Compact intake ventilation plants to combat stuffing. Characteristics of devices from the point of view of reliability and fire safety.
A- air support-dividing lattices and diffusers;
B, in ducts
Together with the supply installation, exhaust fans are sometimes used, controlled by automatic adhesives "
Many of our readers, setting hermetic windows in their apartment, came across the problem of stuffiness. Alas, multi-chamber double-glazed windows along with insulation from noise and cold overlap tightly and access fresh air to the apartment. One of the proposed methods to overcome the stuffiness is to arrange ventilation based on a compact supply unit.
Benefits
Compact supply installations are a small instrument, the main purpose of which is "download" into the premises of fresh air from the street, carrying out its cleaning, and in the cold season, also heated to the temperature selected at the discretion of the user (you can "order" and 5, and 30s). The models presented in the market can be served in rooms from 30-40 to 1000m3 / h or more, but in each particular case, taking into account the aerodynamic losses in the ventilation system, select such an installation that will be with a short margin to meet the need for dwellings in the fresh air (this need It is possible to approximately count, multiplying 3m3 / h air to the ventilated area). The choice of a specific model "Shapes" is better to entrust climate engineering specialists.The main element of the compact supply is installed, located inside the fan, thanks to which the air is driven through the installation and falls from the street to the room. Also inside the device, the flow of fresh air passes through the filter, which cleans it from contamination, and an electric heater that increases its temperature in cold weather. At the input to the device there is a trim valve. It prevents the penetration of genuine air into the room at a time when the juncture is turned off (so that the ventilation grids are not "drove"). In addition, in (or on) the case is mounted in the unit of automation of the supply unit, and on the wall of one of the ventilated premises - the control panel.
In the presence of power supply, compact supply installations allow you to equip the ventilation system completely independent of the weather in the apartment. Valid dreams from set (docked from individual elements) devices, all components of compact installations are collected in one heat and noise insulated housing. These components are selected, are tested and debugged to work together at the production stage, so that the monoblocks have sufficiently high efficiency. Their simple and inexpensive installation usually lasts a few hours and requires a minimum amount of consumables.
There are two types of compact supply units. The first is the devices for servicing one room (rooms). They have the shape of a narrow box, with high-quality external trim, mounted on the wall, from the side of the room, for example, under the window or next to the balcony door. The connection of the environment with the environment is carried out through the ventilation channel done in the wall with a diameter of 100-150mm. One-room supplies can be mounted without harm to the interior in the already decorated rooms (apartments) in just a few hours. The wiring of air ducts in the room is not required. Such technique is released by the company "Laboratory of Climate" (Russia, model "Sphere"), Mobair (Finland) and some others. The cost of these devices is within 500-750 per piece (about 5 per 1m3 / h fresh air).
The second type of "fittings" is devices for servicing one or more rooms (for ease of identification, we call them universal). There are no live rooms of the apartment such equipment, but it can be successfully located behind the tail ceiling in the kitchen or in the bathroom. WHATS, more often, such devices are submitted to the loggia, here they are either installed on the floor, directly at the outer wall, or fixed on building structures (walls).
The fence of fresh air to the universal supply unit is carried out or directly from the street (if the device is located on an unlocked loggia / balcony or directly on the wall outside the building), or through a warmed air duct (if the equipment is mounted in the heated zone). From the device, the air is usually directed to the network of supply air ducts, according to which it is evenly distributed on the room of the apartment. The gasket of the air ducts is carried out in space behind the tail ceiling, and often it is enough to limit itself to the local decrees around the perimeter of the ventilated premises. If there is a common corridor in the apartment, then the feeding air ducts can be placed in it behind the tail ceiling, and the fresh air is supplied to the rooms through the air distribution grids in the walls bordering the corridor. An example of universal monoblock supply units can serve as TLP and TA-MINI from Systemair (Sweden), SAU125 A from Ostberg (Sweden), minined from the company "OSEC" (Russia), "Minikon Termokontrol" ("Engineering Equipment", Russia), KKP ("Prose", Russia), "Hummingbird" ("Laboratory of Climate"), ZGK / ZGF (Rover, Germany) IT.D. The cost of such equipment is 0.8-15 per 1M3 / h of air supplied (without a network of air ducts).
Fresh air without problems?
