Linoleum manufacturing technology - natural and polyvinyl chloride. Properties of material, decorative pattern, installation and coating care.
Decor simulating the equipment of Marquetry (wood mosaic from various types of veneer) is still popular in our country
Classic black and white "checkers" - the best coating option for artists transmitting the effect of promising reduction in the picture
Linoleum in the gym is quite possible, but on simulators there must be felt lining
Amitation of a parquet board - one of the most common types of linoleum decor, which is in constant demand
Linoleum manufacturers have learned to make the decor, with success simulating not only traditional wood (beech and oak), but also an exotic, luxurious interior
Setting the furniture on linoleum, you should take care that its legs are equipped with soft (felt or nylon) linings
Accurately reproduce not only the texture, but also the texture of the tree in modern technologies is not difficult
Bright monochromatic coating with embossed texture can be suitable for children or bedroom
Samples of natural linoleum with an extremely expressive scenic decor
Before you buy linoleum, ask the sample to check exactly how it will look in the interior
Many companies offer covers with a special protective layer, which is not terrible household chemicals
Who can guess that these boards with an expressive texture image applied to the PVC layer?
Samples of the linoleum of the same collection may differ not only in the pattern, but also with shades
In the early time, the collections imitating various types of natural mats are of great interest. The magnificent "bamboo mat" is a wonderful gift for all lovers of exotic and country style. Ktaku type of coating perfectly suitable wicker furniture
Plinths to the linoleum can be chosen tone to the tone, but the contrasting combinations look interesting. Installation of plinths produce after complete drying of glue
An example of a composition created with PVC tiles and special, complete with it offered, borders
PVC tile samples. Presented not only traditional square modules, but also extremely practical rectangular
No problems occur when laying a monochon coating, especially if the size of the web allows not to do the docking seams, and to customize the "parquet" pattern follows with a special care, because the wrong dock will be noticeable
Linoleum "under the tile" is a traditional option for the kitchen. Maybe stereotypes in some cases are not so bad?
Samples of new collections. "Wicker Mat" is popular
If the linoleum, including natural, is placed in the input zone (hallway or hall), it is necessary to ensure its protection against dirt and sand particles
Wide parquet board (or rather, its imitation), according to specialists, is one of the most sought-after species of decor
The term "linoleum" occurred by adding two Latin words: Linum ("Len") and Oleum ("oil"). Question for respected experts: What is the connection between linseed oil and all known outdoor coating?
Why nevertheless "linoleum"?
Of course, specialists have this "Cavernous" question will cause an indulgent smile: the history of the invention of linoleum and its further fate is by no means secret for seven seals. Rather, there will be here, on what to break the head with meticulous linguists, because the initial meaning of the word was indeed far from its current meaning. Let us briefly remind our readers the essence of the problem.
The geometrical figure does not always seem to be stressed strict, especially if it is color. As a rule, manufacturers offer several colors options for the same collection of Linoleum predecessors appeared in the XVII-XVIII centuries. But only in 1863. An Englishman Frederick Walton patented a new flooring that was manufactured according to the original technology. Linen oil (Linum Oleum) and the resin was cooked with the addition of cork, wood flour and chalk. Then this mixture was rapid on the jute fabric (burlap). The result was extremely durable and resilient to the exposure to open flame coating, the only disadvantage of which was its unchanged brown color (due to the use of a special Spanish dye). However, by the end of the beginning of the century, the technologists have learned to make the linoleum of other colors and even apply drawing on its surface.
The invention of the enterprising Englishman, which coincided with the next construction boom, had to be concluded by the status of the material, it was quite justified by the name Linoleum, established in most European countries. At the same time, the composition and technology of manufacturing the so-called natural linoleum has practically not changed to this day. All its components - Zhivitsa (Skipidar), Wood and Cork Flour, Grinding Limestone, Pigments, Jute Fabric Idr.- have only natural origins. Alnyane oil (binder element) has also bactericidal properties.
