What information are needed in order to draw up an ecological picture of the area of interest to you? Where to get them and how much will it cost?
You have gathered to change the place of residence. How not to make mistakes and not be in an ecologically unfavorable place? Where to get information about the ecology of the city, district? We will try to answer these questions.
It is obvious that moving to another city-measure emergency, dictated by some serious family or official circumstances. Discussing the problems of this kind is not quite correct and probably useless. Therefore, we assume that you have conceived to move within your city, although let's say a few words and about the ecology of different settlements of Russia.
So, most likely, you will begin search for new housing from the choice of the area. We hope that the environmental factor will take in this process not last place after low prices, convenience of location and good infrastructure - unconditionally, weighty arguments. Then the algorithm is simple. First you choose an environmentally friendly area. Then are defined with the house. What kind of information will require where to get it and how much will it cost?
Ecology of the Area
The environmental picture of the area of interest to you can be collected by collecting information on the following points:the presence of large highways and industrial facilities;
level of content in the atmosphere of harmful substances;
The number of green plants per capita;
Radiation atmosphere.
If the location of the motorways can you determine the city map itself, and in the presence or absence of greenery to make sure, arriving at the place, then with the rest of these items is somewhat more complicated. For an objective picture of the ecological status of the district, accurate proven information is needed, which is not always easy to get. We were convinced, trying to learn about the radiation and atmospheric pollution of various areas of Moscow. Having introduced by simple residents of the city, we tried to contact some of the ecological organizations of the capital, whose analogues exist in large cities, regional and regional centers of Russia.
Availability of information about the state of the environment in various federal ministries and departments
| Environmental object | Organization | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CE | Gm | SE | ETC | Land | Forest | Sel. | P | Stat | |
| Condition / Pollution Wednesday | |||||||||
| Air | W. | W. | W. | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Water | W. | W. | W. | W. | - | - | W. | W. | - |
| Soil | W. | W. | W. | V. | W. | - | W. | - | - |
| Vegetation | W. | W. | - | - | - | W. | W. | - | - |
| Animal world | W. | W. | - | - | - | - | W. | - | - |
| Emissions / Waste | |||||||||
| Ware. Emissions | W. | W. | W. | - | - | - | - | W. | W. |
| Discharges of wastewater | W. | W. | W. | - | - | - | - | W. | W. |
| Solid waste | W. | - | W. | - | - | - | - | W. | W. |
| Hazardous waste | W. | - | W. | V. | - | - | - | - | W. |
| Radioactive waste | W. | W. | W. | V. | - | - | - | - | W. |
| Protection and recovery | |||||||||
| Air | W. | - | W. | - | - | - | - | - | W. |
| Water | W. | - | W. | W. | - | - | - | - | W. |
| Soil | W. | - | W. | - | W. | - | - | W. | W. |
| Minerals. | - | - | - | W. | - | - | - | - | - |
| Vegetation | W. | - | - | - | - | W. | - | W. | W. |
| W-significant amount of information V- Limited Information / Selected Questions Reduction: CE State Committee of the Russian Federation for Ecology; GM Rosgidromet; Sensane Epidadzor; PR- Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation; Landcommecration; Lesselleshoz; Seld lowland; Stroystroy; State Complex. |
As for the radiation background, it is controlled by the enterprise Radon in Moscow. And although there are many radiation hazardous objects in the capital and area and a large number of waste has been accumulated, as a whole, as follows from the statements of its employees, the radiation picture is quite prosperous. The values of gamma-background in different parts of Moscow fluctuate in the range of 7-14 μR / h. In addition to these words, we provided a kind of map with districted areas and radioactive background.
We set out to find out the official digit of the maximum permissible value of the gamma background (intensity of radiation of the gamma particles), but as experts "Radon" explained to us, there are no legislatively approved norms. It is believed only that the value of the natural background 20-30 MKP / h is acceptable to life. If indicators for one reason or another exceed 30 μR / h (in the case of the close location of the specialized research and development of radioactive waste), the background is necessarily checked by specialists in each individual case.