Installing the supplies with an electric heater in his apartment, it is necessary to prepare for increasing electricity costs. So, in Moscow for the operation of the ventilation plant in an apartment of about 100m2 per year, it is necessary to pay the energy supplier from 3000 to 15000 rubles. (This is additionally to current accounts for electricity, depending on the nature of winter). If the apartment is located in the central part of the city, then for the power supply "Shapes" may not be enough for electric power (after all, there are other "voracious" electricity consumers - lighting, "warm" floor IDR., - And the energy supply limit of the apartment is usually not exceeds 7kW). Vitoga for the ability to use a few extra kilowatts to power supply installation, as well as for laying the power cable will have to be at a time to deduct the electricity supplier some amount of money (for example, in the center of St. Petersburg, about 500 for each kilowatt).
One hundred years without trouble
From the point of view of most buyers, most importantly in the supply installation - reliability (maintenance of working capacity for a long time) and fire safety. These characteristics and predetermine the selection of the model.
Most often, compact supply installations fail with a fan breakdown, so the buyer first needs to pay attention to this element of the system. The reliability of the fans depends on many factors, in particular the quality of the used electric motors. If the fan node (the impeller in the housing and the electric motor) or only the electric motor is made by one of the leading global manufacturers of such equipment, the resource of the work will most likely be high. The most reliable kits belong to the compact supply of foreign companies SYSTEMAIR, OSTBERG. Also well shown themselves in the establishment of domestic firms collected on the basis of imported components.
Square view of fire safety The most problematic node of the compact supply unit is considered air heater. The poor-quality models of Tanov do not guarantee 100% security even if there is often the simplest protection devices in the imputive installation of the simplest devices, the temperature of their surface often exceeds 700 ° C, for example, the filter scored and the filter can be ignited from contact with it. More fireproof ceramic heaters. The maximum temperature of their surface is 240s, and this indicator does not depend on the speed and temperature of the flow passing through the air device. Such heaters, for example, equips all their compact supply installations "Laboratory of Climate".
Mala, yes hurts
The dimensions of the compact supply unit are largely dependent on the type of fan applied in it. Universal small-sized devices of the IPK-1.6 Russian company "Innient", equipped with special fans with a free impeller and direct drive, are compact. Since the fan housing in this case is the body of the supply unit, its overall dimensions are in the section of only 230230mm at maximum air performance 150m3 / h. The company "RFK-Climate" was paid to the greatest attention to a decrease in the dimensions of Monoblocks. When performing 500m3 / h, its compact supply of I500 has a height of 220mm. The design of the design was used by a radial fan with curved shovels. Quite compacts already mentioned inlet installations "Hummingbird" (460360280mm). During the installation, they do without problems fit into the cell of the suspended ceiling of 600600mm.WHAT, when choosing a compact "fit", it is unreasonably looted only on its dimensions. Their decrease in some cases is achieved by excessively thin heat-sounding or applying compact, but too loudly running fans (1-5DB louder than traditional models). Since not all manufacturers provide objective data on the noise level of their devices (often there is simply no information), it is advisable to make an "listening" ventilating installation before purchase, including it in the network "On the whole coil" right in stock or in the showroom of the seller .
To reduce the level of noise entering the room at the intake air duct, you can immediately install a channel silencer at the air intake. The reduction of noise transmitted from the installation on building structures (walls or overlaps to which the installation is suspended), can be achieved as a result of installation of the installation on vibration plants.
How much did, so much came out
Fresh air is served by "adhesive" in the apartment, and polluted, in the same volume, leaves it through the ventilation channels in the bathrooms and in the kitchen. If natural exhaust ventilation does not function (this can be established with the help of a specialist caused from a climate firm), then in one of the rooms (for example, in the kitchen) in the outer wall is created by the opening with gravitational blinds (they open the flow of an air leaving an apartment and closed when Supply installation is turned off). Another solution is to embed an exhaust fan in the wall, started and adjustable by the monoblock automatics (when using such a scheme, with incorrectly selected equipment, the clapping doors effect is possible). Alternatively, to compensate for the tributary, you can even keep the windows in several rooms of the apartment with ajar, in ventilation mode.
The air of crystal purity
Filtering abilities of compact supply installations are opened in front of their owners wide opportunities for climate improvement in the house. After all, the problem of lack of clean air every year becomes more and more relevant. When buying, preference makes sense to set the installation with such a filter, which will provide the necessary quality of the air indoor and at the same time will not be destroyed in maintenance. It is also important that the filter can be replaced with its own (through the hatch on the housing), without contacting the service personnel. It is worth remembering when choosing not only the installation itself, but also space for its installation, as well as on the subsequent decorative decoration, if necessary.