According to European standards, the proud title of linoleum belongs precisely this type of flooring. However, in the United States, and in Russia, and in Europe itself, this term is used in a wider value. After all, achievements in the field of chemistry, which, as is known, "Human's hands far extends far," made it possible to create materials similar to natural samples, but from artificial materials. So, we will focus on the classification of linoleums by their composition. In addition to two species presented below, there are also glyphthalic, colloquiline and rubber linoleums, but because they are practically not used in residential premises, we will not dwell on their characteristics in detail, and we offer you to read the article in more detail.
"Modern linoleum: beautiful and practical" on this topic.
Natural linoleum
Vaby Linoleum is appropriate, first of all, due to its hygienicity. By the way, it is possible to choose a model with a relief surface so that the floor is not slippy produced from natural raw materials (the composition since the time of Walton has practically not changed). Absolutely safe, durable. In the early, the decade, the interest in it reached apogee, since not only color appeared, but also an original decorated coating. It is manufactured without a special base or with the basis of natural fabric, as well as nonwoven materials. Compared to artificial material relative to roads - 15-30 per 1M2. Service life - up to 10-15 years.
The unconditional leader in the production of this type of linoleum (about 60% of all products in the global market) is Forbo-Linoleum (Netherlands). The Marmoleum and Artoleum collections, which are characterized not only by the excellent physico-mechanical properties of the coating, but also an extremely interesting design, are also presented in the Russian market. Conceptual and extremely fashionable novelty-collection Marmoleum Meets Meets Mendini, the decor of which is designed by the famous Italian designer Alessandro Mendini (Alessandro Mendini). Natural linoleum from the ArmStrong-DLW concern also has all the advantages of this material. It is hygienic, it is easy to clean, not afraid of an unspecified cigarette, suitable for floors heated, extremely resistant to abrasion and exposure to oils, fats and resins. For care, they use special polymer mastic, creating a semi-arctic protective layer. Stacking a natural linoleum is better to entrust professionals, since this process requires special skills.
Polyvinyl chloride linoleum
First of all, it should be noted that all covers offered on the Russian market must correspond to domestic GOST (GOST 7251-77 (2001) "Linoleum polyvinyl chloride on woven and non-woven share. Technical conditions") and European standards EN. Despite the fact that its origin of PVC linoleum is entirely obliged to fully qualify for great chemistry, it is safe from an ecological point of view (of course, under normal operating conditions). It has excellent heat and sound insulation characteristics. Available on various bases: foamed PVC, fabric or non-woven-based base, is also undoubted, single-layer and multi-layered. Conditionally PVC coatings are divided into three types: household, semi-commercial, commercial.Household linoleum It has a thickness of 1-3mm (protective layer- 0.1-0.35mm) and a mass from 1 to 2.25kg / m2. Roll width, as a rule, 1.5-4m. Cost 1m2-150-350 rub.
Semi-commercial linoleum Somewhat domestic, since the thickness of the protective layer is greater than 0.5-0.6 mm. Solid and the mass of the product is from 1.5 to 2.6 kg / m2, which means it is denser. Produced in rolls 2-4m width. The scope of its application is public premises, but it is absolutely not rebeling to use it in the house, in zones with a fairly high passability. The cost of this type of linoleum is 250-500rub. For 1m2.
Commercial linoleum - This is a heavy coating (2.8kg / m2) with increased wear resistance. It is scratched over the entire thickness and is equipped with a protective layer with a thickness of 0.7 mm. It is used in public premises with high patency. Cost - 350-600 rub. For 1m2.
Description is attached
The antistatic properties of the linoleum are extremely important and in household cementing conditions relates to so-called rolled coatings, so when buying should, first of all, pay attention to the dimensions specified in the technical description. Standard material width - from 1.5 to 4m, length - 12-27m (we are talking about household species). Thus, you can do simple calculations in advance and find out how many linoleum is a certain width, it is necessary to or another. As a rule, covers the width, the multiple width of the room. Ideal if the linoleum does not have to cut at all when fitting at all. If the configuration of the room is complex, and the dimensions are non-standard, you can ask to cut out and cut the material in the store.