Thinking that useful information can be extracted from medical statistics from diseases prevailing in different parts of Moscow (it was assumed to associate the overall picture of the incidence with the environmental condition of these areas), we turned to the district polyclinics of the city. It turned out that it was almost impossible to get such information not only for ordinary residents, but also for journalists. Hearing our question, almost all the clinics immediately threw the phone or said: "Do not fool our head." Wtem medical facilities where they managed to talk with the Chief Physician, we were sent to the Bureau of Medical Statistics of the County or to the Office of Health County. But there they were clear to us to understand that such information ordinary citizens were not available.
In the center of GosanaPidadzor of Moscow and in the CGSAN one of the districts of the capital, we decided to get information about the content of harmful substances in the atmosphere of some areas of the city. And in the city, and in the district center this information is paid. You can order an official help by pre-writing a letter addressed to the main doctor of the SES. Prices for such services, we never learned, because everyone who communicated with us, one way or another tried to get around this issue. However, help also tried. They gave personal advice on the choice of the district, answered in detail the questions, recommended the structures in which you can contact to accelerate cases.
In the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology, we tried to learn about the ecological situation in Yekaterinburg. It is not only in detail about each of the areas of the city, but also gave phones in the Yekaterinburg hydromete division to receive official references there. At the same time, allowed to refer to the surname of the metropolitan specialist.
After a long weary, we found out that the most competent question of the Organization Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (CGMS). Here you can easily order a certificate of contamination of the atmosphere in each particular area of each particular city. Next, we headed to the Moscow Center for Hydrometeorology, which has the most complete information about the pollution of the capital air. MOSTSGMS conducts observations on 35 stationary posts and controls the content in the atmosphere of the capital of 27 impurities. The center is analyzed daily and processing information that comes from these posts. Its generalization is performed on the basis of data on one-time or average daily concentrations of harmful impurities. Therefore, learn about the state of air in the Moscow regions and how much the solution will cost this issue, we tried here.
As it turned out, in Moszgms, you can order a reduced, expanded and comparative reference about the condition of the atmosphere of the desired area.
Evaluating the ecological state of the city, specialists take into account a number of indicators. It is a tectonics of the terrain and the dissipating capacity of the atmosphere; the number of industrial enterprises and the degree of their danger; The number of transport per capita and the level of emissions in urban air. An important value in assessing air pollution by road has the characteristics of the state of the inner roads, their throughput and the average velocity of the transport movement. In addition to this, from this in different cities, with the same number of transport, a different amount of exhaust gases can be observed, and therefore different levels of air pollution. The increase in the number of diseases by bronchial asthma and chronic bronchitis, experts are directly binding to an increased concentration in the air of nitrogen dioxide impurities NO2, SO2 sulfur and carbon oxide, which are emissions of metallurgical, chemical and petrochemical industries.
Abbreviated certificate Contains information about the concentration of pollutants in atmospheric air, characteristic of a specific territory and obtained according to the data of the monitoring network monitoring of the GU "Moscow TSGMS-R". Performed for 1 day and costs 1500 rubles.
Extended certificate Contains:
Characteristics of the terrain;
information on the main sources of pollution (the name of the enterprise, the basic substances - pollutants emitted into the atmosphere) located within a radius of 1 km from the specified address;
information on the concentration of pollutants in atmospheric air (average daily, maximum-time), characteristic of the territory you are interested in and received according to the monitoring network monitoring network "Moscow TSGMS-R";
evaluation of air pollution with recommendations for the population;
information about the level of radiation pollution of soil and air;
The overall characteristics of positive and negative moments of residence in this area.
The term of execution is 3 days. The cost of the service is 3000 rubles.
Comparative reference will cost the same 3000 rubles. It contains a comparison of living conditions in two different areas based on the information provided in the extended reference. The term of execution is 3 days.
In addition, CGMS may conduct the following environmental surveys by order:
measurement of air pollution in residential areas with an assessment of the state of the air environment at specific addresses;
Integrated environmental survey (atmospheric air, surface waters, soil, snow cover, radiation) - sampling, analysis of the state, prediction of the level of pollution, calculation of damage.
