Market overview of steel entrance doors: features of production, facing, installation. Products of domestic and foreign manufacturers.
Delta S 182 with Bernina panel gray metallic (a); Delta Urano with Logo G panel (nut) and transparent insert from triplex class A3 (b)
GRIFF S (ESTA) door, Kombi K-002 panel, HDF material with veneer wenge coating and waterproof HDF, painted in pearl color (A); armor linings for locks (ESTA) (b); Door Eyes (B)
DELTA 682 outer entrance door with atmospheric resistant to the Bologna decorative panel. Frost-resistant seal contour, panoramic eye, reinforced lock group
Cisa locks: Castle recoding is simple (a); Two locks in one case (b). Based on combinations of European cylinders and suvalid systems, which increases the reliability of the lock group
Appearing on the market relatively recently, steel doors immediately won the hearts of our compatriots. Many consider them a panacea from encroachments of criminal elements. But, alas, even in a fairy tale, the words: "Sesame, open!" - allowed to surround the treasury. Only with an integrated approach to safety issues, high-quality steel door will provide you with reliable protection.
According to law enforcement reports, the number of crimes related to illegal penetration into our dwellings is steadily growing from year to year. However, it is not known how much the entrance door is "guilty", because in the apartment or house you can get into different ways. Meanwhile, hacking the door, that is, the full or partial destruction of the door block is either a castle-shut-off system, the case is only equipment and time. Entrance doors are an isna of struggle manufacturers with attackers.
There is no reception against hacking?
With the help of professional tools (hydraulic and electro-hydraulic devices, gas cutters, you can break a sufficiently serious design. "Unqualified" crooks use sweater means - domestic drills, screwdrivers, sledgehammer IT.D.Kschastina, there are means of protection. First, steel doors have resistant to hacking (burglar resistance), that is, able to withstand physical exposure, including using various tools and mechanisms.
There is absolutely hacking doors with absolutely hacking doors, it is important that they can "resist" the various types of destruction for a long time, then it will be possible to stop criminal actions in a timely manner. Secondly, the protective qualities of the door can also be supported by other means of protection, such as signaling and video surveillance systems. The support of the insurance company does not prevent.
It is necessary to emphasize that we are talking about domestic doors. They are not subject to mandatory certification, and testing is completely dependent on the goodwill of the manufacturers. Concentrate the latter, a lot of certified product on the market. The main regulatory document in this case is GOST 31173-2003 "Blocks of door steel. Technical conditions. " Higher doors are tested according to GOST R 51113-97 "Protective banking agents. Requirements for resistance to hacking and test methods. " Installed in it "zero" classes (H0, 0, 1) are fully applicable to household doors.
All by law
In apartments, new steel doors are usually installed according to the outdoor opening scheme, despite the fact that the house of the house can be provided in the house. It is quite a logical explanation: it is believed that the door of the inner opening is easier to hack, besides, they occupy a part of residential space. Meanwhile, the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation No. 313 of 18.06.2003. "On approval of fire safety rules in the Russian Federation" prohibits changing the direction of opening the door from the apartment to the staircase, if it makes it difficult to evacuate people in a fire and other emergency situations. Thus, the change in the door opening scheme and sizes of openings should be coordinated in local government. For example, in Moscow, all such questions can be solved in the district departments of the Muslims.
Case Principle
Steel doors are produced using three types of technologies: tube-corner (using varietal rolled products), a receptive-profile (using special profiles) and combined. For the case of the frame of steel rolled (pipes, corners, channels), the sheets of outer and internal sheathing are welded. To ensure the stiffness of the structure, preferably closed profiles. It is not by chance that solid producers are mainly resorted to rectangular pipes (GOST 8639-82, 8645-68, 13663-86).
Pipe-corner technology has two main disadvantages. First, due to various reasons, it is not easy to ensure the required accuracy of the manufacture of metal structures. Often deviations of the sizes significantly exceed the allowed tolerance standards. In the production of budgetary doors, manual electric arc welding is used, which causes local internal stresses in the metal, which, in turn, adversely affects the shape of the door block. Secondly, manufacturers are limited to the existing assortment. We give such an example. The inland domestic doors use a pipe with a cross section of 4025mm (the thickness of its wall - 2mm). However, when installing heavy locks, it is necessary to do the technological "window" in the frame rack of about 35mm. The manufacturer rises in front of the dilemma: either a critical weakening of the cross section of the carrier element, or steel overruns (the aspect ratio is the following position - 4530mm). This technology allows you to produce relatively inexpensive doors.
