Ventilation and garage heating: Options for organizing heating and air exchange, types of installations, equipment, operational principles.
Stifab Farex lattices (Sweden). Roof exhaust fan "Innient"
(Russia) (b)
Equip the heating system a private garage on one or more cars, located next to the modern country house, it would be possible, would be desire. However, this should only be done with a comprehensive approach to the organization in it microclimate.
Winter in warm!
The advantages of the possession of the heated garage becomes especially obvious in winter, against the background of problems with the storage of the car on an open parking lot, where with enviable regularity, it is necessary to drive it from the "snow captivity", to suffer with a cold launch (especially in domestic brands), and before traveling, without fail At idle. What a wandered garage is your "iron horse" and in the frost is ready to use 100%. The roof and walls of warm boxing protect it from precipitation, Ineu IT.P. You open the gate, sit down in the salon, turn the ignition key and on the way. In addition, in the room you can always hold a small (and even large) repair of technology on our own, without contacting the car service, and even storing various things in the car service. The cauldress of the car, having mastered the intelligence of a small peninsula of technical comfort, will feel here a full-awaited owner of life. That is why warm boxing is so lined by all who at least understands anything in Avtodel.As a rule, private garages are heated, or attached to the country house or built into it. They are an integral part of the total space of cottages and urban mansions. Private garages for several cars located at some distance from the main building are heated and separately standing. All these are usually solid facilities: walls of foam blocks or bricks, reinforced concrete or wooden roof. Self-heated garages are collected from finished reinforced concrete structures or even cast from concrete on the spot according to the technology of monolithic house-building. It is extremely rare to meet heated garages from steel structures. True, to make the heating of such buildings not particularly wasteful, their owners have to surrender on the heat insulation of walls, roofs and gender.
Board for Comfort.
According to scientists, the air temperature in the warm garage in the winter should be maintained at a level not higher than 5c- this requires SNiP 21-02-99 "Parking of cars". The same document says that in such a boxing it is necessary to equip supply-exhaust ventilation. It is needed for dilution and removal of exhaust gases, intense drying of the room and who arrived from the car street. For the garages of single-quality houses according to the Avok Standard "Buildings of residential and public. Air exchange norms" requires at least 180 cubic meters of fresh air per hour per passenger car. On the recommendations of foreign manufacturers of ventilation equipment (for example, Xpelair, United Kingdom) fresh air to a private garage must be supplied even more, namely so much to provide a 6-10-fold air exchange (on a garage of 60m3- from 360 to 600m3 / h).
Alas, all useful recommendations and requirements for the provision of supply and exhaust ventilation and maintenance of temperature, when weighting heated garages are observed, to put it mildly, not always. More often the garage is deprived of the inflow of fresh air (the construction uses hermetic materials and designs), and the batteries connected to the contour of the cottage heating or to the individual heat generation system are warm so that in the room you can stay without outerwear. In love, the moisture is inevitably penetrated into the garage, in the form of snowy blocks frightened to the thresholds and the bottom of the vehicle, or from the soil (especially if there is an observation pit) - due to errors in the waterproofing device. Effective means of removing moisture, such as drained pit under ruts, from where the melt water is removed into the drainage system, is usually not provided, and the machine stands above the aqueous mirror, for a long time covering the entire surface of the floor. That is, in fact, in the interruptions between travel cars "lives" in the bathhouse, at a temperature of 25c and relative humidity of about 100%.
After returning from the frost, due to the sharp drop of temperatures, both the outer and the inner surface of the body are covered with dewing, which falls out of warm and relatively wet air of the garage. AESLI car before putting in boxing was also forgotten to wash, that is, they did not remove the dirt, delaying the grazing of individual planes and parts, and winter-salt, poured with snow, oxidation processes will go particularly intensively. The minimum chip and yellowish brown ulcer, constantly increasing in size, the body is provided. Alas, cars, especially domestic production, with ineffective anti-corrosion protection, do not forgive climate engineering errors and come into disrepair in just a few years of operation: "bloom" wings, rust welded joints, unpleasant smells appear in the cabin. It is this feature of Russian heated garages and caused the idea of the idea that "in the warm boxing machine does not live for a long time."