As it is clear from our experience, it is not easy to learn anything in state bodies. Despite the fact that Article 42 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees citizens the right to reliable information about the environment, you must be prepared for what we actually encounter a variety of obstacles. Not all organizations willingly share the necessary information. The main thing for you is to show dedication and patience. And do not forget that, in addition to state, there are many private environmental organizations that are related to the federal structures listed and also have reliable data. You simply communicate with them: paying money, you can get information and spend special measurements. However, here and completely free to many your questions.
When choosing an apartment, it is necessary to take into account that internally, the ecology is also not very favorable or unfavorable. For example, the district of Perovo in Moscow is officially considered unfavorable, and the south-west district-environmentally friendly. But at the same time, buying an apartment, perhaps it is better to choose a house in Perovo, which is in the depths of residential building, next to the Kuskovsky Park and away from highways than a house in the south-western district, leaving the windows to Leninsky Prospect. Or another example. Despite the fact that the Alpine Street is located in the central, polluted area of the city of Sochi, she, according to residents, is considered one of the cleanest. Reason - in the rose of winds. Street is well blowing and therefore safe for living. Thus, considering the apartments offered to you for purchase, consider the specific location of the house in a particular area of the city.
Ecology "Places"
When meeting with real estate agent, remember: Your preparedness plus demands to the proposed option - the key to successful and correct selection of safe housing. A realtor, interested in selling apartments, will rather paint the advantages of the area in which it is located than its disadvantages. Therefore, you will have to extract reliable information about the status of the district.Choosing from those apartments that arrange you in a territorial location, price, proximity to the subway, etc., the only and unique, follow the following rules: one. Require for familiarizing the documents of the section "Environmental Protection and Sanitary and Hygiene Requirements", which are part of the project for the construction of the house.
Article 37 of the Federal Law "On Environmental Protection" states: "Construction and reconstruction of buildings, buildings, structures and other facilities should be carried out on approved projects that have positive conclusions of state environmental impact assessment, in compliance with environmental requirements, as well as sanitary and construction requirements, norms and rules. " It should be noted that the law does not indicate that the construction company is obliged to provide the listed documents to the buyer of the apartment. All documentation is the property of a construction company, and only on solving its leadership depends whether you can read this documentation. But if an investor-developer-respecting self and customer company, which takes into account their consumer rights, you are most likely allowed to make sure all permits and provide them to familiarize themselves.
We turned into a number of large construction companies, playing the role of potential buyers of housing, and asked to give to familiarize themselves with the section "Environmental Protection" as part of projects of houses of interest. Representatives of the companies answered that this request was answered that this request is easily fulfilled and all information for customers is available. Another thing is that by itself such a request caused some surprise. After talking with the sales managers, we found out that buyers are extremely rare with such requirements. AB of one of the largest companies in Moscow realtors did not remember a single similar case in their practice. True, we assured us that if the client still the desire to explore the project documentation, it will be fulfilled. No additional costs for this on your part will be required.
2. Check out the documentation of the section "Environmental Protection and Sanitary and Hygienic Requirements". If you are interested in choosing the most favorable area from the environmental point of view, it is they who are especially important for you and are valuable because they contain a lot of necessary information. The main thing is to figure it out.
