Overview of air climatic systems for the cottage. Characteristics of modules, assessment of consumer properties of systems of various types, cost of equipment.
Grekhover (model G6RX company Nordyn) are visible high performance
Drying fan, smoke, nozzle of injection gas burners (operating pressure 130-180 mm Hg. Art.), Gas fittings and elements of the system of automation
1. Gas air
Heanoheater
2. Internal split system block
3. Electronic filter
4. Network of reverse air ducts
5. Network of supply air ducts
6. Diffuser
7. Air intake grille at the source of one of the return air ducts
8. Air intake grille in the bathroom for removing the exhaust air through the recuperator outside the cottage
9. Exhaust air duct
10. RecipeRer
11. Outdoor air duct
12. Chimney
13. Pipeline feed heated in a fresh air recovery in the return highway
1 - gas air-heater,
2 - internal split system block,
3-electronic filter,
4 - humidifier,
5 - feeding line,
6 - reverse highway,
7 - Gauge Channel,
8 - air duct air
9 - chimney
The trigged timer (above) allows you to order the modes of operation of the climate system of the cottage for a week ahead
Humanity, humanity interested ways to improve their own homes. The IR number of its most important achievements in this area should include systems and devices that manage home microclimate.
By giving tribute to the efforts of previous generations, still need to admit that they have not achieved serious victories in control over the microclimate of housing. Revolutionary changes occurred only in the middle of the XXVEK: it was then that the first climatic systems for cottages appeared.
This unique technique can customize the parameters of the air of the air (temperature, humidity, mobility, cleanliness, etc.) for the needs of people, first was tried in America. Residents of the new light accepted amid instruments with a bang, as a result of which the climatic equipment market began to grow rapidly. Realizing the profitability of this business, and leading manufacturers of industrialized countries in Europe and Asia have been connected to the production of climatic systems. Japanese companies especially succeeded. They quickly became the major world exporters of household air conditioners and founded a new, alternative to the traditional direction of development of central air conditioning systems. Already in the 70s. The XXStoley is quite ordinary affair in almost the entire civilized world was the climate of cottages.
The USSR also believed that the climate machinery was intended mainly for industrial facilities, trade and cultural and exhibition centers, as well as hotels hosting foreign tourists. Even on government dachas, these systems were used only in exceptional cases. The role of climatic installations in country houses of our compatriots more or less successfully played stoves or water heating, and unaccustomed vents took on the functions of air conditioning systems and ventilation.
Today, the first fragmentary data on technologies appeared in Russia, which have long been used abroad. For many of our compatriots, it became a real revelation that you can, regardless of the weather outside the window (heat, rain, snow buran), create a comfortable atmosphere in the house. Yes, and configure it in a special way for each room or a group of premises. Since reliable information on air conditioning systems in Russia is very small, the relevance of the conversation about their merits and disadvantages is obvious.
CONFORT CONFORT
So, what are modern climatic systems for cottages differ from the traditional solution "Water heating - the Fortochka"? Of course, first of all, the order of higher quality of air preparation. Climatic systems ensure the most favorable for the human body, the ratio of temperature, humidity, speed of air flow. Thermal period of the year, such parameters are considered optimal for residential premises: air temperature - 22-24C, relative humidity - 30-60%, air mass mobility is not more than 0.25 m / s. Primy period, as well as in the fall and spring, when the system operates in heating mode, the parameters are somewhat different: 20-22c, 30-45% and 0.1-0.15 m / s. In addition, the system provides an admission to fresh air (supplied ventilation). Forced ventilation is simply vital in the cottages where modern hermetic windows are installed, - without it, the danger of enhanced humidity, stuffiness, appearance of pathogens and fungus is real. The volume of fresh air supply is usually from 20 to 80m3 / h per person (depending on the type of room).All machinery for climate systems for cottages, which requires systematic service, and sometimes repair, focuses outside the residential area - on the roof, in the attic, in the basement and even in the courtyard. This allows you to save the facade of the country house from low-speed external blocks of household air conditioners. Yes, and the noise from the mechanisms in the premises is practically not heard. The fee for the comfort is the need to arrange feeding highways.
