Winter billet forestCutting logs of the first crown in the factory
Log layout under subsequent processingNorwegian BowlMarking Tool: Damage, LevelBeginning of draft cutting in the factory for a specially prepared level platform
Chilled at the wall of the first floor wallProduction of overlaps in the factoryHearth Rearb ErkerStart assembly. The first crown, insulation of the angular connection
Processing logs by bioprotective composition (at any air temperature)Drinking a mortgage board under a log of the first crown for ErkerThe base, laid out of the ordinary brick, and the first crown. Near the drainage well, with the help of which groundwater is carried outLifting the log on the wall of the crane. Mass log - up to 200 or more kg. Work is conducted from forests
Waterproofing and mortgage boards between the basement and the first crown. The waterproofing layer is necessary to protect logs from moisture, mortgage boards allow you to align the position of the logs of the first crown relative to the foundationSupporting floors of jacks in the basementDrilling of a row of holes in the ends of the pillars under the mortgage adjustment screwsAdjustment nodes of the poles of the balcony and veranda
Assembling walls of the second floor and balconies with the use of the crane. Works are performed by three installersDoor and window openingsGroove under the sliding mortgage parts of door and window boxes. The campaigns laid bars that screw to doors and windows; When shrinking logs, the bars are freely moving in the groovesFencing balcony
Setting rafters. Work is performed manually, without craneHouse box assemblyChernovaya ceilkovochingLaying of natural tile
Placing the tiles on the crate before laying in the amount required to cover the entire skateBlack floors of the second floor. The prostate between the beams of overlaps is placed by a layer of vapor barrier and insulation. On top of the boarding floorsCablingInterior decoration of walls and ceilings, followed by a wax-based lacquer
Installation of mansard windowsLaying pipes of the autonomous fire extinguishing system. This system is rarely determined due to high cost. The editors thanks the company "Norwegian house" for help in preparing the material.
Along with the massive construction of buildings from wooden parts of industrial production in Russia, elitial houses are continued to build out the logs manually. Wealthy Russians are increasingly building dwellings from the so-called faucet
Handmade
Breed houses are chicken in different ways. The log can be both round and with a protest (edge) - with one or both sides. Avtius turn, the protest is flat and oval. The Vuscian tradition is taken to make a flat protest log on the inside of the wall. Scandinavians are the Norwegians, the Swedes, give a log embroidered along its entire length of an ellipse or a rectangle with a cut. A log, which has such a section, the Norwegians are called LAFT. From here, there was not quite successful, in our opinion, but the construction term (Lafite) entrenched in Russian). The protest helps decorate the walls of the dwelling during the subsequent finish, make the texture of log surfaces with one of the expressive elements of the interior, increase the inner volume of rooms. Protest Single Speed Strigly Linear Wall Sizes are kept. Elliptic flaws are made from pre-core logs only manually and in the final stage are painted with electronics. A double-sided flat protest today is carried out by an industrial method, on the saw. There, the log is subjected to machine cut, after which they are sharp.
The stem side, the flaws retains the properties of a solid log (the swamp is removed only in part), on the other, it acquires some properties of the sawn timber (calibrated dimensions in thickness, the absence of a lubyan layer). The fundamental difference of the boiler from the rounded log and timber - in the individual fit of each log on the place in the wall. Two identical boofed logs does not happen. The crowns are sealing with a flask insulation or moss, combine the vertical vertical vertices (wooden square or hexagon or hexed sections) to exclude the shear of the logs or warping perpendicular to the wall plane, as a result of which a sufficiently rigid construction is formed. If the work is performed by real wizards, such a connection of logs of flaws does not have and differ exceptional reliability.
The strength of the construction of the building built from the fauthete is largely provided by special compounds in the subrolhas, the so-called Norwegian bowls. This is a type of log connection "in the edge", that is, with the remnant, when the ends of the cut out beyond the limits of the walls. Votychychi from the round bowls adopted in Russian wooden housekeeping, Norwegian have a wedge-shaped spike on one log, which is included in the groove of the same configuration on the other. Being compacted by a leaf flange insulation, such bowls provide a compound of greater reliability and make it unproduced. The wedge-shaped connection firmly fixes the log in the wall.
The processing of a log on the sawmore nuance of this technique (inclined chamfer) in angular compounds made in such a way that even when the logs, the gap appearing between the bows again closed under the weight of the log. One of the most difficult performed is the compound of logs "in the edge" at an angle, different from 90. It takes place when cutting hexagonal structures, erkers, in the inner architecture of the house. The difficulty of making the oblique bowl is due to the shape of the selected part of the log and its fibrous structure. With this form, the cutting corners of the house are well protected from rain to the protrusions of the logs, they are not freezing. The cutting is performed only by bowl down, in which case the connection site is less susceptible to rain and snow.
