Attic in a country house - how to make a small room under the roof warm and comfortable.
It should be placed in advance and the appointment of indoors of the attic. The bedroom window usually orient east, the window of the living room - west, the cabinet window - north
The two-story tower is not only an architectural decoration, in the neo-ladder on the attic
The space under the roof can accommodate both a residential premises and a loggia. Flat warmed ceiling are often mounted above them.
The cheapest way of insulation of the floor: from below, the insulation is closed from the penetration of moisture by pergamin or polyethylene
After laying the insulation in the design of the inclined ceiling, it is closed with vapor insulation and sewn - most often "lining". Seams between the cloths of vapor insulation material should be tape
When building a house with an attic, a practical homeowner provides a separate room-lit room for installing a staircase, with a playground before entering the attic. The walls of the attic, isolated from the bar, do not need in the trim
By sharing the planms of attic partitions, it is necessary to take into account the location of the windows, and the height of the ceilings, and the location of the stairs. Ladder opening fence in railings
The walls of the attic can be inspired, as well as the whole house - outside, and the rods of the roof only from the inside
Often, the hearing windows have the glazing area less than 10% and do not give properly lighting
The attic prepared by the builders to further insulation - a vapor-permeable hydro and windproof membrane is laid on the rafter. Between the rafters will be laid down the plates of the insulation - they will keep "in space", friction force
For warm attic in the opening on the balcony or loggia, they put a warmed door and windows, at a minimum, with double glazing. You can install triangular windows near the balcony door
Attic does not need additional insulation, if the whole house is built using ECO PAN technology from frame panels and modules. Dersighted glazing in this case can be quite large area
The highly located window contributes to the maximum insolation. Kterotlocherpice (Rannila, Finland) need outdoor salary of the same color
Inclined mansard windows can be supplemented with vertical facade elements with window sills. Through them are clearly seen not only the sky, but also the surroundings of the house. AV room will be lighter
A high pointed multicate roof has a two-level attic to the creation of a two-level attic. Inside set compact label, screw or attic stairs
Attic, sheathed from the inside by plasterboard, looks very modern
She invented French-gradious and romantic. Even in XVIIV. "Why disappear in the attic?" Francois Mansar thought and designed such a "broken" roof, under which, at the very top of the house, you can live. Housing and called attic. There are a lot of light, and artists love it, she is closer to the stars - and poets love it, it is the cheapest accommodation - shelter the poor lovers. The attic to the Montmartre, where Paul-Paris can be seen from their windows, but they are quite a lot in the Russian village. For a long time, all housing under the roof is numbered by the attic. Dullness, and mezzanine. There are attics, of which, with all the desire, the attic do not arrange, but still most of the attic spaces are quite suitable for insulating and equip them.
My attic - ah. Not a fairy tale
Her window ivy did not hide.
Total old smear
Seen between the logs of rafters.
Theophile guilder
(Translation of Nikolai Gumileva)
When do it?
The transformation of the area under the roof of non-residential in the living room is very profitable, because so, with relatively low cost, you can get an additional useful space in the house. Mansards are summer (not insulated or weakly insulated) or winter (well insulated and, as they say suitable for year-round residence). So faring down the top floor of the house, you can reduce heat loss and, it means to reduce the specific costs of heating. Well, if the creation of a residential attic is included in the construction of the house. In this case, you can, remove the building, immediately insulate the roof of the future attic. But often, when there is not enough money for it, they are simply coming and far-sighted such a attic that can be insulated from the inside subsequently, without sacrificing the roof. Experienced builders will suggest working in two stages with a break per year. First, the house "under the roof" will be erected, and in a year it will be insulated and separated. After all, the supporting structures of the new building, the foundation and walls, giving an inevitable shrinkage during the first year, pulled out any inner and exterior decoration. Ivot is already on the ne-crack, curvature, gaps. Almost lungs are not subject to shrinkage, mobile structural structures, built on Canadian (American) technology.Not every attic ...
