Video Surveillance Systems: Design and Installation Stages. Products of domestic and foreign deals. Market Review.
Safety of this camera - IP66. This means that they are not terrible dust and rain. It has 22-fold optical and 16-fold digital zoom
The CCD CCD camera SCC-B2391P (Samsung) has a threshold of sensitivity in black and white 0.06 LC, and in color- 0.3 Lux
Under the radar, such a "guard" unnoticed will not avoid any attacker. Violator detection range- up to 500m
For many cameras, thermocons are offered as an option
Visual video with audio channel MVK-17 is easy to install instead of an ordinary optical eye
Cameras to DVR are connected by BNC connectors.
Wireless Wi-Fi-CameraDCS-3220G with a resolution of 704480 and bidirectional audio interface
Housing protection worries everyone. But if iron doors and window lattices have long been "folk", then for some reason the video surveillance systems are considered an attribute of luxury. However, it is not.
The operator can view images from all chambers in the form of a mosaic, using a special joystick to control the review zones. Usually, the console has an emergency connection with the service of the protection of the opinion on the elite status of video surveillance systems to be considered an obsolete stereotype, because the simplest such system is not expensive than the iron door mentioned. However, as complicated, the price increases in geometric progression. Indeed, if approaching the issue of equipping an apartment or a country house comprehensively (and only this approach can be considered effective), it turns out that there will be no one camera in the scheme, but, let's say, the video recorder, the control panel and steam are added to them. control monitors.
It is clear that the cost of such equipment as a whole (taking into account the installation) will be very serious. Therefore, not to overpay, it is necessary to carefully develop a plan for equipping a house or apartment with chambers and related cable networks.
The design of all cameras in principle is the same: optical system, photodetector matrix, video amplifier and encoder. But they draw them completely differently, depending on the installation site. Thus, the camera can be closed in a dust and moisture protection case or, on the contrary, be a tiny printed circuit board, on which the peephole of a primitive lens with one lens is barely noticeable (the so-called Pinhole scheme), and this is not all possible "incarnations" of such It would seem like a simple device. The idea of a systematic approach is just as much as a more accurate selection of equipment in accordance with the tasks.
Far looking ...
So, you came to the conclusion that you need video surveillance systems. Where to begin? First of all, proceed from the type of housing and the level of protection required for it. If you live in a city apartment, you will find a hidden camera on a staircase, video call and (or) arbitrary set of room chambers. A vigorous house if the centralized security of the village is not organized, first of all, it is necessary to ensure observation of the gates and the perimeter of the site, and then after the front and black inputs. Camcorder coverage zones can be designated by triangles right on the plan, houses or apartments. This will help to choose optical systems with the parameters necessary to provide the desired viewing angle, and accurately set the place of their attachment.
Dome cameras are both color and black and white; Usually, they are "stitched" several automatic scanning routes.
Take into account everything
When you decide on the number and location of the camcorder, you can proceed to the choice of specific devices. First, you need to think about which cameras are better-hidden or visible for you. Often, the appearance of the camera hanging around somewhere near the visor, is able to confuse the attacker's plans, so even realistic mutages can be detected on the market. The sides, in the entrance, for example, it is unlikely that a large camera on the bracket will be appropriate, but a disguised Pinhole module will work perfectly (cost - from 2 thousand RUB.). Secondly, it is necessary to predict the worst weather and social conditions in which the camcorder has to be worked. Those and others are far from ideal, so we recommend using dust and moisture-proof devices in the anti-vandal version: the minimum permissible degree of protection - IP54 (protection against depository dust and splashing).
The Anti-Vandal Camera MVK-09SKM is suitable for outer operation in severe conditions. Next, it is necessary to estimate the conditions of lighting. Alternatively, the camera with low threshold sensitivity becomes a clear entrance. It is even better if the IR illumination will be built into it - in case of an extreme dimming. However, the regular backlight usually does not "break through" further 2-3m, and it illuminates the observation zone unevenly. Finally, based on the triangles of the coverage caused to the area of the area, it is possible to find either chambers with the corresponding viewing angles, or variants with a variable focal length (zonphocator), allowing you to change the viewing angle in wide limits. Also there are motorized cameras: Some scanned in several automatic modes, the control of others is carried out using a special console with a joystick. Such cameras are kept under observation more space.
Wires ... and not only
We now turn to the conversation about cable facilities. Cables differ in the parameters of the conductor and dielectric, and select them follows from the calculated line length. Without an additional amplifier, the RG59 cable is paved at a distance of up to 250m, Rg6- up to 400m and Rg11- up to 550m. If the amplifier is presence, this distance can be increased several times.