However, such pessimism is hardly justified. To ensure adequate storage conditions for the daily used car, an integrated approach to solving the problem of garage climation is needed: it must have effective ventilation capable of drying not only external, but also hard-to-reach body surfaces, and reasonable heating that does not allow the process of corrosion to flow intensively . This, of course, will force the owner of the car to part with a certain amount of money, which will pay for the payment of services of the climate firm, in particular, the development of the project, the purchase of the necessary equipment (from $ 400), as well as to deduct funds to pay for electricity supplier accounts. But, having stuck on equipment or limited by semi-dimensions, you must prepare that a new item will inevitably appear in the structure of your costs: premature non-repaired car repair due to corrosion.
Cleaning the car body from snow - the exercise is tedious and routine. Can be larch and damage paint
Fire Battery.
The first step towards creating a water heating system garages - the choice of a reliable source of heat supply. Okay, When it is possible to connect to the boiler for heating a cottage or embedded in it. heating accommodation. But this can be done only in the case when at the design of the boiler room on the heating of the garage, the required power of the heat generator was reserved. The same source of heat supply can also be used for a garage remote from the cottage by 30-50m. True, it will be necessary to buy a slightly more powerful pump, and still pave the heat maintenance area and insulate the pipelines as much as possible. Note that such a decision is clearly not refer to the category of cheap, requires a serious design study and is characterized by significant energy consumption.
If it cannot use the garage for heating a cottage boiler for heating a cottage (or remote in the "pure field") Equipped specifically for the garage Individual automated boiler For example, in the adjacent room. According to our data, for the heat supply of small garages (40-60m3) with good thermal insulation (minimum of 150mm minvati), electricity is most often used. Moreover, the power of the electrocotel is relatively small - for a well insulated room for one machine, 1.5-2kw is enough. However, it should be borne in mind that in some regions of Russia electricity in winter may not be weeks. For heating volumetric garages, several cars can be equipped with an automated boiler room, say, on gas or liquid fuel.
According to the principle of heat transfer, heating is convectable, radiator or air. Convector and radiator systems are known to all - they are used in urban high-rise buildings. AVOT Air heating in the dwelling is rare enough. But precisely Air heating is preferably for a private garage : It creates an intense circulation of air and contributes to a speedy heating and drying as the room itself and the car. Doggeds of this option include an elevated noise level.
For airborne heating In the garage on one or two cars just enough one fan heater with liquid heat exchanger . Such fan heaters are called still fan coils. We are made in case of cases, they are made in a rectangular metal case ("box"), attached to the wall or suspend directly to the ceiling. Another type of fan heater with liquid heat exchanger- Heat curtain . This device creates a powerful flat air flow and is located directly above the entrance to the garage. When the doors are closed, the heat curtain works at low speed and warms the room. Acrief doors open, it begins to drive a stream with a huge force, creating an invisible door from the air in the plane, which prevents the outlet of heat, but not interferes with the entrance of the car. This allows you to save heat.
So that the garage does not overheat, the fan coil and the heat curtain can be equipped with a thermostat that turns off the fan, or a three-way valve, overlapping the feed coolant pipe when the temperature is reached in the room 5c and redirecting the coolant over the edge channel back to the boiler. Listening to the autonomous garage boiler management can be carried out and due to its disconnection. More smoothly adjusts the temperature rarely applied proportional controller.
Excellent Fan Coils produced Jaga (Belgium), good equipment is supplied by VTS CLIMA (Poland), "Moven", "Weeza" (Russia). Among manufacturers, a curtain with a water heat exchanger wants to celebrate the English company Thermoscreens, Norwegian Pyrox (Systemair), Swedish FRICO. The cost of implementing a solution is $ 30-500 for 1kw thermal power.
For convector heating In the garage, it is permissible to use Wall-mounted water convectors (steel or copper-aluminum), as well as, for example, Steel tubular radiators . To prevent the destruction of the heating system due to an awkward maneuver when setting a car into a garage, wall heating devices are better installed in specially equipped niches in the walls and close-flush with the surface of wall-removable screens. To regulate the temperature, you can use, say, cheap thermorerature heads that limit the flow of the coolant heat carrier from the boiler, and consequently, the heating of air in the garage at the moment when the air temperature reaches 5c.