All over the shelves
If we classify climatic systems for cottages by the type of energy carrier, driving heat or cold, the picture will be approximately the following: air, water-air and water-freon. In a manner, they arose, but further developed in different ways. True and warm and cold are supplied to a room with a stream of air. When using water and air systems, air is served in the room (the coarse temperature adjustment is provided), and water (fine adjustment). Introductory-freon heat supplies water heating system, cold-freon air conditioning.
We do not take into account the actual classification, as well as the heat and cold are produced by themselves.
It so happened that in our homes the most "young" representatives of air conditioning systems - water-freon were obtained. Onexo features of the equipment included in their composition was discussed in the N4 of our magazine in 2012. Several earlier than freon systems, water and air installations appeared in the West. They will tell you in one of the following numbers. Well, in this article focus on air climatic systems. This reliable and highly efficient equipment has been successfully operating in North America and Canada's cottages for several decades. No less than hundreds of centralized air systems are established today in the cottage settlements of the Moscow region.
Classification of climatic systems by the type of energy carrier
| Aerial systems | On the basis of a gas, liquid-fuel or electric (thermal pump + Tenni) air heater |
| Ruth top | |
| on the basis of the central air conditioner | |
| Water-air systems | One example is a system of type "Chiller-individual heat item, central air conditioning - fankoye" |
| Water-Freon Systems | "Multisply System + Supply Installation + Water Heating System" |
| Type "VRF + Supply Installation + Water Heating System" |
Easy breath
In climatic installations, the air located in the house regularly drives through the preparation unit located outside the residential area. There is a heating or cooling, cleaning from pollution, disinfection, adjustment of the level of relative humidity. Wuttomatic mode system brings climatic parameters in rooms to the specified and off. But only until these parameters begin to go out for the established limits. Went mode equipment functions all-season, for many years.What attractive air systems? First of all, its environmental cleanliness and security. The house does not threaten neither leaks, nor the defrosting of equipment. There are impossible burns, because the temperature of the air flow does not exceed + 55c, and then briefly. The systems are minority, since all the heat allocated during the combustion of the fuel is spent on air heating, and not massive metal radiators and pipes. Installation of equipment is simple, since it does not require accurate compounds. Inacontal, these systems promise the smallest operating costs of climating at home.
For cottages of 200-400m2, such systems are probably optimal. However, they can be applied in houses from 50 to 1000m2. In love, the internal decoration of the cottage-climatic systems is simply not visible in the interior, the fantasy of designers does not contain no pipes or radiators, nor air conditioner boxes on the walls. But the disadvantages of this equipment are also enough. It requires either thickening of overlaps, or installation of boxes, because the overall air ducts must be placed somewhere, in the ceiling or in the walls. Systems are sensitive to the quality of the project and to the technology of installation work. Errors turn into increased noise and tangible "breeze". Therefore, the choice of experienced specialists for carrying out installation work is the necessary and still quite difficult, since the experience of implementing such systems we have small. Specialists of LLC STTSERVIS believe that the features of this equipment must be taken into account when designing the house. When embedded the system in the finished building, costs may increase by 30%, and the air ducts do not always manage to hide the air ducts without prejudice to the interior.
"Breathable" modules
Heart system - air preparation unit. It is assembled from individual service modules and is installed in the furnace (in addition or in the attic). Each module performs its operation to change the airflow parameters. The unit works using the idea of recycling air, so the main channels are attached to it from covering the entire home of the supply and return air ducts. The latter and serve to serve recycling air (that is, already visited the cottage rooms) in the preparation unit. At the entrance to it to the air from the rooms, a small amount of fresh air from the street is mixed. The mixture is cleaned, heated or cooled, moistened and voiced through the supply air ducts is injected into the cottage room. A small amount of air (as much as it came from the outside of fresh) leaves the house through the exhaust channels in the bathrooms and in the kitchen. This turn occurs 4-5 times per hour. The water cottage is used, as a rule, 1 or 2 block preparation of air, and the installation of two blocks allows you to increase the reliability of the climate system, makes it more flexible. Blocks are capable of supplying air in the bottom upward direction (installation in the basement), from top to bottom or in the side direction (if mounted in the attic).