List of cities with the highest level of air pollution (according to 2002 data)
| City | Substances that determine the high level of pollution of the city's atmosphere |
|---|---|
| Barnaul | BP, F, NO2 |
| Biisk | NO2, BP, F |
| Bratsk | NO2, BP, F, CS2 |
| Volgograd | NO2, BP, F, HF |
| Volgodonsk | NO2, BP, F |
| Volzhsky | NO2, BP, F |
| Yekaterinburg | NO2, BP, F, Acrolein |
| Irkutsk | NO2, BP, F, CO |
| Kemerovo | NH3, BP, F, CS2 |
| Komsomolsk- Amur | BB, NO2, BP, F |
| Krasnodar | Phenol, NO2, BP, F |
| Mound | BP, F. |
| Lipetsk | Phenol, NO2, BP, F |
| Magadan | NO, NO2, BP, F |
| Magnitogorsk | BB, NO2, BP, F |
| Moscow, southern part of the city | NO2, BP, F |
| Nevinnomyssk | BB, NO2, BP, F, HF |
| Nizhny Novgorod | BB, BP, F |
| Novokuznetsk | BB, NO2, BP, F |
| Novocherkassk | BB, NO2, BP, F, HF |
| Norilsk | BB, SO2, F, NO |
| Petropavlovsk- Kamchatsky | BP, F. |
| Rostov- don | NO2, BP, F, NO |
| Ryazan | NO2, F, CS2 |
| Saint Petersburg | BB, NO2, F, BP, NH3 |
| Tomsk | BP, F. |
| Ulan-Ude | Phenol, NO2, BP, F |
| Usolyst-Siberian | NO2, BP, BB |
| Ussuriysk | NO2, BP, BB |
| Khabarovsk | NO2, BP, F, BB |
| Chita | NO2, BP, F, BB |
| South Sakhalinsk | Saya, NO2, BP, F |
| F-formaldehyde; Renovated substances; BP Bezenz (a) Pyrene |
What does this section represent? A rather voluminous document consisting of a variety of subsections. The names of them will see immediately, barely opening the content. We give as an example the content of the document that is part of the construction project of one of the residential buildings in the South-Eastern District of Moscow. According to the Regulation on the Common Pre-project and project preparation in Moscow, it contains the following items:
1. Characteristics of the current state of the territory of the designed construction.
1.1. Location and modern use of the territory. Route observations.
1.2. Ecological and town planning situation.
1.3. Geological and geomorphological and hydrogeological conditions.
1.4. The state of vegetation cover.
1.5. The current state of soil cover.
1.6. Radiation security territory.
1.7. Air pool condition.
2. Forecast of environmental components.
2.1. The characteristic of the object of the designed construction and its environmental impact.
2.2. Protection of atmospheric air.
2.3. Protection and rational use of water resources.
2.4. Protection against noise.
2.5. Improvement and gardening of the territory.
2.6. Sanitary cleaning of the territory.
As can be seen from the content of the document that interests us consists of two blocks: in one, the state of the environment is reflected before the construction of construction, the future is the forecast for the future. According to such a scheme, the section is being developed for the construction of any home.
It should be noted that the basis of this document is a multitude of specific information and complex calculations that will be understood only by professionals. You should also explore the conclusions to the sections. They are adapted and understandable.
So, taking a document in the hands, boldly open the subsection about the ecological and town planning situation. See how the house you are interested in is located in relation to various urban objects - industrial enterprises, road highways, utilities. Pay special attention to those objects that are from it in close proximity. If there is a factory or an industrial enterprise nearby, read the events that will be conducted to reduce its impact on the state of the environment.
If the offered area is still interested, examine the "Improvement and Gardening of the Territory" section. Well organized house territory, too, one of the components of a safe existence. Next to the house must be playgrounds, garages, car parks, sufficient gardening area. It may happen that something of the apartment provided in the project will not be. It happens that the developers coordinate project documentation with various flaws. AUTHER The residents face that there is no parking and cars near the house and cars have to put directly on lawns. Or suddenly it turns out that there is nowhere to walk with the children, because they forgot about the playground or they settled it in close proximity to the highway. Conclusion: Be careful! Learn this item in detail and do not be afraid to seem too much-bore-boldly ask the real estate questions. After all, it is to you, and not he will later have to live in the house you choose.
At the next stage, pay attention to the "Protection of atmospheric air". Here are all sources of harmful substances designed next to the house (for example, parking) and the level of contamination of atmospheric air is calculated. The data on the basis of which calculations are performed are divided into 2 groups.
The first group is data on the background concentrations of pollutants in the place of alleged construction. They are found in the central hydrometeorological service. The second group of data (about the settings) is provided by designers. For example, how many places a parking is calculated, where and at what distance from the house it will be located, etc.
Based on these information, taking into account the roses of winds, the dispersion of pollutants and their concentration in the air are calculated. For example, we turn to the construction of a residential building according to an individual project in the Southeastern District of Moscow. Next to the main building in the project provides for the presence of a attached child preschool institution and an open public parking lot. We are as potential tenants, first of all, are interested, whether the territorial gaps between the parking lot and the home itself are observed.
