Overview of the market of energy-saving luminescent lamps: design features, dignity of devices, new models, principles of operation.
Designer M. Mamulat
Photo P. Lebedev
In order for energy-saving lamps to be conveniently used in everyday life, they are often supplied with a standard threaded basement.
The device of compact fluorescent lamps (CLL) equipped with a built-in port-adjusting machine (PRA):
A lamps of the usual (traditional) design;
B-models equipped with GF radiation generator
Lamps with a spectrum of 2700 are suitable for recreation
Some lamps are specifically designed for compact fluorescent lamps.
Fluorescent lamp flasks can be equipped with a mirror reflector
Because of the long service life, the CLL is installed in those places where access is difficult
N. Sirutien
Photo V. Nefedova
Lamp over bar stand as design element
Not all consumers like luminescent "tubes". Therefore, there are more and more models with flasks of the usual pear shape.
Another promising direction of use of fluorescent lamps-outdoor lighting
For the country site, the lamps of a special design are suitable, capable of working in a wide temperature range. This, for example, amalgam lamps that are launched
at -25s
until 26W. The use of similar lamps is economically justified, because they consume
5 times less electricity than ordinary incandescent bulbs
For a long time it was believed that luminescent lamps are only suitable for offices. Their main advantages are the brightness and efficiency of Merkli compared to numerous constructive disadvantages. Modern generations of such lamps are distinguished by much higher characteristics compared to their predecessors.
Compact fluorescent lamps can be installed in lamps of various designs and designs - from the classic
Until the ultra-modern every year, electricity is becoming more expensive, its consumption is also growing at the same time. It is evident, the monthly payments for electricity increases rather rapidly. Today, for example, the cost of 1 kWh is 1.84 rubles. For Muscovites living in houses with gas stoves. If we spend several hundred kilowatt-hours insteps, as a result, it may take a round sum. How to reduce electricity consumption without compromising comfort? One of the simple ways is the use of energy-saving fluorescent lamps. Their distinctive feature is high light return, that is, the magnitude of the light flux (measured in lumenakh), obtained by 1W power consumed by the lamp. If for incandescent lamps this figure is up to 10-15 liters per 1W, for halogen - up to 30, then for energy-saving, approximately 50-60lm per 1W. Thus, the required illumination can be obtained by replacing, for example, 100-watt incandescent bulbs with only 20-watt fluorescent lamps. A simple calculation shows: such a 20-watt lamp throughout the standard service life (6-8 thousand h) will save about 450-600 pulleel electricity. The entry equivalent (with the current metropolitan tariffs) is about 900-1000 rubles. Even taking into account the high cost of fluorescent lamps (models with a capacity of 20-26 tons are on sale at a price of 150-200rub.) The benefit of their use is very sensible.
Another plus of similar devices is small (compared with incandescent lamps and especially halogen) heat generation level. Fluorescent lamps are very hot during operation. This allows them to apply them in "problem" lamps (for example, equipped with plafones from low-melting materials).
In the light of high technology
The mechanism of the fluorescent lamp is such. The glass flask is filled with a mixture of inert gases and mercury vapors, and its inner surface is covered with a special phosphor. Under the action of high voltage in the flask from the surface of the cathode, high-speed electrons are broken. Faced with mercury atoms, they give part of their energy to electrons included in the atom, and translate them into an excited state. It is unstable: a short period of time- and an excited electron returns to the circles its own, to a stable orbit, and excess energy is released as ultraviolet radiation. Luminofor coating converts ultraviolet to visible light.
Compact fluorescent lamps: yesterday and today
CLM models differ in brightness, power consumption and a number of other characteristics. Among those indicators to pay attention to when choosing a lamp can be noted the following most important.
Construction of the base. Clease, like incandescent lamps, are released with several types of bases. They can be equipped with a standard E27 basement, minion E14, an E40 base, used in large "industrial" lamps, or pin bases of a variety of design. The base of household luminaires is used by the E27 base.
Colorful temperature. The light emitted by the lamp may have a different spectrum. It is defined as the emission spectrum of an absolutely black body heated to a certain temperature, and is indicated in Kelvin (K). The most common lamps with a spectrum of 2700K (like a warm color of a yellowish shade), 4200K (daylight), 6500K (cold white "with the care of blue"). Lamps with different color temperatures differ in its intended purpose. If the "yellowish" spectrum 2700K is perceived as "cozy" and is suitable for a bedroom or living room, then the 6500K lamps give cold contrast lighting, which is not so comfortable. But they are suitable for working in institutions.
Energy efficiency. All fluorescent lamps are definitely much more economical incandescent lamps.
Often there are CLLs with a flask made in the form of three arcs, however, they can differ significantly among themselves by the level of electricity consumption. As with other devices, the European Classification of Energy Efficiency is valid for CLL, according to which all lamps are divided into seven classes, from A to G (the class must be specified on the package). The most energy efficient - A. If the lamp is assigned this class, this means that it allows you to save up to 80% of electricity and as a result reduce the bill for electricity about 6 times.
From simple to complex
What else should you ask when choosing a lamp? It is necessary, for example, to clarify the service life. UKLE it is 6-8 thousand h (standard). Sometimes the manufacturer to reduce costs, modifies the design due to the elements that ensure the reliability of the lamp. It may be the lack of parts that protect the device from voltage drops, or quickly "aging" phosphor of poor quality. Thus, the service life of the device is much reduced. Today, self-respecting manufacturers prefer not to save on chips responsible for a smooth lamp launch, which guarantees a greater duration of the service, - in some products it comes to 12 thousand h (the "Maximum" series, "Cosmos") and even 15 thousand h ( Models Dulux El Concentra R80 23W, OSRAM; Genura, General Electric; Stick 12y, Philips; various models with Ingenium technology, Megaman).