Always, if there is an alternative to wireless communication, it can be any type of Web-camera, transmitting signals via the Internet, or original developments with analog radio channel.
Signal cables are not limited to: any camera requires nutrition. For models with built-in inside the housing, the power supply unit is suitable for the total alternating current network, but there are also low-voltage cameras, their "requests" is ideally corresponding to the network (12V permanent or 24V of AC or DC), resulting in the smart home equipment. It makes sense to provide autonomous meals in case of cutting of wires. It is more convenient to use an uninterrupted battery power supply (UPS) of an increased capacity: if two or three cameras and one video recorder work in the system, enough up to 2 kVA (cost - up to 10 thousand rubles), if the surveillance system is more extensive, get Powerful UPS by 5 kVA (about 50 thousand rubles).
| Video surveillance scheme in the apartment: 1- Analog Camera; 2-rotary wireless webcam; 3- Video recorder; 4 - video conversations; 5- video intercom |
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| The scheme for placing monitoring devices for the input zone of the site: 1 - stationary camcorder; 2- call panel; 3, 4-rotating chambers with zoom; 5- Sector of Rotary Camera Review |
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We write and remember
The next stage design is the decision on the method of processing signals from surveillance cameras. It makes sense to organize a continuous recording, cycling a digital video recorder, designed to translate an analog video signal to a digital form and save on the built-in hard disk. DVR prices begin from 7 thousand rubles. Over the simple model and end at a mark of 150 thousand rubles. For the High End class model. Usually, video recorders support simultaneous recording from four (or more) inputs. In view of the simultaneous entry, many of them are limited by the frequency of footage. So, if the registrar is designed to write with a speed of 50 frames per second, it will be able to record either two flux of 25 frames, or 4 to 12. Also the recording speed will be the lower than the above permission. Record multiple threads with maximum parameters can only be recorded by High End.All registrar's hard drives are designed for a simultaneous recording of up to 1 month, while this value is indicated taking into account the adaptive recording that runs on the signal from an external sensor or on the digital motion detector in the video camera (depends on the design of the DVR).
There are also solutions based on PCs, made in the form of a PCI format card or a module connected via a USB port. There is a large selection of software (software), which is distributed free of charge with this equipment. "Computer" solution is somewhat cheaper and universal than a separate video recorder, but few will agree to constantly leave the computer on, moreover, exploitation and configuration are complicated, since they mean a fairly high level of computer literacy.
Real-time surveillance is carried out with the help of special monitors, however, a video intercomter terminal will look much more aesthetically in an apartment or house, which is also used to control locks (they will cost 2.5 thousand rubles. For an option with a black and white display and 5 thousand . rub. for color option). Bnow can be connected both in the hidden chamber and built into the intercom call panel. If there are several chambers, you can use an uncomplicated analog type signals (minimum cost- 3 thousand rubles).
Observation online
Market geography
All diverse video surveillance devices available on the market can be divided into three groups: domestic, little-known Asian and others. Ktreyim applies among other things and products of large electronics manufacturers (also, by the way, for the most part of Asian). It is curious that these groups are extremely harmoniously coexist and practically do not compete with each other.
The Camera MVK-08 ARD has automatic adjustment of the diaphragm, the camera produced by Baiterg (Russia) is surprisingly combining high reliability and low cost. These "working horses" are all as one are presented in anti-vandal performance and protected from dust and moisture. However, the model range here is in the main chamber for an outdoor installation, and there are several devices for equipment in the entrances and video. Price range - 1.5-10 thousand rubles.
The price of wireless cameras from China is several times lower than the cost of products of well-known manufacturers. But with vandalism, our eastern neighbors seem to be familiar at all, and the video card in such cameras is far from shiny. Many models are sold under alphanumeric abbreviation.
Large brands, such as JVC, Sanyo, Panasonic (all-Japan), Samsung (Korea) are old market players. They produce expensive chambers (from 7 thousand rubles for simple options), but instead they offer high image quality and guaranteed reliability. But the cameras of these manufacturers for harsh operating conditions are not calculated, that is, it is assumed that they will be installed in the premises. However, as an option, special thermocons and anti-vandal "armor" are also offered. However, the price of such accessories reaches sometimes to the cost of the camera itself.