Bending-profile doors production technology today is the most advanced: it provides both good quality, and a large amount of products (having, however, an average of higher cost than pipe-corner structures). This method is used by many firms: Alias, di.bi., Dierre, Gardesa, Master, Torterolo Re, Union Porte (Italy), Gerda (Poland), Plessio (Greece), Bars, Gardian, Metal Geometry, " Strong nut "(Russia). They use modern automated equipment with software control.
A complex troughting profile, combining the functions of the frame and the outer sheaving of the door canvase, is first bent. The resulting design is amplified by the rigid ribs system. At the final stage, the inner sheet welds to the profile. Use the method of point welding that does not cause thermal deformations and does not violate the coating on the sheet.
Stiffness ribs are also made of bent profiles, the size and configuration of the cross section of which determines the manufacturer. At the same time, it proceeds from the conditions for ensuring the strength, rigidity, technologicality of IT.D. Thus, Bars on the perimeter of the canvas establishes the ribs of stiffness from the branded hexagon profile by a cross section of 14045mm. This provides increased resistance to anneal.
The receptible technology allows you to make the door leaf thicker without a noticeable increase in its total mass. A results are improved by the strength characteristics and burglary resistance of the product: the effect of holes on the design is reduced and the ability to "push" the lock inland, that is, complicate access to the brigates.
The combined method involves the use and bent, and ready-made profiles. For example, in the door "Before 60" ("became", Russia) bent frame and canvas are combined with a strength frame of a varietal rolled steel.
After installing all elements, an inner sheet of a thickness of at least 1mm is welded to the frame.
1 - falsecorob;
2- main box;
3- brackets for fastening in the wall;
4- adjustable loops;
5- external sheet;
6- inner sheet;
7 - polyurethane foam;
8 - Rigel and latch;
9- Double locks-deviators;
10- canvas compactor;
11- seal on the box;
12- chamber of protection of locks;
13- Two locks in one case.
They will not pass!
Hacking a steel door can occur in different scenarios. Manufacturers seek to work on ahead, overlapping potential cavity loopholes and strengthening weaknesses.Special attention manufacturers are paid to the door canvase. The metal of the external sheath must comply with certain requirements. Russian companies use constructive steel with a thickness of 1.8-2.5 mm, while the doors of most Italian producers are made of sheets with a thickness of 1.2-1.5 mm. Logical at first glance, an increase in the mass of an external steel sheet nevertheless meets good objections of experts: after all, it takes the door, and therefore increases the static and dynamic load on the loop and the wall with the opening. The same door unit must be balanced. The ill-conceived extension of steel armor leads to an unacceptable displacement of the center of gravity, as a result of which there is a skew of the entire design, and because of this, the Castle mechanism of IT.D.
In a word, a powerful door leaf is intended for specialized doors of various purposes: bulletproof, banking. Such products have an appropriate engineering solution, a complete set of fittings IT.D. Poorenproof doors are presented on the market: for example, SEUS, Antikalashnicov (Master) models, having the IV class of resistance to hacking (according to the "banking" classification).
It is impossible to fall into another extreme - to use a very thin metal. The door with a thickness of 0.5-0.8mm thick is easy to hack a screwdriver or a conventional tin knife. This is evidenced by the sad experience of low-quality Chinese products.
Possible trouble with the canvas from the box. To reduce the risk of such a hacking, the doors are reinforced by the system of vertical and horizontal (or inclined) rigors. In addition, devices are used that block (according to the hook scheme) locking rhegies in two directions - this is a griff system at the ESTA door (Russia), Master, Plessio Idre.
In order to deal with the locking mechanism, the attackers drill an outdoor skin in the zone of locks. To protect the castle pocket, special plates are used, for example, manganese-nickel lining with a thickness of 3mm. The cylinder locks are observed from the outside of the door with armor-labels (dipends), which do not allow to knock out a heavy hammer cylinder. Protection of this kind is in the arsenal of all solid manufacturers, but it may be included in the package of doors for a fee.
