Technology laying noise absorbing base under laminate: types of substrates, waterproofing materials, multilayer design.
Polyethylene foaming substrates obtained the greatest distribution. And suggests in a pair with their laminate most firms
"Shumannet-100" (a); cork canvas (b); The same canvas with aluminum foil (B)
So that the laminate does not "knock" the basis on which he lies, and the neighbors did not come to you with complaints about what they hear every move, accompanied by this very "knock", under the coating it is necessary to put the substrate that will put off the shock noise
Composite substrate Tuplex (A), a rubber transformation canvas (b) and bitumen-cork substrate Parkolag (B). Parkolag and Tuplex provide micovestiling under laminate
1- protective embossed layer;
2-decorative layer;
3-inflammatory lock;
4- High density slabs;
5- stabilization-powered layer;
6- Substrate Sound Protect
1 laminate;
2- soundproof substrate;
3-concrete screed;
4- soundproof gasket;
5- Plate of overlapping
What to say, the laminate is comfortable. The appearance is good, and the service life is quite long, and it is not very expensive. Yes, and the styling is quite simple. The owners are satisfied. Avotor neighbors for some reason is not very. What don't they like?
"Shock absorber" under laminate
One of the main requirements for the base under laying laminate is evenness. Recompute with SNiPA 3.01.01-87, the size of the lumen between the control two-meter rail and the test surface should not exceed 2mm.It seems that everything is simple: I achieved the desired evenly, proceed to laying the laminate with a floating method (a "monolithic board" is formed, not connected rigidly with the base). But it was not there. If you walk along the floor-stalled floor in the shoes on the heels, you clearly hear the ringing annoying Cocan. Ito will only be the beginning of trouble. The monthly, the other, your new floor will begin to "play" in places where the gap between it and the maximum tie, and knock on concrete. You understand, neighbors or family members living below, hearing every step plus such a knock, will be ... Just happy.
That all this does not happen, under the laminate it is necessary to put a substrate with a thickness of 2-4mm. It is designed to solve a few tasks: first, finally smooth the irregularities of the foundation, secondly, becoming a shock absorber between the tie and coating, thirdly, to extinguish the impact noise arising when walking to be less audible both in the indoor itself and Floor below. Under the substrate for the purpose of insulation both its own and laminate from moisture, which may be contained in a concrete tie, a polyethylene film should be seized with a thickness of 0.2 mm. This is how the most laminate manufacturers are recommended.
Is it possible to increase the thickness of the substrate?
It would seem that it would be logical to increase the thickness of the substrate under a laminate, for example, to use it in two layers, sound insulation properties. However, this is not recommended. The substrate thickness under laminate is usually 2-3mm. When pressing the substrate is compressed (in some cases twice and more). Thus, the floor has a vertical backlash of 1-2mm. If we consider that the rates of flatness are allowed a two-millionxed gap, then the overall magnitude of the backlash in places will be 3-4mm.
Now imagine what is happening with the joints (locks) of laminated boards with similar luft. After all, the panels themselves are quite tough, they perceive the oscillations primarily by side junctions, forcing them to work on a break. Increasing the thickness of the substrate, thereby increase the backlash for another 1-1.5mm, and therefore the joints will certainly break down.
Existing types of substrates
Let's start with the fact that laminate manufacturers produce Special substrates intended for use in a pair with the products of the same factory. But this does not mean at all that the substrate from one manufacturer can not be used in a pair with laminate from the other.
For example, the Belgian firm QuickStep offers a set of substrates, which you need to lay a waterproofing film:
Alu- polystyrene 3mm thick, laminated by aluminum foil (placed by the aluminum side up). Roll size - 12.51,2m. Shakes of the stripes are connected by a special sticky tape ALU.
Uni-SoftBoard- compressed from wood fibers of a plate of 8605906mm. Used in cases where the laminate is laid on top of the existing wooden floor. Packaging - 20 tiles.
Uniclic- polyethylene base 3mm thick, laminated film (70 microns). Stacked with a porous surface down. Dimensions - 12.51,2m.
The Norwegian firm Alloc offers a very unusual substrate Silent System with increased sound insulation properties. This is a 2mm thick material (the composition of the company does not reveal) with a rather dense surface and porous inside. Sold in rolls. Alloc started to offer its Domestic, Original, Original Trend laminate with the Silent System already glued.
Special sound insulation substrates supply their laminate and other firms, such as Witex (Germany) - the Sound Protect substrate, Tarkett (Sweden) - SoundSafe, Quick Step- Unisound, Idr.