If the parking has a good capacity, but is located at a distance of 7 m from the residential building (and at least 10), then in winter, when the car owners will warm their cars, residents up to 4-5 floors will not be able to open windows. It is also necessary to learn whether the mass of emissions of pollutants from the newly placed source of 10% MPC (maximum permissible concentration) of each of them. It is this figure that is particularly important for Moscow, in which the background of the concentration of harmful substances is increased.
The rules of territorial gaps between a residential building and an open parking lot can be clarified in the Ecology Department of the City Planning Department of the Department of Environmental Management and Environmental Protection or in the Communal Department of any of the centers of state-poidnadzor. According to information that we gave us, the parking should be no closer than 10-12 meters from the house. We appeal to the construction project: "... Parking will be located no closer than 12 m from the entrances of the designed building." As you can see, it is quite consistent with the norm. Further there are complex calculations of the mass of emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. We are also interested in conclusions: "As a result of the calculations of the mass of emissions and dispersion in the atmosphere of pollutants contained in the emissions of the projected sources, it is established that surface concentrations on the territory of the designed construction and the surrounding residential building will be mainly at no more than 0.05-0 , 1 MPC ... Increase, the implementation of project proposals will not lead to a significant impact on the environment on the factor of chemical pollution of the atmosphere. "
Of course, you will not be able to check the accuracy of such conclusions, therefore you will make sure the presence of permits for the GOSANEPIDNADZOR project is a formal proof that the conclusions are correct, and the construction is legally and safe in terms of ecology.
After that, familiarize yourself with the rest of the sections that interest you. If you have not found anything terrible for your stay in the offered area, we advise you to compare what is initially provided for in the construction project, with what is meant. For example, in the project, a house with an underground garage per 100 cars. All the calculations given in the project show that emissions from this number of machines do not exceed the norms and are not dangerous to health. You are already going to buy an apartment, and you are told: "We have a wonderful garage for 200 cars." This means that the conditions for the initial and permits of the agreed project are violated and emissions from the machines will be twice as much. Or the parking lots were envisaged in one area, and they made them completely different.
The main thing in this situation is to learn more about violations and point out to someone who sells you an apartment for inconsistencies with agreed documentation. By law, you can demand the correction of these violations.
3. Ask to familiarize the situational plan, which is also necessarily part of the construction project. This plan shows the demolished and projected buildings and structures, as well as roads and passages. Examine it carefully. Pay attention to whether they are not going to raise a new building or pave the motorway next to your home. In addition, you can see how your home will be located in relation to other objects. Having examined the plan in detail, decide how future the future housing is suitable for you.
four. If, after your requests, it is not bad to get acquainted with all the listed real estate, ask him to show the map of the wind roses. She is unlikely to tell a nonsoice, but it is possible to look at it with the whole process to give a special importance. Usually this card is used when calculating the contamination of atmospheric air, and when they are verified, it is necessary. For example, by the districts of Moscow, the same background concentrations of pollutants are observed on average, another thing is that their distribution depends on the direction of the wind. Track the windows of windows windows. And each of the 16 meteorological stations operating in the capital, their indicators. So in order to check whether the weather station is used and the calculations are correctly performed correctly, and the card is necessary.
You can ask to show the wind rose closest to the meteorological station in question. For example, located in the metropolitan area of VDNH. On this map you will see that the winds of the Western Quarter dominate in Moscow. So, if in relation to your house of the industrial house is located in the north-west, west or southwest, and just from there will often blow the wind, then all pollutants will be near you. Avti if the industries on the other side, for example in the East, then they will in no way affect you. Using the example of the same card, it is clear that the most blurred districts of Moscow are North-West, West and South-West. The same wind is moving on them from forests. The result is these areas and are considered to be most favorable for living.
five. Finally, in addition to the conclusion of state-poidnadzor, ask to familiarize the conclusion on the project issued by the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring. Note that these documents are not obliged to provide citizens. But if it is interested in selling apartments, then, most likely, your request will satisfy.
All information contained in the construction project is official. It means that she passed all sorts of checks and expertise and therefore reliable. So, having studied and comparing all the available data, you can make a decision on the choice of the area and at home. The task is this responsible and difficult. So if you doubt something, we advise you to ask for help from specialists. The organizations involved in the environment, as you probably understood, today is grabs- both state and private. Take the same phone directory and call ...