Strict geometry
GOST 31173-2003 requires:
1. Limit deviations from nominal overall dimensions should not exceed 3mm.
2. The difference in diagonals of the canvas should not exceed 3mm at the area of the product above 1,5m2.
3. The differential surface surface (s) in welded angular connections should not exceed 2mm.
4. Deviations from straightness of the edges of the canvases and boxes should not exceed 1m to 1m.
A sure way to get to the bricks of the Castle, to bend the nickname, which closes the gap between the web and the box. Such a halter is perfectly opposed the door with the drowning structure of the canvas - Bars, "Gardian", "The door on the nicknamed beast", "became" (Russia) IDR.
Access to the rigels and fasteners of the frame facilitates a weak platband, that is, the framing the door closing the gap between the box and the wall. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the product, equipped with a special profile, which reliably protects the perimeter of the opening, - Bars, "Sonaks", "became", "Jaguar-M" (Russia).
Cut the loops and take off the door leaf do not allow anti-disconnecting pins (3-8pcs), firmly attached to the door of the door from the loop. It is not by chance that such elements call dead-bolts (eng. "Dead bolts"). Some doors are equipped with anti-blank ridges - "The door of nicknamed the beast", "opening" (Russia).
Reliable and loyal
The entrance door must differ in operational reliability. This quality is largely provided by loops. They are designed to have enough power to withstand the load of the canvas. However, this does not mean that they should be made as much as possible. The third loop complicates assembly works (it is difficult to achieve the alignment of all loops) and usually remains not deed.
Most often, when equipped steel blocks, stubborn loops and loops with "ball" are used. Note that the limit wear of the support area is rather rare, and it is easy to cope with it (for this we substitute an additional washer). In addition, in high-quality products, inserts from hardened steel and galvanized axes with high corrosion resistance are used (such a door does not rust). The loops can be adjusted in two and even in three directions (like most Italian doors).
The company "Door on the nicknamed beast" offers doors with self-free loops developed by the Barc Designer Bureau (Russia). These products are easy to install and unpretentious in operation (do not require lubrication), are easily adjusted, capable of withstanding heavy loads. The powerful lower loop (unregulated) relies on the floor and transmits the main load on the slab of the overlap. The upper loop, located in the corner itself, perceives only 20% of the mass of the door and operates the gun, and not to the gap. Thus, the efforts necessary for the opening are significantly reduced significantly, the load on the frame is reduced, the reliability of the loop mount increases to the door frame (and it is not easy to cut them out).
Installation of hidden loops "Sesame", "Jaguar-M" (Russia), Alias Idr.- justified more from aesthetic point of view. Doors with similar loop groups can be opened by no more than 90. The same hidden loops are attached on the screws, which is less reliable compared to the welded joint.
Testing the seal
To determine the soundproofing level and airproof seal, follows:
1. Attach the paper strip to the arrows and close the door. Paper should be clamped anywhere around the perimeter of the block.
2. Calm the door and open the window, then bring a lit candle to the doorway door. The flame should not deviate from the vertical.
Border is locked tight
The protective system of the household door should differ reasonable sufficiency. Standard equipment involves the installation of two locks of various types: Suwalde (main power) and cylinder (service auxiliary). Sufficient secrecy of unpiration provide locking devices of classes A and V. Power lock using a long lack of apartment owners. Modern Suwald Castles combine resistance to gross physical exposure and high level of secrecy. High-quality doors are equipped with suvalde locks with the transcoding function - CISA, MOTTURA (Italy) IDR. They are very convenient: for example, after completing the repair or in case of key loss, you change the code in the mechanism and use another key.Cylinder locks are used if the owners are at home or left for a short time. At the same time, such devices are indispensable when there is a threat of a highly professional opening (using IT.D.). Among such products, high-secrecy cylinders with several million combinations - MUL-T-LOCK (Israel), Cisa Idre are highly appreciated.
Some doors manufacturers use their own development devices. Thus, Gerda doors are equipped with TYTAN multichannel locks that have 12 riglels. Magen, Mul-T-Lock, Superlock (Israel) doors are equipped with branded lock-locking systems. Additional options are used by opening limiters, electronic blocks, valves IT.D.