Linoleum thickness - Another characteristic indicated in the technical explanation for the product. It varies from 1 to 4mm. The upper protective layer can also be different, but usually it is 0.12-0.6 mm. Naturally, the thicker coating, the better its heat and sound insulation characteristics. And, despite the fact that this parameter does not directly determine the strength of the product, it still affects its durability. By the way, the approximate service life of the coating (as a rule, it is 5-10 years) manufacturers are also required to indicate.
It is necessary to take into account the mass of the material: the higher, the more dense the linoleum and the better its operational characteristics.
Kfysico-mechanical properties of linoleum include thermal conductivity, sound insulation index, wear resistance, water resistance, flammability, heat, surface resistance to current, color and light-resistance, change of linear dimensions (the web becomes the same during operation), as well as other characteristics, the importance of which is fully Can only determine a specialist. Foreign manufacturers often use special pictograms to designate a particular property, so if difficulty, you should contact the seller consultant. The specialist will help choose the optimal coating option, based on what kind of interior zone it is intended. At all, it is not necessary to focus on the maximum indicators on all items, the desire to absolute in a similar case will result in excess costs. For example, if you need a linoleum for a bedroom, zones with low patency and inadequate lighting, where you also have a perfectly smooth floor, it makes no sense to acquire the coating of the maximum thickness, wear resistance IT.P. Another thing when it comes to the hallway or kitchen. There is an additional protective layer, bactericidal and fungicidal (anti-gribrous) processing will not interfere at all.
Homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Depending on its structure, linoleum is divided into homogeneous and heterogeneous. Homogeneous It is a homogeneous (homogeneous) material without a base, as a result of which it is thin, but at the same time, it is due to its one-piece structure that is extremely durable. Since in such a coverage, the drawing is preserved throughout the thickness even with strong abrasion of the surface, it is appropriate in zones with increased patency: in the hallway, in the halls, sometimes in the living room and in the kitchen. Heterogeneous (Inhomogeneous) The material consists of several layers. As a rule, its structure (we are talking about PVC linoleum) includes:upper protective layer of pure PVC, transparent, wear-resistant;
decorative (painted) layer;
Canvas PVC layer;
flexible and solid fiberglass basis;
Nizhny, foamed PVC layer.
Types of decor
Experts argue that the care of natural linoleum at home is easy: once every 3-5 years need to rub his special masticulin oleum is not in vain called a great imitator. He initially appeared as a democratic replacement of more expensive coatings. Conclusion with this traditional type of decor are imitation of wood and natural stone. Today, manufacturers offer dozens of all sorts of options "Parquet Board": from a simple "Christmas tree" to complex compositions - Marquetry. In the early time, the designers were fascinated by copying the texture of various wood breeds, including exotic. A drawing, imitating complex inlay, also remains popular, although such models are appropriate only in the classic interior.
The choice of "stone" is extremely wide. In addition to classic marble or granite samples, decorators are happy to use models in which the patina of time is transmitted. "Flashing" and as if the weathered plates are perfectly harmonized with the interiors in the country style.
Collections of "mats" with the texture of sisal or bamboo use in great demand. For modern destinations (pop design, fusion) a linoleum is suitable with an abstract, often very original pattern.
One of the wonderful features inherent in almost all collections is the ability to choose the desired shade (warmer or cold) from the wide range. This allows the designer to solve many problems associated with coating coating with other elements of the interior. By the way, that is why it is recommended to consider samples of linoleum directly in the room for which it is intended. Relying only on the visual memory in such cases is undesirable. In addition, manufacturers try to diversify not only the color, but also the texture of their products, so that relief drawing acquires emergency expressiveness.