Air ducts can be laid under the raised floor, over a false-brace, clogged into the walls or passing along the walls under decorative boxes. Networks are assembled from thin-sheet or tin pipes of rectangular and round-section and connecting shaped elements (fasonins). To avoid the losses of the cold (summer) and condensate formation, the air ducts are preferably insulated. Specialists will say where to do it must be necessary. The air ducts are set by diffusers (squabbles, or, as they are called installers, "shoes"), reducing the flow rate (approximately 1-1.5 m / s). The release of diffusers located preferably under the windows or in the walls is flush with the floor, closed with switch lattices with rotary lamellas. They allow you to adjust the direction of air movement. Lattices can be painted in any color.
The exhaust air fence is usually carried out from the upper area of the premises. The origins of reverse air ducts are decorated with lattices. As a rule, the location of the air ducts and the type of switchgear are discussed at the design stage of the cottage or during its reconstruction. Many companies are engaged in the production of air ducts and fasonins: Panol (France), Don-Park (Canada), "Polterm" and "Stratservis" (Moscow), "Energy Minutage" (Mikra).
The cost of laying air ducts (hardening) is $ 20-25 at the rate of 1M2 heated area.
Anatomy "Hearts"
Basic module (can be said, the "main muscle") of the preparation unit is an air heater. It works in autumn, in winter and spring and essentially a powerful air heat generator (heat gun). Recycling and fresh air is drawn into a rectangular metal case with a built-in centrifugal fan and is driven through the frequency of heat-resistant heat exchanger pipes. The latter are most often heated due to the combustion of fuel (gas or diesel engine) inside them. The combustion unit is equipped with an appropriate injection burner and necessary automatics. The flue gases with the help of a special fan are removed from the heat exchanger to the street through the chimney, without mixing with the air prepared for the premises. There are devices in which the air is heated by the heat pump and, if necessary, electric heaters. The module provides air heating by 8-40C, depending on the power.The operation of the air heater controls the built-in automation system, due to which its functioning becomes safe and non-daily maintenance. Thus, when the flame is redeeming, the absence of thrust in the gas duct, the overheating of the heat exchanger supply the fuel supply to the heat exchanger is terminated for 1 second. After the temporary absence of both power supply and gas supply, the air heater turns on automatically.
There are aircraft heaters of about 100 companies around the world, but in Russia there is only an appliances under the brand name Lennox, Consolidatedind (USA), Nordyn (USA). Soon the time for our market should be done by the equipment of American companies Trane and Carrier and, perhaps, some others. 32kW air heater module is on average from $ 2,500 to $ 3200.
To ensure the efficiency of the air air gas heater (Aimenno, this equipment is used in the overwhelming majority of our cottages) should be mounted in a metering volume of at least 15m3. Weight indoors should be provided for supply and exhaust ventilation, a window and a window, as well as the power supply with grounding. In addition, a project input, wiring and connection of the main gas should be performed.
The next important module that is part of the air preparation unit and is responsible for cooling the cottage in summer and, if necessary, in the transition period, is a split-air conditioning system. It is supplied with a special interior channel of a channel type, which is structurally a stranded tubular heat exchanger in a rectangular metal case. This unit is installed above the air heater and performs the function of the evaporator of liquid freon, as in a conventional air conditioner. Used to cool and drain the air flow, which the centrifugal air heater fan drives through it. It is clear that the burners do not work at this time. The outer block of the split system is mounted outside the house to reduce noise. Note that ground-based installation has some disadvantages: the outer unit should be protected from pets, from sand and soil particles, snowdown by the wind.