A little about prices
Steel entrance doors on the market are presented in a wide range of prices. Products of semi-historic manufacturers costs 4100-6800 rub. The astralness of prestigious models of leading foreign and Russian firms reaches 67500 rubles. and more. 2 years ago, the domestic mid-level door could be bought for 19-22 thousand rubles. Now prices have grown almost 1.5rd. The reasons for this is an increase in the cost of housing, steel, electricity, wages.
Heat and quiet
Ensuring the heat and sound insulation of the steel door requires an integrated approach. The inner space of the canvas is filled with various insulating materials. Many domestic firms prefer insulation from basalt wool-rockwool, isoroc- or fiberglass-ursa, isover ("escape"; all- Russia). Such thermal insulators are highly efficient, fireproof, easy to use, environmentally friendly.
European manufacturers (DI.B., Gerda Idr.) Use foamed polyurethane foam. Mass are injected inside the canvas, where it is polymerized and tightly grasped with the surface of metal sheets. The result is a homogeneous stable structure. Factory di.bi. On the basis of this technology, developed the original design of the door (DELTA series). The door leaf in such products is a composite "sandwich". The polyurethane foam of high density layer Together with steel sheets forms a spring disk, well resisting canvas with a fombus. Decorative panels from an array of wood or chipboard (veneer-coated with veneer or laminated) are also contributed to the heat and sound insulation.
In order for noise and drafts to penetrate through the doorway, the shelves are paved along the ends of the canvas (at least two) from foamed rubber or latex. Note that the external seal will last longer if it is not glued, and it is tightly groping in a special sinus. Exterior doors are equipped with a frost-resistant contour. It is worth adding that the seal "answers" for airtightness, not giving odors from the entrance to penetrate the apartment (the door unit with breathability more than 27m3 / (h m2) is considered poor).
At the same time, the heat and soundproofing ability of the steel door largely depends on the installation conditions. Completed option is preserving the old wooden door and a small tambour device. However, he has two drawbacks: the direction of opening the door changes (which is not always permissible), and the spectacular design of the steel protector is not visible from the inside of the apartment.
To make it difficult to access the box, the specialists of UNION (Russia) recommend covering its inner quarter walls. If there is no such possibility, you need to at least thoroughly soak the door slopes.
About mounting features
The main principle of installing any door (not only steel) is to provide strictly vertical position of the door frame. Only by completing this condition, it is possible, firstly, to prevent spontaneous movement, skew and jamming the door, and secondly, to guarantee the reliable and long-lasting operation of the looping and castle groups.
There are two main approaches to installing steel doors. Domestic manufacturers tend to use traditional technology. The box is fixed in the doorway by means of a metal pin with a length of at least 150 mm and a diameter of 12mm. For this, special holes make in the frame. It is also possible to use the welded or removable mounting plates ("ears"), which allows you to protect the pins from the spill (because it does not take the disk of the grinder). Italian doors are mounted differently. First install the mounting frame (countergrade, falsecalob), which is attached to the wall anchor bolts. Then there comes the main frame: it is thoroughly aligned and screwed down to the foxcord. This preserves the ability to adjust the position of the main frame. If criminals can be cut off the screws, the door will stay on the branches and anti-blank elements.
When installing the doors can be concreted frame (models of firms "became", gerda, superlock). In this case, its profile has a special impaired configuration. It is assumed that the hardened concrete becomes part of the wall with the opening. A results of the box can not be discussed. However, fill the box with concrete technologically not easy. It remains only to believe in the effectiveness of branded technology.
Russian companies manufacture doors to order in accordance with the dimensions of the doorway. Imported products are supplied in a specific range of sizes. Let's say the assortment of Master includes the door 80, 85 and 90cm wide and 200 and 210cm height. Of course, you can order the door for individual measurement, but it will cost more and will arrive not earlier than the month after the conclusion of the contract. Usually, a small opening is expanding under the imported door having similar dimensions (its height, for example, is 210 cm, and the height of the opening in the type house is 205cm). This service is paid.
Meet the clothes
Do not forget that the door is an important element of the interior design of an apartment or at home. The simplest finish of steel doors-painted metal or artificial leather. Such coatings are not subject to restoration or replacement at the place of installation of the product. Qualitatively dragging the dermatin or update the powder color only in the factory conditions.