But this, let's say, special cases. The most common substrate is Polyeneetylene . It is well tolerating contact with construction materials having an alkaline reaction (cement, concrete), the racks to most solvents, gasoline and oils are not affected by insects and rodents, as well as bacteria, fungus and mold. Due to its closed structure, there is high resistance to the penetration of moisture and low thermal conductivity. Kednostats can be attributed to UV radiation instability. To connect joints when laying, glue, tapes, fasteners are used. It is the polyethylene foam of its own manufacture that most manufacturers complete with its laminate.
The market offers penne foam of three types of foaming:
"Cellon-PPE" (Russia), physically crosslinked polyethylene foam, foamed by decomposition of a special reagent - a panofor (it contains freon and other harmful gases). Is a good heat-soundproofer;
"Polyfom" (Hungary), chemically stitched polyethylene foam. In terms of its characteristics, it is approaching "Izolon-PPE", but somewhat cheaper. Isholon-PPE and Polyfoma are familiar with tourism lovers - exactly of them are made of colored bedroom "mats" sold in sports stores;
Gas-filled polyethylene with an imbued molecular structure (NPE), manufactured by extrusion and gas foams. The books include the following Russian trademarks: "Isolon-NPE", "Izonel", "Plenilex", "Thermal", "Parlelex", "EnergoFlex", "Stipol", "Izok", "Jermaflex", "SteinoFon", " Isopenal "etc.
Cork-based substrate . Let's start with a cork canvase made by pressing a natural cork crumb. It is proposed with a thickness of 2 and 4mm in sheets (915610mm) and rolls (1M width). The material is not subject to rotting, the effects of rodents, parasites and mold.
The rubber transformation substrate is a mixture of granular cork and synthetic rubber. According to the manufacturers, this material is not only more efficient than a plug, reduces shock noises, but also extinguishes the vibration of various electrical appliances.
Bitumen-cork substrate. An example can serve as Parkolag from ICOPAL (Finland), made on the basis of kraft paper with bitumen impregnation with the cream crusher with a cream crushing (particle size of 2-3mm). Parkolag is stacked by cork pointing down, thereby ensuring microventilation under the substrate layer (from under the laminate there will be a moisture that fell there, for example, with leakage). The use of waterproofing (films) is not required.
Composite materials . An example is Tuplex from Tuplex (Finland) 3mm thick. This is another material that allows you to ventilate the "underground" space. It consists of two layers of a polyethylene film, between which the polystyrene granules are located. The upper film made of high pressure polyethylene provides maximum protection of the floor covering from moisture and its vapor. The lower, more subtle, made of polyethylene of another composition, misses moisture into the space between the films, from where that, "leaning" between the granules, is derived from the perimeter of the room (note: the logo is applied to the steamboard). The canvases are joined in width with the help of a special "adolenit" 20cm wide, walking on one side of the roll - an adhesive layer is applied to it, which is enough to moisten with water.
Punching of substrates can also be used materials such as extruded polystyrene foam and special sound insulation films.
Extruded expanded polystyrene foam . This is the only one of its kind material- Foamboard-5000 from Facadestroy (Russia). It is produced thick 2; 3 and 5mm in sheets (10003000 and 1000500mm) and rolls (width - 1mm, length, 30m). The coating has high compressive strength (0.32 MPa) and low water absorption - 0.1% (you can do without a plastic film). The declared durability is about 50 years.
Soundproofing materials . For example, the products "Shumanet-100" and "Shumannet-100 super" from the company "Acoustic materials and technologies", made on the basis of a glass cholester with one-sided bitumen coating. The kennels are glued with scotch. When laying at the walls, it is recommended to leave 10-15mm cleaners to ensure moisture.