Traditionally, pocket filters of the Cleaning class EU3-EU7 are used in compact supply intakes. The EU3 class belongs to the street air from dust, various kinds of polluting and darkening particles like soot. This is quite enough for apartments located in forestarks or outside the city. EU5-EU7 filters can already carry out better cleaning from fine dust and pollen, smoke, and even bacteria. These devices can be used in urban conditions at low and moderate air pollution. Depending on the cleaning level provided, pocket filters contain different number of pockets and are made from different materials. For example, in the compact settings of the KCP of the company "Web" coarse filters are made of one hundred percent polyester, and fine purification filters - from a material consisting of hyperfine fiberglass. Note that it is necessary to maintain air filters in accordance with the recommendations of manufacturers. Often they are enough to treat the vacuum cleaner, rinse. But sometimes, with especially severe pollution, it is better to buy a new filter.
Sometimes in monoblocks use other types of dust filters, such as cells. Supplied Items of the IPC-1.6 apply standard VF-010 filters designed to filter the air of the VAZ-2110 car salons and its modifications.
It was thoroughly approached by solving the issue of air purification company "Laboratory of Climate". In addition to standardly used dust filters, the PVU-120 compact compact compact settings are included in the unified coal (adsorption) and photocatalytic filters.
The first stage in the system forms a dust filter of fine cleaning of the EU7 class, the frequency of replacing which is determined depending on the specific operating conditions. The next photocatalytic filter is the main one. It purifies air from exhaust gases, CO, NOX, phenol, formaldehyde, ozone, tobacco smoke and smell, allergens of homemade, vegetable and animal origin, pathogenic bacteria and viruses, as well as toxic organic compounds of household and industrial origin. Harmful organic and inorganic air pollutants, bacteria and viruses are adsorbed on the surface of the TiO2 photocatalyst, applied to the porous carrier. Under the action of light of ultraviolet lamp, their organic and inorganic components decompose to carbon dioxide and water. The third step is an adsorption coal filter removes almost all harmful impurities with a molecular weight of more than 40 atomic units (for example, unpleasant odors, car exhaust gases, garge IT.P.). The frequency of coal replacement (backfill volume is 1,3kg) depends on the operating conditions of the device, but it reaches, according to the company, three years with the timely replacement of EU7 filters.
Note that their limited capacity is a significant disadvantage of any adsorption air cleaners. So, with a late replacement of the adsorbent, they themselves become a source of toxic organic substances and pathogenic bacteria.
Installation of the supply unit PVU-120 "Climate Lab" (manufacturer shooting):
| 1- In the outer wall, the hole is drilled for the input duct and electric power supply. The template's setting is made of the outer wall, after which the frame is installed for fastening the supply installation; |
| 2- on the frame are fixed guides ("Rails"); |
| 3- PVU-120 is discharged from the window; |
| 4- fixed on the frame, electrical connections are performed; |
| 5-guides are removed; |
| 6- Wiring of plastic air ducts indoors. Diffusers are used for uniform air distribution |
On automatic
Ideally, any user would like to buy a compact supply unit, equipped with such an automation system that would allow including equipment and forget about its existence forever or at least for many years.
The possibilities of the built-in automation system are allowed using a wired control panel (in universal compact supply installations) or located on the control panel housing (in one-room "adhesive") to carry out stepped air supply adjustment, and in winter, it is also smooth or steps to adjust The temperature at the outlet of the installation. Smooth control of the power of electric heaters in accordance with the incoming temperature of the incoming air, as well as the control of a five-speed fan engine is provided, for example, in universal compact ventilators Ventline (Czech Republic). The system of their automation consists of a power cabinet (mounted on the housing), the control panel with the display and the temperature sensor installed in the air duct. Often, automation provides synchronous turning on-off and adjustment of the speed of the supply and exhaust fans. This feature is supported, for example, in the universal compact supply supply of TA-MINI from SystemAir.
Electric motors of universal intake installations and sections of the electric heaters are commonly equipped with overheating and fire protection systems. Sometimes the auto industry is used. For example, at the I350-I1000 monoblocks of the company RFK-Climate, it is included in the standard delivery package. Eliminates the possibility of overheating of the Tan when working at low speeds or when the installation is turned off. The auto industry system constantly controls the air temperature in the Tan area and when the threshold value is exceeded, turns on the fan to the maximum speed. To protect against improper operation, the monoblocks are equipped with a lock system when filter contaminated. It is useful for concentrating attention of too busy household on the problem of timely replacement or cleaning of these important installation elements.
The editors thanks the company "Laboratory of Climate", "Vertex", "Phantom Climate", "RFK-Climate", BB Consulting, Systemair, Ostberg, Rover for help in organizing shooting.