The degree of perfection of split-systems is determined by many characteristics, including: reliability (forward a compressor's reliability), efficiency (how many kilowatts cold can be transferred to air in the cottage, spending 1kW of electricity; in the best models this indicator is 4kW cold), strength and anti-corrosion The properties of the outer block, the maximum possible length of freon pipelines. In the early time, more and more attention is paid to the environmental characteristics of split systems. This applies primarily to the use of ozone-safe freon. Among the producers of split-systems compatible with air heater should be noted American firms Lennox, Carrier, York, Trane, Zenithair / Alaska, Tempstar. Air conditioning 15kW on cold costs $ 2500-5000.
Most air climatic systems use filtering modules. These devices are absolutely necessary for all modern cottages. The fact is that with an improvement in the thermal insulation of windows and doors in the air increased the content of dust, pollen, microorganisms and plant disputes, bacteria, domestic dumps, pollution from insects, particles of fat and smoke from the kitchen, tobacco smoke (if there is a smoker) . As a rule, the climate system includes a multistage filter. This device is mounted in front of the air heater and passes through itself the entire volume of reverse and fresh outdoor air. It can work for several decades in a row. The unit of the module includes a mechanical cleaning filter to capture large dust particles, an electrostatic filter capable of cleaning air from particles to a size of up to0.01mkm, as well as a fairly expensive, but an extremely efficient component is coal. It allows you to clean the air from odors, for example, from the smell of tobacco smoke, however needs a regular replacement. The mechanical filter should be flushed as contamination (once in 1-2 months), and the electrostatic filter camera is every six months. In addition, in some cases there is a bactericidal lamp for air treatment with ultraviolet.
In Russia, filters are supplied under the trademarks of Camfil (Sweden), Trox Technik (Germany), Lennox, Five Seasons (Canada) and others. They cost about $ 650 tsp.
In case of severe air pollution (a mercy of many people, animals, or not far from the motorway), you can enable an additional three-step FSHEPA550 type cleaning filter (FiveSeasons). This device is connected parallel to the reverse air duct and passes through itself from 1/3 to 1/2 of the air volume. Pre-cleaning filter from activated carbon removes fibers and smells before air falls on a fine cleaning filter. The result is the removal of 99.97% of particles of up to 0.3 μm and more. The air that passed through the filter returns to the return air duct and further passes the main filtering (described above).
To increase the relative humidity of air (for example, in the winter period), the humidifier module includes air climatic systems. For example, models using the principle of surface humidification of the processed air flow are used. The surface humidifier consists of a cassette (the so-called irrigated nozzle) with a hygroscopic material on which water is supplied. The material absorbs moisture, and the air, passing through the nozzle, moisturizes. Well, not a drop of moisture droplets in the pallet.
The effectiveness of the irrigated nozzle depends on its area and contact time with air. Consequently, from the square of the cassette in the plan, its thickness and air flow rates. To protect the towing nozzles, the water entering the block from the network is filtered, in the best embodiment, with a decrease in the level of rigidity.
Also in air climatic systems, steam humidifiers are used. They have a number of advantages over surface humidifiers: air layers treated with dry superheated steam are mixed faster, and an easily adjustable amount of injected steam allows you to very accurately adjust the humidity. In addition, steam does not contain mineral particles and bacteria. But a noticeable disadvantage of steam generators is increased energy intensity.
In addition to listed, humidifiers of other types are used, for example ultrasound, nozzle, etc. The main thing is that they can work automatically and connected to the hot water supply system. Regardless of the design, the moisture module is placed in front of the entrance to the supply highway. Honeywell, Plaston, Lennox and other firms are engaged in the production and supply of humidifiers. The device for the climatic system of the cottage is usually from $ 300.