Sampling of wood from the groove of the tescroobook of the boiler before the masonry of the outer walls implies the execution of three main operations: the cuttings of the cup, cutting the grooves and drilling in the logs of holes under bent. The markup of the cups are carried out in two stages: not at all. A special tool (line with two hydroelectrics) on a log, lines, repeating the profile of the lower transverse log. On them, the chainsaw pour out the so-called draft bowl. After the "fitting" and finishing markup, the bowl is accurately adjusted by an ax to the bottom log. To pairing logs along the length in them, the groove is cut down the groove corresponding to the form of the top of the previous log. According to the pre-made benzopyl markup, two longitudinal duties are performed and several transverse, after which the grooves are gently chosen by direct or inverse ax (Tesl). The holes under the bellows are drilled by a brown of a tree with a diameter of 30mm. Each log is connected to the early at the corners of the house and in the wall - with a step of 1.5-2m. Braided clogged into a chess order; They enter the body underlying the log below 12-15 cm.
Cutting elements of the bowl of the chainsawsprincipial distinction of chopped houses from those that build from the details of the factory production (calibrated logs, bars, panels), is that the first tested the assembly twice. Once, when according to the project at the factory playground from logs, beams, bars, bruised and pre-without insulation and coppids, fold a box of the building, the other - when the house is collected from the finished set of elements on the customer's plot.
Terms of logging depend on the volume of work. So, the house with a total area of 150m2 is born on average 1.5 months. Building a building on the foundation takes no more than two weeks. When the log house is ready, each part is marked in accordance with the assembly drawings. After marking with the help of a crane, the logs disassemble and pack elements for transportation.
The construction of a chopped boaf house costs the customer more expensive than the construction of the building from the sawn timber and the calibrated log (however cheaper than from glued timber). It is important to take into account the fact that the smelters of small diameter logs are not saw and not chop. The height of the high-quality boof log ranges from 28 to 40 cm, its thickness in different manufacturers varies from 18 to 22 cm. It follows from this that the skyr's log of standard length (6m) for the manufacture of the boiler should have in the upper cut diameter at least 35cm. The roll of the pine forest for the boofed houses is carried out mainly in the winter, when the tree temporarily suspends the growth and humidity of it is minimal (30%). The logs with various kinds of vices (suspotted, fractured, curves affected by the vullee, rotten, fungus) are rejected at the stage of their treatment on the saw. Thus, the forest large diameter forest and excellent quality can not be cheap.
Rafting on construction sites and one more circumstance that determines the high cost of a chopped boof house. The walls are not decorated with anything (it is in this charm!) And, therefore, they need a high-quality finish. Therefore, a significant part of the costs in the construction process falls on careful grinding of logs outside and inside, deep impregnation with antiseptic compositions and paint coating. Eskaro, Teknos (Finland), Alkyd Paints of Eurostil (Russia) and other well-known manufacturers are used. Each properly manufactured and appropriately furnished apartment of the fauthete is both a small masterpiece of wooden architecture, and a large material value object. The price of 1M2 of the boof building (excluding the cost of the foundation and engineering equipment) on the Russian market is from $ 180 to $ 240 and depends on the complexity of the project and the diameter of the logs. The construction of such houses is "turnkey" costs from $ 480 to $ 800 per 1m2, depending on the technical equipment, the type of floor and ceilings, the roof material and the foundation type. The use of cedar or larch wood will significantly increase the grade cost (by 150-200 $ / m2). In love with the configuration, the quality of the church itself remains consistently high.
Scheme connection logs "Norwegian Bowl"
The wedge-shaped lock "Norwegian bowl" is similar to the ax. The hidden spike of the upper log is included in the hidden groove of the lower. The angular connection is self-closed under its own weight and does not give a log to check. The greater the drying and shrinkage of the cut, the dense castle
Crown behind a crown
The start of construction, as usual, is preceded by project work. Architect designs a boaf house with a computer program, makes its volumetric layout; Engineer-technologist makes calculations of loads and structural nodes. Separately, the scheme of engineering communications is developed.
The carrying design of the verandaefundations under the boilers are laid depending on the results of the geological surveys carried out. This can be a relatively inexpensive "Scarlet" on the pillars, the base of which is lower than the depth of the ground freezing, the monolithic reinforced concrete plate or a full-fledged basement from the reinforced concrete system with the drainage system. Foundations are manufactured at any time of the year. However, the pouring of concrete is produced at a temperature not lower than -10 C, with antiorrosal additives and with the underheated. Dullness, the foundations under the bookery buildings are the same as in any wooden, panel and even a stone house.