Another perfect solution is the amalgam technology used in the Stick 12Y model. Such lamps slower slower (in this model 100%, the light stream is achieved about 3 minutes), but it is less exposed to both high and low temperatures. This is especially important when using a lamp in closed lamps, as well as it is installed in unheated rooms, since it starts at a temperature of from - 25c.
Very important parameter - lamp dimensions. Selecting the model, for example, for the chandelier, it is necessary to take into account that the presence of a standard society E27 is not a guarantee that it is suitable for the lamp. Thus, the lamp length of 85Ws (Model 4U 85 E2742, "Cosmos") is 335mm, and the width is 78mm; Similar sizes have the lamps of similar power of other manufacturers.
Technological innovations also introduced Philips. Among them is a power-saving lamp with a double light effect "2 in 1". It has a built-in LED and can work in two modes: in the nightlight mode (muffled light with a power of 1W) and in the usual (radiating light as the usual twill with a power of 9W). The model "2 in 1" is designed for operation in such premises, where weak lighting is necessary for a long time: for example, in the bedroom, in the living room when watching a telecast or in a corridor for a reference point.
Calcuted new products presented by OSRAM - Model Dulux El Facility. This technology has been implemented, which makes it possible to unlimitedly turn on and turn off the lamps throughout the service life, as well as QuickStart technology to quickly establish a light flux after switching on. These features allow you to use Dulux El Facility lamps where the light includes often and for a short time, for example, in bathrooms or hallways (CLM traditional design is not designed for similar working conditions).
IB Operation ...
Despite the possible external similarity with incandescent lamps, CLLs have a number of features that need to be considered during their operation. So, for example, the lamp is influenced by the ambient temperature. Fluorescent lamps are poorly carrying heating above 60s, and on the frost completely stop working. Therefore, if necessary, the lighting of unheated premises or country sites should be used by special models of CLLs for outdoor installation. Similar lamp series are in the range of companies General Electric, Osram and from other manufacturers. However, it should be noted that the majority of household models of luminescent lamps are not intended for use in frosts when the temperature is below -10С.
Yu. Sennikov
Designer T. Zhuk.
Photo S. and E. Morgunov
The problem for luminescent lamps is their use when too low or, on the contrary, high temperature. The lamp continues to work like a lamp situation, but they have a decrease in the light flux. The standard range of operating temperatures is, as a rule, -5 ... + 50c. Fluorescent lamps cannot be used in combination with dimmers (light models that allow you to organize the supply of electricity to the lamp). More precisely, for luminescent lamps requires dimmers of a special design. Not all manufacturers of wiring products are produced, only Gira (Germany) and Legrand (France). Usually they are designed for fluorescent lamps with integrated electronic rights and differ in relatively high cost. Therefore, if you use a dimmer to change the intensity of light chandeliers, keep in mind that when replacing conventional incandescent lamps to luminescent you will have to change the light and light.
This connection is particularly curious novelty of the company OSRAM-DULUX EL DIM. This is a CLL, the electronic circuit of which is such that suitable for the operation of a lamp with ordinary dimmeters. The new device makes it possible to adjust the intensity of the light flux in the range of 15-100% in the same way as conventional incandescent lamps.
An interesting approach to solving the problem of adjusting the brightness of CLL offers Megaman. The Dors Dimming Series used technology to reduce or increase brightness using a conventional two-position switch. To activate the brightness adjustment program, you must enable and turn off the light for 1 s. Manipulating the switch, you can change the lighting intensity (5, 33, 66, 100%).
Pluses of the "hot start"
There are energy-saving lamps with pre-warming (light up approximately 1 seconds after switching on) and with a cold start (are included almost instantly). The first cost more expensive, but have a practically unlimited number of restarts, the second "do not like" so that they are turned on and turned off many times. For example, GENERAL ELECTRIC company establishes the service life of its CLM at the rate of six inclusions per day. The short-term launch of the device for a period of less than 20min causes strong wear and significantly reduces the duration of its normal operation. Wheels, where light has to turn on and off too often, it is recommended to install lamps with pre-warming. Externally, they do not differ from the models with a cold start, so the type of their design should be clarified by the seller.
With long-term operation, all fluorescent lamps fall light returns. The norm is considered to be a decrease in this indicator by 20% by the end of the estimated service life, but at a low-quality phosphor, the level of light recoil can be 50%. Alas, unprofessional can hardly distinguish high-quality phosphor from poor quality. Therefore, if you want the brightness of the lamp not too much decreased as the resource is produced, it is only possible to advise the products of well-known and proven manufacturers.
Finally, I want to say a few words about security and ecology. Mercury pairs are used in pleasure lamps. Their amount is strictly regulated by the relevant standards operating for manufacturers in Europe, Asia and the United States. Therefore, even if you accidentally disarm such a lamp at home, it cannot be considered a reason for panic, it is quite good to air the room. Summary of the maximum safety release lamps with a flask coated with a special silicone sheath - for example, the Candle series (Megaman). If such a light bulb falls and splits, fragments and mercury pairs will not fall into the air.
Since there are mercury in fluorescent lamps, they cannot be thrown along with the usual household garbage. Hospital, our compatriots have not yet shown due level of consciousness. For example, in Europe and the United States there are garbage tanks specially designed not only for luminescent lamps, but also for batteries, kinescopic televisions and other similar devices. WMoskwe has enough firms involved in the disposal of hazardous waste, but they cooperate mainly with organizations, although a contract for service with them can conclude anyone. Of course, the owner of a single light bulb will not agree, but for a large owner of the owners of housing, a similar service is hardly burdensome financially. As they say, the trifle, but nice. Skido- competently from an ecological point of view.