We have repeatedly wrote about the problems of thermal insulation, told about thermal insulation, roofing, hydro and vapor insulation materials used in construction (
"Thermal insulation is the necessary savings", "New 'clothing" for the house ",
"Secrets of a quiet house",
"The warmth of your home",
"Roof, roofing, roofing" pie "). Wrdied the same case to prevent that building a house and planning to make a living space under the roof, it is necessary, first of all, take care to make the ceiling of the future attic at the highest location to be at least 2.5m . If the horizontal screeds of the rafter are set substantially below, such a attic into the attic no longer turning the screeds higher will be impossible, without weakening the carrying capacity of the roof, and insert them in the interior is too expensive. Recall that the section and step rafters need to be calculated, and The design only slightly depends on the selected roof material. So, according to the calculation, the step of the rafter under the metal tile is 1M, then it will be 80cm under significantly heavier genuine tiles. The main landmark in these calculations is the snow load (say, nominally 100kg / m2 in Moscow and Moscow region and 200kg / m2 in the Perm region). If the overlaps and rafting structures are not sufficiently reliable to arrange a residential second level, They need to strengthen. For example, put additional overlap beams, and the rafter structures link metal parts.
If you have conceived to build and insulate the attic in two stages, then during construction work on the roof crate necessarily needs to be put down the undercase waterproofing. Otherwise, after the roof is mounted, without its dismantling, the attic of the waterproofing is no longer told. From atmospheric moisture, the design is capable of saving both cheap materials (rubberoid, hydroisol, synthetic rubber "Tekton"), and more expensive ("Izosan A", diffusion membranes "Yutafol D", "Yutafol DTB", anti-condensate films "Yutakon", URSA SECO 1000, TYVEK). They are fixed to the claw bars with a thickness of at least 50mm. Thus, after mounting the roof between it and waterproofing, a ventilated clearance is formed. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account that cheap materials are countertalized and will prevent steam outlet from the insulation. So it will be necessary to build another ventilated gap between waterproofing and insulation, as if you were used by a more expensive steamproof film URSA SECO Storm or Yutafol N. If the underpants waterproofing is made competently, with a ventilated gap, in the future the attic can be converted not only in the cold, but also into the sheard attic. If the waterproofing was not used (for example, slate put directly to the crate) - this is worse, although also occurs. Then, so as not to disassemble the roof, you can only go on one way: put the protective film from the inside, closing the entire crate from below and strengthening the film between the rafters at a distance of 50mm from the crate. At the same time, it is true that the "risk zone" is preserved - the upper planes of the rafted and the draft clamp are not protected from outer moisture. They will be ventilated if the roof is wavy, and overheat if its flat material arrives closely.
Exit, when when insulation, dismantle the roof over the attic is not possible, it should be done at the first convenient case (for example, during the replacement of the roof material better). And here, it is not necessary to supply the crate to relying underwater waterproofing. At the same time, keep in mind that the waterproofing mounted on the draft clamp should not be closed on the skate- need to leave the airflow the opportunity to freely go out of it. Swinging roofs should be carried out through a cross-cutting method, from the cornice to the skit, through the air layer. In practice, given the significant slope of the air canal in the scanty structures, which contributes to the movement of air, the thickness of the air "product" can be at least 40-50 mm (both between the waterproofing and the inverse side of the roof and between the surface of the insulation and the surface of the waterproofing).
Punching of the crates can be used so-called ventilated runs. This hot-dip galvanized profile (altitude is 32mm, width - 45-50mm) is available in the form of a period of 2, 4 and 6m. The profile form makes it strong enough, and perforation improves the ventilating effect, which allows to remove condensate from the roof (or the facade, if siding or other ventilated design is mounted).
The traditional location of the insulation zones of the enclosing structures of the attic such:
Fronton;
vertical areas on the low walls of the attic (up to 1.2 m), if the walls are provided;
horizontal sites on the attic overlap;
Inclined areas repeating the bias of the roof.
Before starting the insulation of the attic, pay attention to the internal structures. If necessary, they will need to strengthen and even supplement. For example, the step of inclined enclosing structures-rafter can be so wide that it does not suit any of the existing sizes of insulation slabs. Then it should be provided between the rafters of the bars of an additional framework. Depending on the construction of a roof created during the construction of the construction, where either there are no horizontal screeds and vertical racks, you need to add one or other elements. For example, if there are no screeds, but it is planned to make a horizontal ceiling, on rafters, as a rule, strengthen the bars for its laying. If there are no racks, but it is planned to build the vertical walls of the attic, create a frame and for them. The base of the frame wall is two long run (timber), one of which is placed on the beams of overlapping, and the second is fixed to the rafters. Katim crossbars and join the racks of the walls of the walls (and the frame of partitions build 5050mm from bars vertically). In this case, the location of the boards "lining" is only horizontal. They are fixed galvanized nails. The final stage is the processing of tinting compositions.
