Wiring accessories: Price categories, resistance to adverse atmospheric influences, functional models.
Coy. The base is the heat-resistant electrical
Cheek plastic
The cozy light in the bedroom provides not only lamps, but also electric
Surrent products
Extra products produces avway
Modern kitchen requires fit electricity control systems
Kitchen sockets and switches often have to be installed in the most unfavorable places, for example above the slab, where elevated temperature and humidity, the likelihood of splashes. Pay special attention to their index IP
In a single style with electrical and television, and audio sockets, and the lock control buttons
It is especially important to make sure the safety of EUI installed in the children's
a, only the phase conductor is switched;
A neutral is connected to the switch, so there is a chance of a short circuit; L- phase, N - neutral ("working zero")
Sockets and switches are in any apartment. Usually the owners choose them, guided by aesthetic attractiveness. Of course, well, if they successfully fit into the selected interior stylist, but the functionality is still much important, because it depends not only to the comfort of living, but also the fire safety of the dwellings and the personal security of its inhabitants.
Electric installation (EUI) is in every home. This is not only a variety of outlets and switches. Many of us use dimmers (light models), all sorts of sensors, thermostators, adapters, buzzers and other new-fashioned devices and devices.
Amquate
Now in the Eui market there are many proposals that allow our home comfortable, safer and smarter, - several dozen companies produce products designed for buyers with different sufficiency. In terms of cost, their products can be attributed to the three price groups. The first price of the simplest socket or switch does not exceed 75 rubles. These are products of manufacturers such as DKS, DEC, IEK (IEK), Kuntsevo-Electro, "Universal", "Electrical Engineering" Vos, Gusi Electric, Wessen (All- Russia), Alfa-Elektrik (Turkey), Anam, Shin DONG-A (BOY), EL-BI, Makel, Viko (all-Turkey), Kontakt (Poland), Vilma (Lithuania). Typically issued by them series contains 20-30 items.
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Do not worry about the number of commutations of sockets and switches - your age is enough. IT IS IMPLEMENTED FIGHT AND APPROACHED NEW, more functional devices will make me replace
In the second price group, a color switch or a single rosette with a ground is cost to 75-250 rubles. (more complex products, of course, are more expensive). Foreign Products of foreign companies ABB (Busch Jaeger), Berker, Kopp, Polo, Siemens (All Germany), Legrand, SchneiderElectric (Merlin Gerin), BTICINO, GEWISS, VIMAR (All Italy), Simon ( Spain), Clipsal (Australia), EFAPEL (Portugal), Prodax (Hungary), Ensto (Finland), Metalka Majur (Serbia). Many companies from this list, without limiting the production of only this group, produce both budgetary and expensive series.
The BJC, Fontini (Oba), Gira, Jung, Merten (all Germany), MK Electric (United Kingdom), are included in the group. Lovers of beautiful can decorate the dwellings with real works of art, paying 1000-1750 rubles. For a socket or switch. So, Fontini offers Eiu in retro style. Their decorative elements are made of expensive wood breeds, and the corps are made of porcelain decorated with painting.
Unfamiliar acquaintances
We have already become accustomed to rosettes with three contacts (L, N and PE, respectively, "phase", "working zero" and "protective earth") and with Paphos, we call them by Eurorespets, although there is no reason to introduce such a term. Own the country has its own traditions, and in the UK and France, for example, wiring accessories are different than in Germany. But it so happened that Russia went to the German standard. It is only she: His "Area" covers almost all of Europe and a lot of Asia and Africa. In this case, the electrical appliances are supplied with appropriate forks, with two pins with a diameter of 4.8 mm (that is, thicker than in the domestic old design) and two flat protective contacts on the sides (there are "defenseless" options). There are found in our country and universal forks suitable including for French sockets with a protruding ground pin.By the way, about the fork: Often she "sits" so tightly that it is difficult to extract. Easy this task ejector: sockets with such a mechanism are released by PRODAX (167 rub.) And ABB (276rub.).
Electric appliances of low power consuming no more than 2,5A, equipped with eurvives (this term really exists) - two-pole, with pins with a diameter of 4mm. As before, in the course of us and the "Soviet" forks, but it is undesirable to use them with a high strength of the current, as they do not provide high-quality contact.
It would seem that you can still improve in the field of EUI? Nevertheless, new items are regularly appearing on the market, characterized by an original design and improved design. Diverse and materials from which they are manufactured. This is a different kind of plastic species, in particular shockproof and fireproof polycarbonate (serves for enclosures). Some manufacturers use ABS plastic, even more resistant to shock and thermal loads: products are obtained smooth and shiny and look very attractive. Other firms (for example, ABB, BJC) use Duroplast having increased mechanical strength. Its surface is almost impossible to scratch, and it does not age - always looks like new. In an effort to attract buyers, many manufacturers perform decorative elements from non-traditional materials: metal, glass, porcelain, wood, stone, leather.