Among the manufacturers of convectors and wall-mounted tubular radiators should be noted by Jaga (Belgium), "Isotherm", "KZTO" (Russia). The technical solution on the basis of this equipment (heating devices, eyeliner + installation) will cost the customer in the amount of up to $ 300 per 1kw thermal power. Kkotl "Water" fan heaters, heat curtains, convectors and radiators are connected through the collector cabinet built into the garage wall, from which along the shortest path to heating devices in the thickness of the floor concrete tie or under falsely, feed and return pipelines are laid (most often metal-polymer).
Heated electricity
You can damn the garage during the entire cold period using direct electrical heating devices. Watch premises are allowed to use the power supply voltage of 220V (we are on unhelderous dry garages used for storing good cars, and not about homemade warehouses in which, in addition to the machine, there are barrels with gasoline and other flammable liquids). Of course, the wires must be stretched into grounded metal pipes, the reinforcement should be moisture-proof, and the switches are hermetic. Integration of the conditions of fire and electrical safety, the flow of current into the heated room must be carried out through the switch or automatic located outside the garage. The use of electrical installation, most likely, will not be able to make up the network voltage should be maximum 36V.For air heating, the garage is used Stationary electric thermal guns and Electric thermal curtains (We wrote about this equipment in the article
"The cradle of warm winds").
Available Heating garage using wall electroconvectors . Just like convectors for "water" heating systems, electroconvectors in the garage are better installed in wall niches, behind removable screens. Together with the electroconvectors, the floor system of electrical heating on the basis of the heating cable laid in the floor screed can be used. "warm floor" ). The cable turns the free surface of the floor into one large low-temperature heating device, which provides maintenance in the garage of the desired temperature (5C).
All electrothelates are equipped with thermostats (electronic or bimetallic), which provide accurate maintenance of the room temperature. Temperature 5C, as a rule, corresponds to the non-freezing mode, which is on most thermostats. One such device is usually able to manage a group of electrical heaters.
Ready-made equipment sets To create an outdoor electric heating system are supplied to the market by Ceilhit (Spain), Alcatel (Norway), Kima (Sweden), DE-VI (Denmark), Siemens (Germany), Ensto (Finland). Among Russian producers, it is worth noting the company "SST", "Chuvashkabel", "Terma" and "Eltech Electronics". The cost of basic equipment (cable or heating mat + thermostat) for a garage of 20m2 - from $ 300 to $ 500. Convectors are supplied to Russia with Stiebel Eltron (Germany), Delonghi (Italy), Atlantic, Supra, Thermor Noirot (France), Nobo, Siemens, Ensto, Frico. The cost of these devices is $ 80-150 for 1kW of electrical power. Stationary thermal guns are mainly produced abroad. The Veab (Sweden), Pyrox (SYSTEMAIR), FRICO are offered. The devices of this type together with the automation system and installation will cost $ 100-300 per 1kW of the installed power.
Heat by request
For example, in garages often use highly efficient Indirect heating heaters working on diesel fuel or kerosene . The garage, even unheated, they warm up in just a few minutes. With power from 10-20 kW, these devices consume only a few dozen watts of power, for the fan drive. Externally, very similar to the vintage pirate guns, whose fautles (that is, the fuel tank) stands on small wheels. The advantage of these devices is that fuel combustion products from them do not enter the room, and are removed by chimney into the street. The air flow passes through the space between the walls of the heat exchanger and, heating, heads through the nozzle into the room.
The process of operation of such devices is fully automated, the fuel supply is designed for 15-16 hours of continuous action. To maintain in the premises of a given temperature, you can install a remote thermostat. The signals from it come to the control unit to turn on-off the heater depending on the air temperature in the room. Among the manufacturers of liquid fuel heaters of indirect heating should be noted Master (USA), Remington (Netherlands), "Dome" (Russia). The price of equipment is $ 10-60 per 1 kW of its thermal power.
Very popular in garages Portable oil-filled electrical radiators . Imported oil radiators are worth $ 45-150. For the Russian market, such devices are supplied by Vitek (Austria), Tesy (Bulgaria), EWT, Siemens (Germany), Delonghi, General, Omas (Italy), Eco (Finland), Polaris, Binatone (United Kingdom), Whirlpool (USA). Among the Russian manufacturers of "Maslenok", I would like to mention the "beam", "electrotherm", "Orion", "ERMPB".