A relatively simple option is possible, without the construction of walls and the ceiling. Then it only accounts for the frontones, the floor and rods of the roof.
The insulated roof of the attic consists of several layers. The structure of "cake" in principle looks like this:
Carrier construction - raftered.
On the rafylaxhenet and roofing (with underpot waterproofing and underpants).
Between the rafters, at some distance from the crate, is the insulation, which is close to it, vapor-permeable hydraulic protection membrane (or slightly higher, at some distance from the surface of the insulation - an anti-condensate film under the roof of metal or ondulin).
Under the insulation, close to it - steamproofing (film that does not transmit pairs from the bottom inside the insulation). It is pressed by the inner crates, which are nailed to the rafters.
Completes "Pie" Mansard Finishing Material (Osserving). If under the trim, on the insulation, instead of a conventional vapor barrier film, there is a foil heat-reflective vapor barrier, the finishing material is fixed at a short distance (2-5 cm) from the foil surface.
"Warm Pie"
Insuccessing attic, in no case should not be forgotten about the condensation phenomenon. Indeed, in the cold season, moisture from warm air inside the room rises and settles on cold elements of structures (first of all, roofs). The result is formed condensate. Which is colder on the street, the fact of the effect is stronger. The accumulated condensate may turn out so much that the moisture will be dripped down into the room, which will be similar to the roof. AB Winter time, condensate, which gathered on the structures of the rafter, in the insulation and on the inside of the roof, turns into ice. Do I need to say that the wet insulation is worse than holding heat, and rotten wet wooden parts are covered with fungus and mold? By the way, they are not bad for the start of work with the antiseptic composition (for example, Pinotex, "Sezhezh" IDR).So the main problem is not only the installation of the insulation itself, but also:
Fighting the penetration into the insulation of water vapor, which are contained in indoor air;
Removal from insulation of those vapors that still penetrated it;
Fighting in the insulation of moisture outside (stiffening under the roof of snow and rain, education on the back of the roof of condensate droplets flowing back into the insulation);
Protecting the insulation from the wind, which blows heat, in it accumulated (this is especially important for "fluffy" mineral insulation with a fibrous structure).
To solve these problems, steam, hydro, windproof coatings are used. "Parobarrier" (for example, a steam barrier film URSA SECO 400, 500) is mounted from the bottom of the insulation, on the side of the room, and the already mentioned hydro and windproof is fixed in such a way that it will be over insulation - between it and the roof. Waterproofing materials that protect the insulation from water and blowing outside and do not interfere with the evaporation of it moisture - these are low-resistance films. Among them can be called products such as Monarflex (Monarflex, Denmark), Eurofolq140 (Braas, Germany), Tyvek (Du Pont, United States), Elfoil 110 D Spesial (Eltete, Finland), Yutafol D110 (Juta, Czech Republic). Some of them require a certain location when installing.
Note that the thermal insulation material protects not only from the cold, but also from the summer heat. Through the heated heated, the air is very heated. Thus, on a non-insulated attic of the summer day is hot and stuffy, as in a greenhouse, especially if the roofing is metallic. Insulation work and as a sound insulation, turning the "drum fight" of a rainfall in a quiet rust.
Many things you are interested in, their choice is truly huge. Warring attic, you need, without getting lost in the proposed assortment, choose those of them that are most likely to you. That is, it is designed for the insulation of the oblique roof of the attic and its walls from the inside, and even actually apply in country conditions. Here, in addition to the ability of the material to delay heat, it is necessary to take into account its availability, the considerations of fire safety, the convenience of installation, durability of the service and, of course, the price. If we talk about a real situation, then, for example, in the Moscow region, focusing on the norms of 2000, with the insulation of the attic, usually laid thermal insulation from basalt or glass wool with a thickness of 150mm. You can also be insulated with an eco-art and various synthetic materials, such as foam, polyethylene foam IT.D. But there are many nuances associated with the design, the slope of the surface, the density of the insulation of IT.D. We will tell you the choice of material in the next article.