Installation of linoleuma
This occupation is not as difficult as, for example, laying parquet. Yvs and independence in this case is not always commended. Specialists can notice the nuances for which you simply do not pay attention (increased humidity of the base, insufficiently smooth IT.P.). Therefore, it is better not to neglect the professional advice, especially since the means saved on the laying, you may have to spend on ... Her alteration.Typically, manufacturers offer detailed instructions for laying a type of linoleum. But there are general rules applicable to all types of this coverage.
After a certain model is selected and its sample is unanimously recognized by all households the most original and relevant in drawing and color, the most responsible moment comes Calculation of sizes . Here you can give some sufficiently simple tips:
Choose the maximum coating width to do without docking seams;
If the linoleum is decorated with a pattern, consider the rapport required for fitting the pattern;
Buy linoleum from one roll or from one party so that the possible distinction of shades was minimal.
Floor preparation - Next important stage. The base under linoleum should be solid, as smooth and dry as possible. All sorts of cracks, bloating, inadlines, protruding caps of nails or residues of the previous coating should be removed or embedded. Cracks are poured with epoxy resin, irregularities are eliminated by means of a cement screed or putty, and after drying the leveling composition, the surface must be seized, and then speck out.
What to do if your gender is far from the ideal, and besides, there are old coatings on it? There are no hopeless provisions. Cleaning your age carpet is completely removed (the benefit of the floor under it should be sufficiently prepared for the new laying). Parquet as far as possible leads to order: replace the missing modules, slots and potholes or chosen chipboard. Ceramic tiles are covered with an aligning mixture. Old linoleum is preferably removed, although sometimes experts consider it possible to glue a new layer from above.
If you are placing the linoleum on the warm floor, the built-in heating system should be included approximately the mixture before it, and it should be turned off during the day before stacking. The installation of the coating is produced in two ways: with the help of glue and without it, but using a special composition for welding seams.
Linoleum Outlet Without Application . As we have already spoken, cutting and cutting linoleum can do at your request already in the store. But it is possible to do this and independently using a ruler and special scissors (or knife). Jade the side of the canvas is desirable to leave additionally several centimeters and remove excess with such a calculation so that there are about 5 mm between the wall and edge of the coating. The drawing is aligned on one of the walls (as a rule, move from the front door). If you need to connect two pieces of linoleum, first the two-sided tumblers are fixed alone, and then stacked the other in such a way that it overlaps the first at least 50mm, and customize the pattern. Then both slices are cut through at the same time. The seam is filled with composition for cold welding and ribbon ribbon for several hours.
Linoleum Washing Using Glue . After preliminary training of linoleum (cutting and cutting), special glue (PVC or dispersion universal) is applied on one half of the coating and then operate according to the instructions. Usually you need to withstand about 10 minutes before pressing the cloth to the floor. Just do the second half. After a day after gluing, you can weld the seams. Installation of plinths is made after complete drying of the glue.
PVC tile
The cutting of the linoleum is better to trust the specialists, especially with a complex configuration of the room, the presence of erkers, stairs IT.P.PVC PVC-nearest relative of the rolled PVC linoleum (according to the structure materials are almost indistinguishable). All famous colored squares, in the recent past, decorated the floors of public institutions and typical apartments, were considered (and, alas, deservedly) not the best coating. Modern PVC tile in quality is not inferior to rolled coatings, although not so popular. The advantage of it is, above all, in excellent decorative characteristics. Designers Colored modules allow you to show a big fantasy in the decor of the room, because in this case you can combine, for example, elements, imitating stone and wood, use colored borders and inserts offered by manufacturers. Easily damage to one module is easy to replace it with another.
PVC tile price is 35-40 per 1m2, but there are more expensive collections.
Tarkett offers a collection of a commercial modular coating moduline, which is more expensive than the rolled linoleum of the same company (from 40 per 1m2).