In general, there is not such a gloomy picture. We can say on personal experience: success on the difficult way to choose a prosperous area largely depends on your perseverance and the desire to obtain the necessary information. And the more seriously your approach to the case, the greater the likelihood that the habitat you chose is really safe. Anapplica is another advice: Before buying an apartment, go to weekdays by the area to the home area, inspect the nearby objects carefully. Purely formal environmental well-being does not mean that in fact everything will turn out to be as cloudless as on paper.
To be continued.
With the current level of development of construction technologies, it is possible to completely isolated your home from a variety of polluted urban air using sealed plastic windows, doors with a hermetic entrance, etc. But the installation of double-glazed windows is often semi-dimensional, and even aggravates the situation, because in the ground rooms inevitably Slows up so necessary natural air exchange. Each of us exhales an average of 23 liters of carbon dioxide per hour. Knowing its content in atmospheric air (0.3 l / m3) and the permissible value indoors (1 l / m3) can be calculated that, to maintain the freshness of the dwelling, the speed of air exchange for one person should be at least 33m3 / h. Therefore, it is groaned from 20 to 60 m3 / h per person. To somehow ventilate the apartment, the sealed windows will have to regularly open, running into the house together with the fresh air street pollutants (soot, dust, gases CO2, NO2, etc.), unpleasant odors, and in winter - also to endanger the health of households, Especially children and elderly, extremely sensitive to drafts.
However, this problem does not apply to the discharge of difficulty, especially if the apartment owners have $ 3-10 thousand. It is such funds that will be needed to improve the system of the supply and exhaust ventilation, which supplies the room necessary for normal breathing with fresh air and ensures the removal from the apartment with the air " Worked "a variety of contaminants. Such systems are being built from various components, the main role among which is played by monoblock or typexcine or supply-exhaust plants that are responsible for cleaning (and heated when necessary), as well as air supply to the apartment.
Supply installations that have received, thanks to a reasonable price, the greatest distribution in individual commercial ventilation systems is usually mounted on loggias and balconies (under the ceiling or on the floor) or, similar to the outer blocks of split-systems, directly on the outer wall of the building. Often they are placed in heated zones - in storage rooms, dressing rooms or corridors adjacent to the outer wall of the house. Here, due to its low constructive height and length, these installations can hide behind a suspended or tail ceiling and under the raised floor; mounted on the floor next to the outer wall; Cold on building structures (walls, columns, etc.). To limit the vibratory load on the overlap, so that noise is not applied, spring vibration insulators are used.
The air enters the supply unit directly from the street (when the "Tractor" stands on the loggia or attached to the outer wall) or through the air intake valve and the supplying air duct (when it is mounted in the heated zone). It is cleaned with dust and contaminants using a filter system, if necessary, heated in an electric or water calorieter, after which the centrifugal fan is injected into the network of air ducts. The latter for an apartment with an area of up to 130m2 is usually usually from the duct-collector and flexible corrugated air ducts deriving flows into different zones of the ventilated room. Air ducts end with air distribution lattices, or diffusers, the location and choice of which are due to not so much by design considerations as the optimal characteristics of the air distribution. Forward queue, it is necessary to provide a small speed of the air flow so that there is no feeling of drafts. The air distributors are produced diverse in shape: may be square (they are used only for mounting on ceilings), round (ceilings and walls) and rectangular (for walls).
The main disadvantage of the use of air ducts is to reduce the overall or local ceiling height. But in the interiors published on the pages of our magazine, there are often original solutions in the form of frame-in-making designs from drywall, imitating beams and curly elements and curly with a general architectural intent. For them and can hide ventilation air ducts and the blocks themselves. The minimum height of "fittings" is 310-370mm. The books should organize free access to adjustment and service, replacing filters. That is, in the masking trim, you must not forget to make the technical hole or door. Another important factor is the thickness of sound insulation on ducts and housing. This indicator will determine if you can and your neighbors sleep safely (ventilation is noise). The question is not easy, especially if the equipment is installed in the interporal space, in close proximity to people.