Paul, ceiling, walls and partitions
For insulation of the floor of the attic, that is, overlaps between the attic and the floor under it, you need 10-15 cm insulation from mineral or glass gambled. But, before you lay it, between the beams of overlapping (on the boards, which will cover the ceiling of the underground floor) it is necessary to lay vaporizolation. The insulation is placed on top, filling them all the space between the beams and not leaving the slots. If you do not use mats, but stoves, then disintegrates too tightly squeezed plates whose size is greater than the gap between the beams. From above on the beams lay a gender board. The attachment of the attic occupies not the entire area of overlapping the upper floor, since the side walls are not located in the plane of the outer wall, and at some distance from it (it is determined, as a rule, the set points of the racks under rafyles). The overlap area between the attic wall and the cornese is also necessary to be insulated and close the floorboard.
Mansardov's frontones, if it is frame structures, covered outside, insulate the same way as any other frame wall, - insulation plates are placed from the inside of the room, between the bars of the frame, on the pre-attached waterproofing (preferably vapor-permeable). It may turn out that the thickness of the BRUSEV frame is less than the thickness of the insulation layer. In this case, it is impossible to squeeze the insulation. They come differently: build up the bars of the frame with additional bars (they are fixed with screws). After laying the insulation, the wall is completely covered with a vapor polyethylene film. It is attached to the frame. Instead of a plastic film on all insulated pieces of attic, the wall, the ceiling, rot- can be token (or isobubble from Bubble Foam Industries, Belgium) - rolled polyethylene foam, coated with a foil layer (this layer inside the room). The material will act as an additional insulation, and foil- and both vaporizolation, and as reflective thermal insulation. The foam fastened, pressing to the frame of the bars, on which the final layer is then assembled. It's all about the gap, which is formed between the foil and the inside of the trim, is necessary for a full reflective effect. Do not forget: if the trim is fixed to the foil close, the effect will disappear.
If the frontones are folded from a bar, logs, bricks, foam concrete, etc., structures can be improved quite effectively both from the inside and (more efficiently) outside.
Outdoor insulation scheme: 1st wall; 2 warehouse; 3- insulation; 4- waterproofing; 5- trim ("Lining", siding, panels).
From the inside the frontaths and the outer walls of the attic can be inspired as follows: 1-wall; 2 - windproof film (if a wall of timber or logs); 3- horizontal frame of 2525mm bars (5 belts through 55cm); 4- insulation (between carcass bar); 5 warehouse; 6- "Lining" laid vertically.
For the equipment of the attic, it is advisable to use the easiest materials and create structures, which is minimal. After all, it is necessary to facilitate the delivery of materials on the top level, and, most importantly, minimize the increase in the load on all elements of the existing house, which will inevitably happen.
Depending on the degree of inclination of the roof, the low sidewalls separated by a wall or an attic bulkhead are formed under its module, which is based on racks under rafyles. According to the requirements of SNIPA 2.08.01-89, in determining the area of the attic, the area of the room is taken into account with a height of 30-1.5 m, with a bias of 45-1.1 m, with a bias of 60 or more than 0.5m. At the same time, the minimum height of the wall should be 1.2m with a bias of the ceiling in 30 and 0.8m at 45; at 60 and no longer limited. The sidewalls formed behind the walls can be used very diverse- as utility rooms, storage systems, to install built-in furniture (in the latter case, the sidewalls must be insulated, like the entire attachment of the attic).
Inside the frame of the walls are layered insulation (for example, fiberglass ORSA plates). The sides side is closed with a pergamin, on the other, a type of TYVEK type. On top we are "clapboard". If you are going to decide the septum of attic plasterboard and paint or dust with wallpaper, under such a decoration you need to mount a metal frame (according to the technology from Knauf, Russia). Inside the frame also lay the insulation slabs, which serves and sound insulation.
The same "warm pie", which is usually mounted on the inclined rods, and on the flat ceiling of the attic. Only provide for this hatch through which all the layers of the cake are placed. It is possible to complete it with a flooring from the boards, because the attic space is formed on the attic, which can be used as a storage system. If the active exploitation of the newly educated attic room above the attic, then the screed must be strengthened. If the building design allows, you can create a two-level attic under the "warm roof".