| Firm | Mark. | The foundation | Thermal conductivity coefficient, W / (MK) | Thickness, mm. | Reducing the reduced level of shock noise (LNW), dB | Roll width, m | Price, / m2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Izhevsk Plastics Plant" | "Isolon-PPE" | Physically sewn polyethylene | 0.031-0.032 | From 2 to 4 | 22-24. | 1.5 | 0.5-0.8 |
| Polifoam | Polyfoma-PPE | Chemically stitched polyethylene | 0.035 | 2. four | sixteen twenty | 1,1 | 0.4-0.7 |
| "Facade Stroy" | Foamboard-5000. | Extruded expanded polystyrene foam | 0,028 | 2 and 3. | up to 25 * | 1.0 (there are sheets) | From 1. |
| Ibercork. | Cork Underlay | Cork cloth | 0.042. | 1, 2, 3, 4 | - | 1.0 (there are sheets) | From 2,4. |
| Icopal | Parkolag. | Bitumen-cork cloth | 0,046. | 3. | - | 1.0 | From 2.5 |
| Tuplex | Tuplex | Two layers of polyethylene film with polystyrene balls between them | - | 3. | 18-20. | 1,1 | From 2.6 |
| Alloc. | Silent System | The composition is not disclosed | - | 2. | 17. | 1,95 | 4.0 |
| "Acoustic materials and technologies" | "Shumannet-100" and "Shumnet-100 super" | Glass coat with one-sided bituminous coating | - | 3. | 23/27 | 1.0 | 3.50 / 4.25. |
| * - Certification tests are currently being carried out. |
About myths and reality
Myth 1: On the sound insulation properties of plugs and thin-film materials. The fact that cork coating is a good soundproofer, understand almost everything. When you acquire this kind of substrate, the seller will gladly demonstrate acoustic test data. The effect of reduction of noise is indicated very significant, about 20 dB. But it should be borne in mind that this effect is valid only for shock noise. Air noise Cork does not delay. The height means that if you place a cork substrate under a laminate on a concrete screed, then for a neighbor, your steps will become quieter for 20 dB compared to when there was no such gasket. But neither the music, nor the sound of the voice cork covering at 20 db, not weaken, for them the effect of "sound insulation" of the cork coating will be at least an order of magnitude lower. Consequently, your neighbor will almost seem to hear these noises that are coming from your apartment. Willow will hear the sounds, distributing in his apartment.
Almost all of the above applies to substrates from Polyeneetylene, polyurethane foam and other thin-film materials. All of them are only shock noise, no more.
Myth 2: About numbers specified in the certificate . Domestic GOST offers an approximately such test method. On the floor (that is, over the overlapping), the so-called shock machine is installed, which inflicts beats with a certain force and rhythm. On the lower floor (under the overlapping) there is a device that measures the level of penetrating noise at different frequencies. To find out how much the coating reduces the noise, is carried out two tests - without coating and coated. Inclusive of the test results of GOST provides a value of a decrease in the reduced level of the shock noise, the average of obtained at different frequencies. Speaking about the measurements of the sound insulation properties of substrates under the laminate, it should be borne in mind that the tests are not just conducted by the substrate, but a two-layer "cake" - the substrate plus laminate. The results of these tests are largely dependent on the properties of the laminate, its mass, density of IT.D. What kind of laminate was used during testing, manufacturers do not indicate. Therefore, it can very well be that, the onset of the acquired substrate for the coverage you liked, you will get the amount of shock noise, somewhat different from the certificate specified in the certificate.
And one moment. Please note that often the accompanying substrate documents indicates the amount not required by GOST, but the "index of reduced shock noise". This is a complex calculation value, which is the function of sound frequencies. It gives an approximate estimate, the practical result may differ greatly from the projected, since the test conditions do not coincide with real.
Myth 3: With the use of a substrate in your apartment will be quieter . It should not be dedicated that the substrate will significantly reduce the noise (on the same declared in the Certificate of 20 DB), for example, from clooking laminate. This coating is something like a xylophone, with that difference that each of the xylophone layers makes the sound at its own frequency, and the frequency of sound oscillations of the laminate planks depends on the size of the gap between it and the floor (simply speaking, from the screed irregularity). The appearance of the appearance will weaken no more than 3-6db. Thus, using the substrate, you soundly insulate the floor not so much for yourself as for neighbors.
Chief Engineer of Acoustic Materials and Technologies Alexander Bognik
Is everything solves the substrate?
The substrate placed under the laminate may not solve all the problems of noise insulation, and the neighbors will continue to complain. The fact is that in a much greater degree, the sound insulation properties of the overlap are determined by its thickness (massiveness). As you know, constructing plates 140, 160, 200 and 250mm thick are used in construction. The overlap is thicker, the better sound insulation it provides. For example, a stove in 200mm has a given level of shock noise (LNW) 74DB. This means that when using a substrate with LNW, about 18-20DB, you will easily bring the LNW of overlap to the level required by SNiP (luxury housing - 55DB, massive- 58DB). With more subtle floors it is necessary to provide enhanced sound insulation.
Experts believe that the best result gives a multilayer design, consisting of the overlapping, soundproofing gasket, on top of which concrete screed (80-120 kg / m2), thin-layer soundproofer and laminate. For example, the use of Soundproinet-100 sound insulation material "Shumannet-100" with a thickness of 3mm will improve the sound insulation of shock noise by 23DB, and the twenty-million-millimeter layer "SHYSTETIC-C2" - by as much as 42DB.
The "pylled" floor should be done "floating", that is, the screed should not touch the walls, for which the "gasket" must be started on the wall around the perimeter of the room.
The editors thanks the company "Acoustic materials and technologies", "Bark", "Canriters", "Mir Parquet", "Smilssm", "Old Man Hottabych", "Parquet", "Facadstroy", "Elite Parquet" for help in the preparation of material.