We will dissolve not only electricity, but also other resources (TV and audio signal, telephone), connect several computers to the local network. Eating a series of wiring products There are outlets designed for this. As a rule, in one "landing place" - the installation can be placed on one electrical outlet (communications - two). If this is not enough, you can use, say, makel models (100 rubles) or Vimar (170 rub.), Which have two sockets.
It should be noted that EUIs for hidden installation are usually constructed by a modular principle by combining one-five-five positions under one decoring frame. The vasserine of each company is a set of combinations of mechanisms and frames. But replacing the mechanisms, leaving a frame, or vice versa (for example, when updating the interior), it is possible only within the same series, steadily using a different series of one manufacturer.
Usually, a complete change of brand or a series occurs without any problems. The installation products of most firms are interchangeable. Just need to keep in mind that Korean products comply with another standard. And some English requires not round mounting boxes, and square or rectangular. It is also necessary to make sure that those connected in a row boxes are the same installation step as the nest of the decorative frame.
Security gram
In new houses in the network and sockets there is a third wire, saving people from electric shock: if the electrical appliance is faulty and the voltage falls on the body, the current will simply go to the ground. However, there are many buildings with a two-wire network and old sockets. Replacing the eiu modern, we will not get any benefit from grounding contact: the wire is not supplied for it, but to connect it with a zero terminal (neutral) is strictly prohibited. Trying to arrange a "three-wing" only in its apartment, too, it is also impossible, it is necessary to change the power supply scheme of the whole house.
Nevertheless, it is worth installing new Euro devices. First, it allows you to solve the problem of compatibility with thick pins of the forks of modern techniques. Secondly, new Eui look more attractive. Yves-third, their range is so extensive that it is easy to choose a socket with the required functional features, made in a single style with the rest.
Again people from lesion to the current will help the UZO (protective disconnection device). It works not only in three-, but also in the two-wire scheme. His legitimate place-distribution flap of the apartment. If the implementation of such a circuitry solution is problematic, another option is possible with a built-in UzO (as in LEGRAND, GIRA, MERTEN-3-8 thousand models) or a diphthatomatom (this device combines the functions of the Uzo and the circuit breaker responding to greater power. Current). Favtomati produces, for example, Vimar (8400 rub.). Alternative fork with built-in Uzo ("Astro-Uzo", 600 rub.). Unbend manufacturers (such as MERTEN) have outlets with built-in protection against impulse overvoltage arising over the network, in particular from lightning strikes.
When warm too much
EUI sold on the territory of our country, with a rare exception, correspond to GOST R 51321.1-99 and GOST R 51324.1-99, which require, in particular, that the product base is not flammable at high temperatures (850 s). Aelay increase (and not always to such values) is quite likely for various reasons.The first is the exceeding the rated current on which the product is calculated. The second is the wrong choice of material from which contacts are made. If, due to the spark that occurs when the circuit is broken, the oxide film is easily formed on their surface, then the increase in electrical resistance leads to warming up.
Resperating manufacturers (and not only such world-famous, as BJC, but also domestic, in particular IEK and Wessen) supply contacts in the switches of silver attacks, which undoubtedly affects the cost of products. We are copper with special coating. The optimal material for the contact group in the rosettes is phosphorous bronze. Introduced products are used brass, however, it is not enough to elaborate, so that after several thousand inclusions, hold the plots (not only fat "European", but also thin "Soviet"). The steel contact plates are found (often disguised as yellow brass coating), which is completely unacceptable.
Finally, the third reason for heating the product - the weakening of the screw clamps in the contact group. If, reading these lines, you are unsuccessful trying to remember when the last time pulled the screws in sockets and switches, - set aside the magazine and take a screwdriver. Do not tempt fate- as soon as possible, follow the procedure called. Just do not forget to pre-turn off the power supply.
Pay attention to the dispensing boxes (contrary to the title of the connection in them are not soldered, and the screws or are conventional twists, which is much worse). Often they are attached and stuck with wallpaper, which cannot be done because the screw connections need periodic maintenance. This problem disappears when using spring terminals (ABB, Berker, BJC, EFAPEL, Gira, Jung, Legrand, Merten, Polo, Schneider Electric, Siemens). The wire is simply inserted into the hole where it is pressed to the metal bus. Refrigerated installation is excluded, moreover, such devices do not require maintenance.
Alphabet numbers
The resistance of the EUE to adversely atmospheric influences is characterized by an IP index with two subsequent numbers. The first (from 0 to 6) means the degree of protection against solid bodies (in particular, dust particles); The second (from 0 to 8) is from water penetration.