It is already obvious that the future of video surveillance systems is their more dense integration with network technologies. Indeed, in this case, a universal infrastructure is used, and thus the problem of installation is solved. Solid side, classic cameras do not require computer skills and because of their simplicity more reliable.
In love, the case to build an effective surveillance system should be consistent with professionals. We hope that our article will help you to talk to them in one language or at least more clearly state your wishes and understand the essence of the proposed options. After all, the difficulties of choosing one of them will fall on you.
Type of matrix. Matrix "Heart" of the camcorder: It converts the light stream to information. There are two types of matrices: CCD (CCD) and CMOS (CMOS). Both are suitable for video surveillance: they are practically equal, as they differ mainly only by the method of reading information. The CMOS matrices of small sizes are distinguished by increased noise, but they work with extremely low power consumption, so that in systems with autonomous food, it may make sense to choose a camera with such a sensor.
Diagonal matrix. The physical size of the matrix is determined by the number of components of its photocells and, accordingly, the size of each element. Many mistakenly believe that the smaller the matrix, the better, however, the rules of the evolution of electronic equipment in this respect are not applicable. The number of elements in matrices is the same, technological processes are the same, but the smaller matrix is characterized by large electronic noise and less sensitivity, which is expressed in the increased grain of the image and point color deviations, if it comes to a color chamber. Matrices in most security chambers have a diagonal of 1/3 inches (approximately 8mm). Looking out 1/2-inch matrices.
Resolution. This parameter determines how detailed the image from the camera. For video surveillance systems (and analog television, in general), a unit of measurement - television lines (TVL) are received: for example, the value of 400 TVL means that it will be possible to distinguish up to 400 lines. In this case, the permission can not exceed the bar, laid down in the signal transmission standard (for example, in PAL-625 lines).
The most clearly shown black and white cameras. This is due to the fact that they have one photo-element onto one cell, and therefore erroneous fluctuation deviations are less, while a similar color cell is made up of three elements with color filters corresponding to the RGB basis.
The resolution of digital cameras is indicated in pixels on the sides of the frame, for example: 640480 pixels. Similarly, a video recorded in digital form is characterized, including with the help of a video recorder.
Threshold sensitivity. Even the most modern matrices have a rather narrow dynamic range, that is, it is capable of transmitting information about a limited range of brightness. This deficiency is compensated by automatic adjustment of exposure time: an insignificantly small temporary window may be highlighted on the frame to capture the frame (up to 1/100 000 s), and in a thick shadow, on the contrary, the entire cycle (1/50 s) goes . In addition, to obtain a bright contrast image, the signal from the matrix is enhanced, in passing the noise inevitably arising. However, all of these measures have a limit of threshold sensitivity. This is the level of illumination of the observed item, which is the minimum permissible (or below which it becomes invisible to the camera). In addition to the camera model, it ranges from the tenths to the hundredths of the suit. For example, we note that the illumination during bright sun weather can reach 10,000 LCs, in the room without light from the street, about 100 LCs, in twilight, about 2 LCs and, finally, during the lunar light, less than 0.01 LCs. Obviously, without special measures in the pitch darkness, any camera becomes completely blind.
Infrared illumination. The radiation spectrum perceived by any photosensor is much wider than the human eye, and if the infrared rays from the usual remote control are completely invisible, then for the camcorder (a photo seensor is installed) is like a flashlight. This property is used to illuminate the observation zone in cases where the level of illumination is below the camera's threshold sensitivity. The picture is obtained by monochrome.
Automatic diaphragm adjustment (ard). Dynamic contrast is also raised by automatic dosing the amount of light falling on the matrix. However, this method does not so much helps to increase the sensitivity threshold, how much eliminates the illumination into clear weather and increases sharpness. Therefore, lenses with ard makes sense to use only with street cameras. In this case, the possibility of controlling the diaphragm should be supported by the camera, because the command to change the hole of the diaphragm lens is obtained by a special cable.
Focal length. The overview angle of the camcorder depends on the focal length of the lens (which it is less, the wider angle of "view"), as well as the diagonal of the matrix: the smaller the diagonal, the less the viewing angle with an equal focal length. With a focusing distance of 3.6mm and 1/3-inch matrix, the angle of view is 78. This is the standard and most common option. For specific tasks, combinations of the matrix and lens are used, providing overview angles from 5 to 150. So, the camera with a small viewing is suitable for monitoring the small sector at a significant distance, for example, behind the gazebo in the garden, if there is no possibility to put the camera right there. Wide-angle cameras are found in video viscosity: they capture the maximum sector of space, not leaving dead zones.