The construction of a loggment is starting with the installation on the foundation of the stale-processed 60-millimeter boards. The subsequent installation of log walls and floors is performed using a car crane. Fixed on the mortgage boards the first crown (related to the perimeter of the log foundation) has a bottom of the horizontal protest. The first crown is a binding of a church to the form of the foundation. The in the afternoon position of the horizontal horizontal is called using a level and regulate by an additional protest of the grooves. Simultaneously with the laying of the first crown, the beams of the floor, which are a timber with a cross section of 200100mm or large, depending on the size of the church. When the inter-storey overlap of the beams are crashed into the walls.
The balcony overlapping console provides construction removal beyond the walls of the wall, is the architectural decoration of the facadaker walls reach a height of 1.5 m from the ground, carpenters build wooden scaffolding. Installation of a forest - a prerequisite for the manufacture and assembly of a church. This takes into account not so much the convenience of work of the masters, how much the need to comply with the safety technique. The forests are narrowing from the 20050mm boards, the distance between the racks is no more than 1.5 m.
FRONTONONES AND INTERNAL WALLS MAKE FROM THE SIZE SIZES as the outer walls. The frame arranged in this way allows you to create a very strong running roof design capable of withstanding any load: from easy shingle to an impressive weight of natural tile or slate, plus the maximum snow cover calculated by the designers. The technology of laying a natural tile, which, as a rule, choose customers, is no different from the applied on any other buildings. The drying of the roofing "cake" includes a 20-centimeter layer of mineral wool isolation type Rockwool, protected by a vapor insulating membrane from the inside and a moisture-proof vapor-permeable membrane outside. Thanks to the "horse" and "run" (powerful skate beam and longitudinal beams, which is a carrier part of the rafter system of the Norwegian house), the roof design has a characteristic "Scandinavian" view: straight skates without lug-on and other architectural decoration outside and high ceilings repeating the roof configuration, From the inside of the building. The "horse" and "blind" are made from the boiler or, at the request of the customer, from the exterorant manually logs with a diameter of at least 320mm. Being part of the ceiling, they also become the decoration of the interior.
Inner arch and open window preparation of chopped frontones in the same way to cut the walls. The ends of the "run" and the ridge of the roof are embedded to the frontones. At the same time, the supporting bowls are cut down only in the logs of frontones, because and "End" and "Horse" are intended to carry roofing loads and cannot be loosened by logging. Inscribe, the fronttones are subjected to inclined optics of the ends of the logs at an angle corresponding to the bias of the roof. The presence of full-fledged beftle inland walls is also possible to save the building economically: maintain a comfortable temperature in those rooms where people spend most of the time (in bedrooms, in the kitchen, in the dining room), and reduce it in other areas of the house, thus avoiding heat loss.
Installing a balcony pillars using a construction cruprocession is designed for windows and doors. Immediately after assembling a log cabin, the openings are additionally tied. Finally, vertical grooves for sliding cranial bars, to which window and door box are fixed. The logs on the edges of the openings can be decorated outside and from the inside by a semicircular notch (cut), it is performed by parallel notching the disc electron, sampling of wood ax and subsequent grinding.
During the first 8-10 months after assembling a log house and the roofing devices, the construction gives the main shrinkage (5% of the height of the cut), which nothing should interfere. After starting the heating system for 5-6 months, the final shrinkage of the building occurs. In this case, the linear dimensions of the house of the fauthete change less than those of the homes from a solid timber or a calibrated log. However, with a height of a cut, about 7m, a total shrinkage can be from 250 to 350mm. Therefore, all vertical elements of log structures (support columns inside the building, on the verandas, balconies) supply shrinkage compensators. They are screws supporting the log on the bottom or resting in the design from above. It is based on the adjustment of the relative height of the structures and maintain the correct geometry of the house.
Installation of overlapping of the first stage of the first year of operation in the process of natural drying, the fauthes begins to crack. The main crack, as a rule, appears in the place of violation of the annual rings. It is a breaking of cases, it is a continuation of the longitudinal propyl, which is done in advance when sampling the grooves, and does not occur on the front side of the boiler. As the log cabin further, small cracks are tightened, and its surface becomes more even. Separate cracks only slightly reduce the resistance of the wall heat transfer and in the sealing of any sealants do not need. The drying of the logs from the inside and outside the construction occurs unevenly, due to the effects of direct sunlight on the outer walls. Therefore, for the organization of full ventilation and, accordingly, a uniform drying of the logs must ensure the access of street air to the log house. In other words, it is desirable to put the windows at the last stage of the house.