When using the supply installation, it is possible to refuse the supply air duct at all, most often come into single and two-bedroom apartments. The flow comes from the installation through a short air duct directly into the room adjacent to the loggia or the outer wall. Further, due to overpressure, it applies to adjacent premises (for example, through the flowing ventilation grids installed between the rooms). Air removal (the so-called tributary compensation) can be carried out only due to the excess pressure generated by the supplied installation in the apartment, and occur through the kitchen ventilation channel or mounted ventilating valves, as well as with the help of exhaust fans installed in the kitchen exhaust channel and in Bathroom.
A more economical (from the point of view of the cost of operation) an apartment ventilation system can be built on the basis of the supply and exhaust installation. This device is usually mounted in a heated zone - in an apartment or on a warmed loggia. Provides not only the flow of fresh, but also the removal of the exhaust air beyond the building. Fresh and exhaust air flows are moving in the installation on two channels passing through heat utilizer (plate, rotary, heat pump). It allows you to warm or cool (depending on the season) airborne air due to heat or cold of the exhaust flow dropped into the environment. Saving energy consumed for heating air-free air during the cold period can be compared with an ordinary supply unit 60-85%, but in strong cold (-10c and lower) the efficiency of heat disposal is usually reduced, sometimes up to 0%, due to frostzation Constructive elements of utilizers.
In addition to the utilizer, a trim and exhaust fans are located in the supply and exhaust installation housing; filter providing the cleaning of the incoming air from dust; Electric or water heater, which is necessary for additional heating of the supply air into a strong cold, and others. Ensure such an installation is more expensive than 2.5-2 times, and devices with a thermal pump (in fact, the same air conditioner) more expensive for "fit" approximately tripled.
Monoblock intake settings are full of filters, there are two categories and fine cleaning, and are divided into types. EU1 type coarse filters are used at low air purity requirements. Suitable for the protection of premises from large oversized pollution, for example, from a poplar fluff. EU2-EU4 type filters are designed to reduce the dusting of the air supplied to the air, if the concentration of dust in the area of the house or near the air intake places is slightly 1-2 times higher than the MPC (maximum permissible concentration). The particles are delayed more than 5 microns and, in principle, the particles are not able to catch less than 2 μm during dusting of no more than 0.5-1 mg / m3. In other words, these devices cannot purify the air from the exhaust of diesel engines and emissions of the boiler-the most frequent outer air pollutants. So it is necessary to install the EU5-EU9 fine cleaning filters, which are optimal with a large dust of air, high concentration of coal or oil smoke in places of air intake and better suitable for protecting valuable finishes, furniture and other elements of the interior from fine dust. The most efficient fine cleaning filters hold the particles larger than 0.1 μm when dusting not more than 0.5 mg / m3.
In most cases, so-called EU3 -EU7 cleaning class filters are used in compact aircraft installations. They consist of a frame made of galvanized steel, outdoor mesh pads, as well as pockets from filtering material, which are fixed by special clamps. Depending on the degree of purification, contain different number of pockets and are made of various materials (polyester, fiberglass). According to experts, fiberglass products better retain their properties throughout the entire working cycle, but they lose them faster under the influence of moisture.
With a strong gas supply of outdoor air (for example, a lively highway is located nearby) as the second level of cleaning after a compact supply unit can be placed in a trunk air duct filter with an activated carbon, which effectively absorbs odorous gaseous substances. The usual activated carbon is used at operating temperatures up to 40 ° C and relative humidity up to 70%. Quickly loses its properties when moisture, instead of 6 months of operation, may fail, and somehow prevent it is impossible.
The coal filter is considered for monoblock intake installations with an additional option, they are usually equipped with only mechanical filters, since the power of the fan is not always enough to overcome the additional aerodynamic barrier on the air path. The minimum fan pressure should be at least 450 Pa. Not to mention the fact that when filters are contaminated, they increase to 200-400 pa. Of course, it is possible to use the "Shape" team, for which simply choose the elements of the power system and put any type of filters, including mechanical, coal, photocatalytic and antibacterial. But the appropriate installation collected by individual order will be significantly more expensive than the standard, in particular, due to the need to look for a fan with the same effectful sound insulation as in monoblock devices (up to 35 dB). Otherwise, 50-55 dB of active noise, which "exudes" an ordinary unburposed fan, will not give rest to you or neighbors.
