front of the firing on the tiles they apply a layer with a coating transparent or color glaze. The glazed tiles, which are polished after exiting the oven, acquire an extraordinarily spectacular, almost mirror glitter, however, when they get water in slippery. Not so slippery is a ceramic stoneware treated with wax, or satin. It also has a very attractive soft glitter, due to the fact that in front of the firing its surface is covered with a layer of transparent mineral salts. However, the technology of ungrateful technologies is understood in the intricacies. This is complicated by the fact that many manufacturers use different terms to explain the same technological techniques. As for some differences in the surface strength of porcelain stoneware with the above surface treatment types, then this factor is important to consider when choosing a material for areas with extremely high patency, such as shopping centers, airports IT.P. Private interiors, this difference is absolutely not tangible. Here is the main criterion - the aesthetic value of the cladding.
Recall how it all began ...
Today, the potential buyer is not enough such quality porcelain stoneware such as high practicality and durability. He wishes to have a beautiful, elegant material, and sometimes deliberately emphasizing the wealth of the owner of the house. Manufacturers, responding to these requirements, develop original technologies and endure the audience the most incredible and intricate designs. The Russian market presents products of a huge number of companies, including: Estima, Italon (both- Russia), Steuler (Germany), Atlas Concorde, Casalgrande Padana, Cerdomus, Coem, Edilcuoghi, Ergon, Gambarelli, Impronta Italgraniti, Iris Ceramica, Marca Corona, Petracers, Saicis, Settecento (All Italy), Seramica Gomez, Garogres, Keramia, Peronda, Vives, Apavisa (all-Spain), Cimic, Hitom Ceramics, VENEZIA (all-China), Cersanit, Nova Gala ( Poland), Bohemiagres (Czech Republic), Kalebodur, Seranit (Obone), Kerko (Slovakia). The price range is quite wide: from 225 to 3 thousand rubles. For 1m2. Let's try to figure out the modern directions of ceramic fashion.
Main trends
Seamless styling
Daring desire to level the inherent in traditional laying division into squares, achieve the effect of the monolithic surface is now possible to be implemented with the help of retreed tiles. Perfectly smooth edges and a single size are obtained after cutting the side edges. Such tiles, including different formats, are placed almost without seams or at a minimum distance: 0.5-2mm. The retreed porcelain stoneware appeared yesterday, but to this day it remains a sales leader.
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Transition to walls
Some time ago, a wall ceramic tile should be selected to the collections of outdoor porcelain stoneware. Today, it is not difficult to withstand the single style of decoration of the premises. Porcelain tiles boldly masters the vertical surfaces of the interiors. The combination of tiles from one collection, but several formats, square or rectangular, different lengths and width, allows you to move away from standard solutions and get a striking result. Apoto is another progressive tendency of a series of porcelain stoneware, including both floor and wall tiles.
Giant formats
Cerambist plates are quite diverse in size: from the smallest (55, 88, 1010cm) to more popular averages (15 15, 2020, 3030, 4040, 6060 cm). In addition to square elements, rectangular (3015, 4530/60, 60 40, 10050, 12060 cm) are widely reprected. Small tiles are very convenient to separate the windowsills, countertops, shelves. When lining large planes, designers and artists continue to prefer large-format elements, both square and rectangular. The thickness of the ceramic stoves varies within 7-20mm (plates of 9-14mm are most in demand).
Text ornaments
It turned out that the term "master of the word" can be applied not only to great writers. Slightly hand artists-designers Latin words are wooping on the surface of the porcelain book in the original rhythmic patterns. Graphically clear pattern, occupying a large plane, creates a single background. One who literally follows this actual direction, probably charming the magic of words.
Mosaic carpets
Hydroabrasive cutting (Water Jet), or cutting by carbide materials, noticeably simplifies the process of creating a variety of mosaic patterns from porcelain. Traditional are performed from small fragments of the material (Tester) collected in mosaic modules, and fixed on a special grid for the convenience of laying. Pseudo-making from tiles with propylene deep grooves, which are subsequently filled with grouting for seams. But, perhaps, mosaic carpets with elements of unusual curvilinear forms attractively look at this very new and attractively. Fancy ornaments collected from small pieces of ceramic granite of contrasting colors provide a truly hypnotic effect.
Glitter and gilding
Agree, in the most magnificent interiors with expensive furniture, with elegant drape ornaments, democratic laminate, linoleum and even traditional parquet "deck" will be appropriate. Presentable style will support shine and throwing gilt. Hit season-polished to the mirroring of a porcelain stoneware, the fabulous beauty of which, without a doubt, personifies the respectability of the owners.
Metallization
Porcelain stoneware with a metal tile, tiles, as if eating rust or riveted with rivets, noble patina, places appearing through ceramics ... Difficult collections "Metallic" themes have been occupied by the leading positions in the "hits" ratings, and interest in It is increasing him. It is probably due to the fact that only in the last collections it was possible to solve some problems of contact of metal impurities with water and detergent. As a matter of Russians, among Russians, the number of brutal surfaces in the interior is growing? Such tiles, as a rule, have a large format, to enhance similarity with real iron sheets.
Successful imitation
Ceramic granite still successfully imitates various materials: wood, fabrics, skin, but first of all, natural stone. Moreover, the new current exotic is especially relevant. In this case, the exclusive blue granite from Brazilian deposits worth not less than 12.5 thousand rubles. For 1m2, it is possible to replace lighter and durable visual analogue of porcelain stoneware, which is also 10 times cheaper. Collections of "stone" ceramics, each tile of which has its own unique design, with striking accuracy and in the smallest detail passing drawings of rare varieties of marble, granite, travertine, onyx, quartzite. The line between ceramics and natural stone becomes practically indistinguishable.
Focus on details
Monotonous cladding of walls and gender in minimalist interiors is increasingly enlivened by bright details: original inserts, borders with ornamental and geometric patterns; stucco bas-reliefs, towering above the base of the tile; Decorative inserts from ceramics and glass; Compositions resembling herbarium ... Many collections of porcelain stoneware are equipped with whole series of decorative elements that differ in color and texture. Naturally, they are more expensive than background tiles, but help in creating more interesting spaces.
Floristic motifs
Flower ornaments and panels in the collections of ceramic tiles can no longer surprise anyone. But ceramic granite with elegant byading multicolor vegetable patterns, realistic or fantasy, is a complete surprise. For the magic ease and harmony, the amazing practicality and durability of the material are hidden. Thanks to this topical topic of decors, each of us can fill their home with natural natural beauty and keep it for many years.
Inped notice that ceramic granite serves simultaneously and protective coating and decoration, determines the "face" of the interior, helps to achieve the desired aesthetic effect. Whether to follow the trendy trends when choosing this material or rely on their own taste is purely individual.
The editors thanks the company "Bars. Architecture and design »," Ceramics "," Craram Holding "," Turbos ", Estima Ceramica, Henkel, Italon, Studio-Line, Spanish Embassy Trade and Economic Department for help in preparing the material.