Room outlets and switches usually correspond to IP 20. For outdoor installation, IP 55 protection is required, excluding the penetration of dust and water jets at any angle. Kizgoldy, installed in the bathrooms, make special requirements. They are recommended to be placed not closer to 60cm from baths, shower and shells, and only models with IPX4 protection connected through a separation transformer.
Analy than 2,4 m and is more allowed to mount any electrical appliances with an index of at least IPX1. Note: If there is no marking, most likely such a device meets the level of protection IPX1 or IPX2 (which is usually not indicated), even if it has some kind of protective cover.
Manual control panels
According to the principle of operation, switches are rejected (with swinging mechanism), push, swivel, with lamp brightness adjustment, automatically igniting light when a person appears in the room, radio-controlled IDR. The most common overhead, with two fixed provisions. Consumers prefer devices with one large key or two-three-block.Many manufacturers produce models with an indicator (they are equipped with a small neon light bulb confirming that the chain is closed) or backlight (the decorative light source is lit when the chain is open; during the day it is almost invisible, but at night it is not well noticeable in the dark).
Purpose switches are buttons similar to those who often "equip" table lamps and door calls. There is only one difference: the lamps intended for lamps work on the principle "pressed-turned on, pressed, turned off", and for calls, closed the line, only as long as we "give" them. AVA offers the Impuls series model (830 rub.), Equipped with a large round button with a luminous rim. Often, samples of this type, made in a single style with the rest of the series, are not different from the keyboard.
Swivel switches are suitable for fashion lovers of the 50s. Xx in. If the interior of the house is decorated in retro style, it will perfectly fit into it, for example, Fontini's graceful products made from non-traditional materials (stone, porcelain).
A peculiar "hello from the past" - the switches with the rope came to this day. It is worth pulling for her light lights up, shove it all goes out. They are not popular with popularity, although only them (according to GOST R 50571.11-96) allowed to install on the wall next to the bathroom.
There are not only single-pole switches, switching phase conductor, but also two-pole (or for phase and neutral, or for different circuits). Separate attention deserves the passage switch (it is also called the switch).
Soon three terminals, and it works like a railway arrow: We clicked the key to one wire, transferred it to another position. It allows you to organize an independent control of the lamp of two places: for example, you can, while in the hallway, turn on the light in the living room, and walking into the bedroom, turn it off. Often buyers themselves install switches, the benefit of the schemes are simple. However, to collect a chain in which neutral is connected to the installation products (in addition to the phase), it is extremely undesirable - there is a high probability of short circuit in the switch itself. The first cause is a spark that is often formed during the opening of the chain at which the current flows. It develops into an arc, thrown after a moving contact from the phase conductor to zero, is a short circuit.
Hide everything
Agree, any of us prefers that the mechanisms of installation products together with the wires are hidden in the walls. But for beauty you have to pay, cutting the grooves (stages) and round holes for mounting boxes. The latter are usually plastic, for example, from T.Plast (Russia) (price- 5 rubles). There are also rectangular- according to the Korean standard.
The mounting boxes are fixed in a concrete or brick wall with a solution (gypsum, cement-sand) or appropriate glue. It is undesirable to use alabaster, because when drying it increases in the amount, making it difficult to subsequent finishing. Holded houses of the boxes put on the self-tapping screw. Adlay of hollow walls (for example, drywall) need mounting boxes with screws and stops pressed against the plate from the back side (T.PLAST, the price is 7 rubles).
The electrical installations are held in the "glass" due to the spacer foot or screws, and the last method is increasingly distributed. It is in demand and products intended for open wiring - it is presented in the assortment of many firms.
Some manufacturers (for example, Schneider Electric) went to other ways, they design universal products that can be placed in the wall, and in a plastic box on it (for one or more positions). Private case of open wiring - cable channels, in which sockets and switches are most often fixed by simple snaps (DKS, Legrand).
The main rule of the installation is setting the switch into the gap of the phase conductor, and not zero. In contrast, even when the circuit is open, there is a voltage of 220V in the electrical acceptor. For a person, it is a deadly danger if due to damage to the insulation current hits the body.
Another reality
Many are actively using dimmers (including energy-saving lamps), but this is only the first step towards changing the usual appearance of electrical installation products. The choice is quite wide. Prefer not to approach the switch, and at a distance, then it is suitable for IC or radio control. Want to implement automation - put twilight sensors, timers and IR motion sensors. This is not about a "smart home", which most of our fellow citizens continue to consider something fantastic, but about the individual elements that can work independently. Today they are available to millions of people and may well make their daily life more comfortable. But this is the other generation of electrical devices, which appeared quite recently, and we will tell about it in another article.
The editors thanks the representative offices of Gewiss, Legrand, Siemens, Wessen and the company "Spanish House Electrical Engineering", T J Electric for the help in the preparation of the material.