An option is more interesting when the standard monoblock supply or a supply-exhaust installation equipped with mechanical filters is used to bind with the indoor air purifier separately in the apartment. The input of this device includes all sorts of filters, including coal adsorption. We wrote about such devices in detail in the N7 of our magazine for 2000. They are produced by Bionair (Canada), Daikin (Japan), Electrolux (Sweden), Honeywell (USA), Delonghi (Italy), Philips (Holland) and other prices fluctuate within $ 200-300.
Main manufacturers of equipment for ventilation systems operating in the Russian market: Systemair (Sweden), Pyrox (Norway), Hitachi, Daikin (Japan), Imp Klimat (Slovenia), VTS CLIMA (Poland), Wolter (Germany), PM-LUFT ( Sweden), "Moven", "Kama-air conditioning", "Weza", "Innient", "Arktos" (Russia), etc.
Serve (clean from dust, rinse or replace) Filters are necessary in strict accordance with the terms and procedures recommended by the manufacturer. Extract models of the supply and supply and exhaust installations to learn about the need to replace or clean the filter, you can indicate on the control panel. Note that the supply manufacturers strongly recommend using only "native" filters or manufactured by certain manufacturers and suitable in dimensions, specific air load on the frontal section and other characteristics. Especially invalid coal filters, it is necessary to replace that it is necessary to approximately once in 6 months (with incorrect operating conditions, for example, with an increased relatively regulated humidity manufacturer, they may lose their efficiency in a week). A set of coal filters, depending on the type, may cost $ 10-60 and higher.
Calculation of the value of the supply and exhaust system Ventilation - consumption of fresh air 500m3 / h, an apartment area of 130m2 (according to the company "South Grand")
| Name | Model | Price, $ | Number of | Amount, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Supply exhaust ventilating installation with heat recuperator type VAM company Daikin | VAM 500 F. | 3300. | one | 3300. |
| Remote Control | BRC301B61. | 230. | one | 230. |
| Adapter | KRP50-2. | 175. | one | 175. |
| Selection grille | IGC 200. | 32. | one | 32. |
| Check valve | VKK 200. | 98. | one | 98. |
| Filter (EUZ) | FFR 200. | 169. | one | 169. |
| Channel fan | KV 200 M. | 160. | one | 160. |
| Muffler | LDC-200-600. | 105. | one | 105. |
| Electric calorifer, 4.8 kW | CB-250-4.8. | 372. | one | 372. |
| Air Heating Temperature Regulator | Pulser. | 142. | one | 142. |
| Air Heating Temperature Sensor | TG-K330. | 46. | one | 46. |
| Outdoor grid | VK 25. | 37. | one | 37. |
| Check valve | RSK 200. | twenty | one | twenty |
| Ducts with insulation, m2 | - | 38. | 29. | 1102. |
| G100 throttle valve | - | nineteen | four | 76. |
| Throttle valve z160 | - | twenty | one | twenty |
| Ventilation grille | SAG 100x300. | 23. | 2. | 46. |
| Ventilation grille | SAG 100x500. | 37. | eight | 296. |
| Ventilation grille | SAG 100x400. | thirty | 2. | 60. |
| Peremat grille | DG 500x250. | 76. | one | 76. |
| Exhaust fan | Ext 711 D. | 95. | one | 95. |
| Adapter under the grille | - | 42. | 6. | 252. |
| Total equipment and consumables | 7254. | |||
| Diamond drilling | 200. | |||
| Mounting and commissioning | 1838. | |||
| Total | 9292. | |||
| Note. Supply-exhaust installation with a plate heat recuperator for a family of four (children's room, bedroom, living room and kitchen). Fresh air consumption complies with SNiP requirements (for continuous finding people indoors). The need for each position, as well as the possible simplification of the scheme is discussed individually. |
The material was prepared using the Research and Design and Restaurant Institute of Ecology in Moscow. We thank the GU "Moscow Center for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring", the Federal Service of Russia on Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, GUP MOSNPO Radon, Agency of Environmental Information "Ineo" for help in the preparation of material.