For temporary zonal heating of the garage successfully apply Stationary ceiling infrared electrical appliances . These devices are not heated by air, but the surrounding items (floor, car body), and already heat is transferred to the room itself. Very suitable for heating a separate workplace. When a man in the garage is located near the infrared appliance, its skin feels higher temperature than the ambient temperature. The "felt" temperature consists of a real temperature that persists away from the heater, and the so-called "radiation" supplement, the value of which can be 10C and even more. Potentially it is possible to use infrared electrical instruments to create permanent heating system that is permanent during the entire heating season. However, it is not entirely clear how over time the constant effect of infrared radiation will be reflected in the state of the paint coating of the car body.
If the ceiling height is no more than 2-2.5 m and intensive heating, it is not necessary above the heated zone (for example, above the workmen) can be placed low-temperature infrared heaters (the temperature of the heating element - up to 200 ° C). They are embedded square cassettes in the ceiling. High-temperature infrared heaters (the temperature of the heating element 200-750c) is attached to the ceiling or suspend on the cables at an altitude of more than 3m. Such a device is formed from a rectangular metal case, in which heating elements with mirrored metal reflectors are fixed.
Today in Russia you can buy IR heaters and foreign, and domestic firms. Among the manufacturers of Fenix (Czech Republic), Ecoline, Moven (Russia), EWT, FRICO, Pyrox. Imported equipment is more expensive than domestic 1.5-2 times. In general, the variation of the price is from $ 50 to $ 200 for 1kW power.
Electrocoon can be used in the individual garage water heating system
Modern water convector (a) and tubular radiator (b)
With reliable power supply and thermal insulation in the garage, electroconvets are used. So as a result of a careless maneuver, do not damage the heating devices, you can install them in the niches in the walls and close the screens
From a windward side
We want to emphasize that the ventilation system is necessary in any garage, regardless of whether it is heated or not. The system of natural ventilation, as a rule, is provided in garages of unheated or heated periodically. Built-in and attached heated garages of cottages are better equipped with a more efficient and predictable mechanical ventilation system.
The performance of the natural ventilation system of the garage depends on three factors. The first and most important is the difference between the temperatures of the outer (atmospheric) and internal air. VGARAZH, especially after a machine with a "heated" engine was supplied, the temperature is always noticeably higher than outside. The heavier fresh air enters the building of the gravity of the supply grilles, as well as through the slots under and between the shutters, and displaces less dense warm air through the exhaust pipe.
The second factor difference in the pressure of the air column between the air supply point and the exhaust device (deflector) installed on the roof. The minimum difference in the height between the air intake area in the room (the installation level of the supply grilles) and its release (the level of the exhaust pipe is the level of the exhaust pipe) should be 3m.
And finally, the third factor is the wind pressure. The sides of the garage are obtained (addressed to the wind) of the garage, and from the leaded sides, and often on the roofing pressure. Therefore, the intake lattices are intelligently located from the main direction of the wind roses. The stronger the wind, the higher its pressure on the lattice and the more air will be included in the room.
The main disadvantage of the system of natural ventilation of the garage is that its work depends on variable factors: air temperature, direction and wind speed. It is not surprising that in summer such systems are often ineffective.
Mechanical ventilation systems require the use of specific ventilation (fans, heaters, automation devices) and consume relatively many electricity. However, they do not depend on nature whims and are capable of guaranteed (of course, if there is an energy supply), ensure the air exchange in the garage required to be reduced to the state of the surrounding air.
The simplest and democratic decision is Mechanical ventilation system with natural influx of fresh air and active exhaust . In essence, it combines natural and mechanical ventilation. Adly of its full functioning requires only a few dozen watts of electrical power, to rotate the fan electric motor. But even if the power supply of the garage is temporarily interrupted, such a system will partially retain its performance.
Support grilles similar to those used in the system of natural ventilation (preferably from steel - they are more likely to protect the garage from the vandals) are placed at the bottom of the gate or on the side walls of the garage so that fresh air blows the bottom and body of the machine. True, at a similar arrangement, snow and moisture can fall through the lattices to the room. To get rid of this unwanted phenomenon, the air intake in the system of mechanical exhaust ventilation with a natural influx can be carried out through a special air intake column (often made by the tinsmith right at the installation site) with a height of approximately 2m. It is fixed on the outer wall or is installed at some distance from the garage and is associated with the air canal.