Since the owners of an apartment or country house acquire the door, counting on a long life of its operation, the internal and external finish deserves a more attentive relationship. For the design of steel door blocks, leading foreign and Russian manufacturers offer a variety of decorative removable panels: from democratic plastic to respectable wooden. True, preferring the products of a company, it is necessary to find out whether the finish is really easy to replace, whether all the models are equipped with such "mobile scenery" if you can install the panel of another IT manufacturer.
A- single one; B-bivalve
1- Door box;
2- blast box;
3- lock;
4- external sheet;
6-rigid rigid;
7- outer panel;
8- seal;
9- anti-removal pin;
10-bolt;
11- Falsecorob;
12- Intermediate box;
13 - armored plates;
14 - internal panel.
The fact is that the doors manufactured by pipe and corrupt technology, the finish is often fixed, as they say, forever. Some manufacturers for models of different price categories offer panels of various quality (that is, the expensive coating is the belonging to the high-end door kit). Buying a product that provides for the installation of thin panels (5-6mm thick), the hosts are deprived of the possibilities in the future "move the door to a more solid" costume "from the suppliers of high-quality door trim. For example, the Maslegno factory (Italy) produces more than 80 types of decorative panels for steel doors made of massif of the valuable wood (cherry, chestnut, red wood, American walnut etc.) and modern composite materials. In addition to aesthetic attractiveness, this product has special operational properties: water-repellent, resistance to large temperature and humidity drops, resistance to ultraviolet radiation (for outer doors), as well as ease of care.
Internal finish is selected under the interior of the hallway. The design of the inlet door can be made in the image and likeness of interior products. Companies supplying door blocks for various purposes - "Triumphal Mark", Union (Russia) IDR. - Take comprehensive orders. First supply steel door and mounted with a temporary plug (for example, from an organity). Installation of the inner panel is produced at the final stage of repair simultaneously with the installation of interroom doors. The operation is extremely simple: so, in the products of the Master factory, we unscrew the end door web profile (by the way, at that moment the owner can see the technical "filling" of the door) and, like from Penal, take out the temporary panel and insert the other.
If you are planning to install an input ensemble, ask how fraamuga will be decorated (unopened inserts). These elements must be performed in one style with the door web (sometimes only painted metal is offered for them). The exception is extraordinary designer solutions. For example, fixed inserts are sometimes filled with bulletproof glass- Master, Bars (Italy), ESTA- or polished aluminum (Bars).
Dense and waterproof decorative panels made of fiberboard are made with a pantograph: A- colon (light walnut); B- Astro (ivory) with a tryplex insert; V- Mirage-8 (Venen Wenge, aluminum inserts).
The deal is more valuable then money
Before ordering a steel door, you should familiarize yourself with the accompanying documents that the manufacturer or distributor is provided to their products. The inventory package, as a rule, includes a contract for the manufacture, supply and installation of the product, instruction manual and passport on the door.
From the text of the standard contract, you can learn many interesting information about warranty obligations, timing, payment terms, service IT.D. For example, if the seller argues that the warranty on the door is 10 years, specify whether this is an integrated commitment. With a careful study of the contract, it often turns out that the main guarantee is provided only for metal structures, and on the loop, the castle group, IT.D. It does not apply.
Another important point is the configuration condition. It happens that by default the locks of the budgetary series are installed, for example, Cam (Russia), Kale kilit (Turkey), or, say, the second seal circuit is offered as an additional IT.d.d.
Separate theme-service service. Solid manufacturers and their dealers have specialized services that are ready to help the client in the event of unforeseen circumstances (loss of keys, breakdown of the castle, damage to the door when trying to unauthorized or criminal penetration of IT.D.).
A- on the mounting plates; The clearance around the perimeter of the opening is filled with cement mortar or polyurethane foam; B- Through the holes in the frame (pins weld to the door frame), apply only in the case of installation in the middle of the thickness of the opening.
The editors thanks the company "Bars Steel Doors", "Geometry Metal-Optot DZ", "Strong Oreshek", "Master Lok", "Triumphal Mark", "Esta", Union, Representative Office of CISA for help in the preparation of material.