After the last crown was laid in the log house, the angular corner or inclined optics of the protruding ends of the logs produced. In accordance with the design of the author of the project, they can be decorated with architectural cuts. Performing such sections are produced similar to the manufacture of bowls. Similarly, crushed terraces, balconies, arched consoles inside the house.
Upon completion of the grinding of the walls, the black ceilings are packed in the sides of the sides, which will then decorate outside the cedar board-clapboard. The charity of the inter-storey overlap is placed in a layer of vapor barrier and mineral wool insulation. Then it is filling the draft (with insulation), and on nimble floors (usually board or parquet). Just like the walls, they are subsequently gripped and covered with varnish. The windows and doors are installed in the same place, the door canvases are hosted, leading work on laying engineering communications.
Specially equip the bathrooms and kitchen room. Facing the walls with a tile is performed on plasterboard panels attached by movable brackets to a metal guide. When the house shrinkage, the panels do not experience deforming loads, and the tile is not cracking. The floor tile is placed on a reinforced masonry mesh a screed, sprung over the waterproofing adhesive floor.
1. Server 2. Cap 3,4Un 5-7.P.R. 8.There Living room
Technical data
Total area of the house ....................... 358m2
Ground floor area ................... 212,4m2
Square of the second floor .................... 145,6m2
Finish at home
After the establishment of the house under the horse, the wall surfaces are internal and external and separated by grinding with tape and end grinders. This operation is very laborious; Dust in the premises must be systematically assembled by a powerful building vacuum cleaner, including for the reasons of fire safety. Dust is removed before all other internal work. The limit quality of wall processing does not exist. Some wealthy customers require the grinding of the face and applying lacquer coatings to be comparable to the furniture finishing process.
Copper pipe strapping copper pipes, installation of instruments of control and water metering and heat excavation of the house, before conspicing the stapler in the grooves of logs, a ribbon flax insulation, the masters are missing the grooves with an antiseptic composition. The in the distance, after the completion of the grinding of the walls, the composition is treated with all available surfaces. End logs, bowls, rods, stages and protests are impregnated most carefully, since the closed fibrous wood structure is broken there. With the help of the applied antiseptic, the logs immediately attach a color tint with the customer. To obtain shiny surfaces and additional protection of the wall, outside is coated with lacquer based on flaxseed oil, which includes the bee wax. Special attention is required to determine the moisture content of the tree in front of its painting, as the application of most varnishes and paints, especially with the plant content, possibly if its level does not exceed 10-12%. If the humidity is higher, then the wax coating will prevent the final drying of the wood, which can cause moisture accumulation between the colorful layer and the surface of the tree and, as a result, change its color and texture.
Engineering solutions: simplicity and reliability
Installation of water-felting pipes and receptions of the arrangement of engineering communications in the houses from the boat, a little differ from those that take place in the construction of glued timber and rounded logs. Power wires and cables are paved in metal pipes, metalworks, low-current wires - plastic pipes. In order for the electrical communications to be available for maintenance and replacement, the vertical wiring of the wires to sockets and electrical appliances are performed in the strangers behind the beds of the doors, horizontal, behind floor plinths. To hide under the plinth, a fairly thick pipe, logs stand at the floor level to a depth of 3-5 cm. The mounting boxes of the rosettes are embedded into the array of the log, the liner to them is carried out through vertically drilled holes in the holes. Wiring wiring to ceiling luminaires are made in inter-storey overlap, to wall-mounted horizontal channels cut into logs from the groove side. Let or in a separate room (if it is provided for by the project) on the wall, the shield of the introductory and distribution device with protective automata, the RCD, timers and control intelligent automation is mounted. Rims of water supply systems and heating are hidden in a vertical wooden box passing through the bathrooms of the first and second floors. Podding pipes to heating devices are performed in the overlap. Heaters are usually steel panel radiators and convectors equipped with thermostatic adjustment valves - mounting brackets are placed on the logged walls.
Enlarged calculation of the cost of building a house with a total area of 358m2
Name of works
Units. change
Number of
Price, $
Cost, $
Foundation work
Takes up axes, layout, development and recess
m3.
153.
12
1836.
Device of reinforced piles, grill
set
-
-
5345.
Waterproofing horizontal and lateral
m2.
180.
four
720.
TOTAL:
7900.
Applied materials on the section
Concrete, crushed stone, sand, ceramzit
m3.
67.
-
3748.
Mastics bituminous polymer, hydrokhotloizol
m2.
180.
3.
540.
Armature and other materials
set
-
-
4280.
TOTAL:
8570.
Walls, partitions, overlap, roofing
Manufacturing of the boiler, manually
m3.
485.
21.
10 185.
Cutting walls and partitions from the boiler
m2.
358.
95.
34 010.
Disassembly, packaging and assembly of a log on the foundation