Armstrong-DLW products are widely represented on the Russian market. Wear-resistant semi-flexible tile size 300300mm is intended for both residential and public premises. The manufacturer produces not only traditional squares, but also strip modules. Collection of Scala Wood, imitating the texture of various wood breeds (36 colors), includes 2,5mm thick modules (protective layer-1mm) with dimensions of 7.6291.44 and 15,2491,44 cm. Collection of Scala Stone with dimensions of modules 30,4830,48; 60,9660.96 and 30,4860.96cm imitates the texture of natural stone (31 variants of colors).
PVC tile also produces Gerflor (France). Collection of Creation Wood, imitating wood texture, includes modules 10100, 20100 and 6060cm. Installation of tiles is made using dispersion glue for elastic plastic coatings, laying it on a pre-prepared surface.
Linoleum care
To care for natural linoleum, there are special mastic, the use of which guarantees a long service life.Linoleum PVC is more abrasion, but manufacturers are not in vain used an additional transparent layer of polymer, which protects the drawing from abrasion. The same coating does not cause any trouble, sufficiently carry out dry or wet cleaning (of course, without using abrasives).
Who is in the market?
Linoleum is durable, beautiful, does not require much care, it is enough to just replace it with another coverage, what else can you wish? We have already briefly told about companies producing natural linoleum. Now let's talk about some manufacturers of PVC Linoleum (from those that are most fully represented in the Russian market).
Products of foreign companies are distinguished by a relatively high price (250-500 rubles. For 1m2). This is primarily due to the quality of products, but a considerable role is also played by brand fame. Armstrong-DLW plants formed by merging two enterprises - Armstrong World Group and DLW Aktiengesellschaft are located in 14 countries of the world. In addition to the natural linoleum, this manufacturing association supplies to the Russian market and vinyl coatings worth from 300 rubles / m2.
Domo Floor Domo (Belgium) division specializes in the production of PVC linoleum. The factory has developed Sensa System technology to mimic the texture of a parquet and a stone coating. The cost of this kind of products is 250-300 rubles.
Forbo combines 40 factories in 12 countries around the world. Forbo-Novilon Factory (Netherlands) products are widely represented. These are novilon household coatings and universal Novilux brands. Forbo-Linoleum from Forbo-Linoleum's recreational properties of natural linoleum.
The Ambiance coating from Gerflor Group (France) 2m and 2mm thick width costs 350-400 rub. For 1m2. Considering the bactericidal and fungicidal processing of the material, the price is quite acceptable.
IVC (Belgium) and the GrabOfloor division of Graboplast (Hungary) also develop interesting collections of household linoleum, the cost of which is 200-350 rubles. For 1m2. The production of special linoleum is engaged in Polyflor (United Kingdom). Releases it and Upofloor (Finland), known as the producer of parquet.
JUTEKS vasserized - 12 collections. Household linoleum from this manufacturer costs 200-250 rubles, and commercial - 320-350 rubles. For 1m2.
The Tarkett International Concern, at which Sommer entered some time ago (now the Sommer brand is already coming down from the scene, giving way to Tarkett), established the production of linoleum under its brand now in Russia. Plant "Tarkett" (trademarks "Tarkett" and "Sinteros") makes a worthy competition to foreign companies. Especially since the democratic value of the product (170-350 rubles for 1m2) is combined with the quality of international level. Under the Tarkett brand released a new collection of Discovery. To date, this is the most dense of the coatings available in the Russian market (its thickness is 3.5mm, mass is 2,5kg / m2). An additional protective layer EXTREME PROTECTION makes such a linoleum resistant to pollution and to household chemicals. The main collections under the brand "Sinteros" - "Europe", "Competitor" and the most wear-resistant linoleum "Arsenal" on a foam basis. The peculiarity of this linoleum is an additional protective layer "Titan" from polyacryl.
Note that, on the choice of decor, Russian products are practically not inferior to overseas. Undoubtedly, domestic producers will strive for greater originality, because, judging by all, Linoleum will still retain its popularity.
The editors thanks the company "Old Man Hottabych", "Tarkett", "Opus", "Lik-Stroy" for help in the preparation of material.