To remove from the premises of the exhaust air, an electric axial fan is used with a protective (preferably resistant to vandalism) with a grid. It is fixed in the opening on one of the walls of the garage (if possible in the top of the wall). The second option is an exhaust fan on the roof (for its installation you will have to equip a warmed sealed node of the passage through the roof; when operating, you must not forget to clean its surface from snow).
Hospital, in a mechanical ventilation system with a natural influx (however, as in the natural ventilation system), the cold air enters the room without preheating. This can lead to local garage overcooling. In addition to all, the air injected into the room is not subjected to pre-cleaning from dust.
Listed flaws are practically deprived Mechanical ventilation system, in which the influx of fresh air and removing the exhaust (recycling) garage is carried out by independent mechanical devices and exhaust installations. which are combined only at the level of control and software management.
Supply unit The garage is usually assembled from individual elements (modules). Fresh street air enters the room through the wall located on the wall (at level 2-3m from the ground) air intake grille. On the ventilation channel (flexible air duct), the stream is sent to the supply unit consisting of a module of the cassette filter (passing through it, the air is cleaned from dust), the fan and the electrocalorifer module following it (which, if necessary, heats the trim air to the temperature 5c). Instead of electric it is possible to use a water canopy connected to a heating boiler. Thanks to the air heating function, the supply unit is partially (and sometimes completely) takes on the heating functions.
The heated air flow comes along a flexible air duct to the air distribution device. It is a steel tube laid on the floor, in which the gaps can be done to supply air under the bottom of the car and to its sides are or installed overhead air distribution grilles. To exclude drafts, the distribution of the supply air can be organized with one or two vertical perforated air distribution columns.
Exhaust installation in the garage - This is an axial fan with a protective lattice in the wall. You can, for example, use a two-speed fan. At low speed, it provides removal from the premises of the exhaust air in the standard (calculated) mode. The second velocity can be activated by the automation system, by signal from the carbon monoxide sensor CO, in case of exceeding its maximum permissible concentration in the garage.
You can purchase a supply unit not separate elements, but assembly ( Monoblock ). Then the air filter, a fan and an electric heater, will be combined in it at the manufacturer's factory. The advantage of monoblock facilities is that all elements included in their composition are consistent and placed in a noise absorbing case. You can only connect the air ducts. The disadvantage is the value of such an installation (it costs somewhat more expensive than the modular principle assembled).
Another interesting and very promising type of monoblock ventilation systems for use in large garages- Supply-exhaust plants with a plate heat recuperator . Vortex and exhaust fans are mounted, electric calorifer for heating fresh air and filters. However, the main highlight of this technique, its heart-plate recovery, in which the heat of the air flow passed through the flow passing through the installation is transmitted. The result is not required to "drive" the heater of the supply air at full capacity is only in severe frosts. The plate heat recuperator allows to significantly reduce the cost of heating the incoming flow in winter, but in severe cold it often frosts, temporarily (for several minutes or hours per day) losing its "disability." Real savings can be approximately 50% (for example, for electricity instead of 100,000 rubles. It will be necessary to pay 5000 rubles per year). For supplying and removing air in the case of the use of a supply and exhaust installation with a plate recovery, you will have to shift two independent network of supply and exhaust air ducts.
Among Ventilation Equipment Manufacturers (Fans, Filters, Heaters, Lattices, Support and Supply Extensions) We note Systemair, Ostberg, PM-LUFT (Sweden), Remak (Czech Republic), Maico Ventilatoren, Rosenberg, Trox (Germany), Dec ( Netherlands), IMP Klima (Slovenia), Xpelair. For a garage for one machine (volume, from 60 to 80 cubic meters) The cost of a technical solution (equipment, consumables, sales) is: for natural ventilation - from $ 50 to $ 200, for a system with an exhaust fan - up to $ 400, in the case of ventilation equipment The basis of the compound from the supply modules is $ 1000-1500. Costs for the improvement of the ventilation system based on the supply and exhaust installation (actual equipment, air ducts, hard drive and installers IDR) range from $ 2,500 to $ 5,000. The lower limit of prices relates to technical solutions implemented on the basis of domestic equipment, the upper limit for the use of foreign trade techniques.