Mansard windows
Light and air can penetrate the attic of the attic through several types of windows: located on the front alone and in the plane of the roof, through the hearing windows of various designs (quadrangular, oval, pointed, "bat"), through the windows of the loggia or opening, leading to the balcony finally , through the windows embedded in the roof design.Easier others are mounted in the existing roof of the attic windows located in its plane. It has been proven that the inclined window facing the sky gives 40% more light than the auditory of the same size. Dersighted windows can be installed on the roofs of different slope - from 15 to 90. Today, many companies are offered by many companies: Roto Frank (Germany), Velux (Denmark), Fakro (Poland), Tegola (Italy) IDR. Dersighted windows are usually mounted at an altitude of 110 to 205cm above the floor, it is desirable for heating devices to avoid the appearance of condensate windows. The design itself can be a swing, rotary eaves, represent a window-hatch or a folding fraamugue, which serves not only for filling the room with light and air, but also for the exits on the roof.
The total weight of the mounted structures is important, so that the increased load on the crate and rafters does not exceed the source project values. It is also necessary to consider that the installation of some models is tied to the construction of the rafter, while others can be strengthened and simply on the crate (Roto Frank). An important thing to recognize the number of window locking points. Huscing, unlike conventional glass, shockproof tempered glass of light glazing of mansard windows is very firmly and withstands a significant load, choosing a model, it is worth providing and the ability to replace its glass package, and the cost of this event. The frames and boxes of the attic windows are protected by metal lining, and the joints with the roof over the perimeter of the box are thoroughly indulgered and closed by salary. It makes sense to choose a model in which the design for ventilation is ventilation slots.
Most different systems for opening such windows are possible. Optimal is the location of the handles at a height of 185-205cm from the floor. The system is most common and convenient at which the window can be rotated relative to its central horizontal axis. Models of different manufacturers differ significantly from each other. For example, if the design design from Velux leads to this location of the windows so that the maximum surroundings are convenient from them, the Roto Frank design involves maximum illumination (insolving) of the attic room, due to the higher level of their installation.
Marching, screw, attic
Working out the project of the ladder leading to the attic room should take into account the planning of this room. It depends on the location of the staircase in the interoard overlap and the staircase design itself. Basic requirements for nestiness, safety, convenience, sufficient throughput width when lifting tops of furniture and moving people. The optimal slope of the staircase is 45. The width of the steps should be at least 28-30cm, this is especially important for a safe descent. Stage height make no more than 20 cm.
It is advisable to use the most compact stairs to use the most compact stairs to use the most compact staircases, or "with a rotation". Waich options are no intermediate sites for recreation, which take away space. Steps makes sense to do well. Sampling the width of the overall steps should, according to the norms, to form at least 100mm. In order for people going to meet each other, the width of the staircase must be at least 900mm. The main staircase on the attic is often duplicated by the "assistant" - a second light and more compact design (trapping, screw or even inlet, like a stepladder; the staircase "duck step" or, in the end, a folding attic staircase). They are made as compact - 12-15 steps. One part of the staircase is attached to the interlets, and the other two remain movable, folding like a transformer. Screw structures allow saving area. Screw stairs, having a reference interior rod, especially popular and cottage construction. This is a very stable system. Each step is rotated around the axis relative to the previous on 22-23.
The entire surface of wooden stairs (steps, risers, railing, balusters) is customary to decorate, covering protective-decorative impregnation and varnishes. One should only consider that if the coverage is dark, then the scratches on it will immediately rush into the eyes. Usually, for vertical structures, you choose such a finish, as well as for the walls of the lower room, then the staircase visually combines and the room seems more spacious.
1- covering the ceiling of the lower room;
2-beam overlap;
3 warehouse;
4- insulation;
5- Remote Bars
1- insulation;
2- vapor-permeable membrane;
3- brus of fastening;
4- lowering bar;
5- Stropile foot;
6- doomle
A- disgraced mansard;
Bashed mansard;
1- insulation;
2 warehouse;
3- ventilated clearance
1 is plasterboard;
2- screed rafter;
3- Mounting Ceiling Luc
1- lining;
2- doom;
3 warehouse;
4- insulation;
5-membrane vapor-permeable;
6-bars;
7 - cut-down dryer;
8 - waterproofing;
9-roofing;
10- Stropile Noga
The editors thanks the company "Country House", Roto FRANK, "Country Real Estate Center", "Monolith 1991" group for help in the preparation of material.