The recuperator can be included in the climate system. Its main purpose is the utilization of thermal energy emitted to the street of polluted air. Thanks to this device, heat or cooling of the air from the bathrooms and the kitchen is transmitted to fresh inlet air from the street. As a result, firstly, fuel is saved to heat heating and, secondly, the service life of an air heater increases, since the temperature blow to the pipes of its heat exchanger is reduced. However, from time to time the frosting heat exchanger of the recovery has to be thawed using the built-in Tan (on the command from the system automation). Consider if the cottage is located near the car route, it is better to wash the air filter installed at the inlet to the recuperator.
Depending on the performance and level of automation, the recuperator can cost $ 700-1800 and even more. Produce such equipment from Venmar (Canada); Pyrox (Norway); Vtsclima (Poland); PMLUFT and SYSTEMAIR (Sweden); Rosenberg and Wolter (Germany); Remak (Czech Republic); Daikin (Japan); Maico Ventilatoren; ABB (Switzerland); Halton (Finland) and others. These devices are still reluctantly established by domestic consumers - affects the cheapness of energy resources. However, it is assumed that as the electricity tariffs increase the recovery modules will be used in climatic installations for cottages more and more.
Air administration
The traditional and most democratic way to regulate the air temperature in the cottage involves the use of a room electromechanical thermostat (up to $ 100, manufacturers- Honeywell, USA; Siemens, Germany and others). It is installed in the control room at home, for example, in a nursery, bedroom or office. When the temperature in the control room reaches the specified value, the air preparation unit will be temporarily turned off. Air conditioned air will begin to enter the room immediately after the temperature approaches the permissible value. Almost air-conditioned temperatures will be approximately the same as in the control. Consider adjust the temperature using mechanical valves mounted on air distribution lattices, only slightly. With a strong overlap of the diffuser, there may be noise from air jets. The same humidity is supported for the entire cottage, but the humidity sensor (from $ 20) is most often located in the main reverse air duct.
If instead of an electromechanical thermostat, install a programmable electronic, the heating system will obey the routine of the day you specify. For example, in winter it will automatically reduce the temperature at night when you sleep, and during the day when the house is empty. A few hours before your return or early in the morning, the climate system will start working so that in the urban time the microclimate of the cottage has become the most comfortable. The use of an electronic programmable thermostat will reduce energy costs by 10-15%. At the same time, in automatic mode, the temperature in the whole house will be the same as in the control room.
The air climate system DRY-O-TRON (DECTRON, Canada) is able to dry out a wet room (for example, a pool), to supply it with clean warm or cool air and dispose of heat released during moisture condensation. It includes a powerful centrifugal type fan, an air conditioning split-system capacitor, water heating device, a multi-stage filter and a condensate return device. Warm wet air from the dried room is fed to the condenser, is cooled below the dew point and loses moisture. The heat released is used to heal air and water.
Individual automatic control and temperature control in each cottage room can be ensured using an intellectual zone control system integrated into the climatic system. Wheel rooms for increasing the accuracy of temperature maintenance makes sense to highlight several zones of maintenance; On the other hand, two small adjacent rooms are practical to consider as one zone. Signals from the thermostats of each zone are entered into the brain of the zonal control system, the microprocessor control unit. It manages the work of all the modules of the climate system and dispensing the amount of air supplied to the air room. The latter operation is implemented using electric valves, overlapping the passage section of the air ducts in the range of up to 100%. The temperature in each room of the cottage can be set using the remote control without getting out of the chair, or to present this process of the automation system. The cost of the necessary equipment for such a system is from $ 1,000 to $ 1500 per zone. The most famous trademarks in Russia are Carrier, Trane.
Very curious features open and connect the zone control system to the "smart" home management. At the same time, the user can set the mode for the climate installation of the cottage, even being at work. For example, an hour before the arrival of home, the owner can order the climate system to protruding the cabinet to the temperature + 30s.
And also?
Along with a set of "Split-system - air heater", other types of equipment are used to climate the cottages. For example, if the cottage area is more than 400m2, use low-power industrial monoblock air conditioners type ROOF TOP (Pakeg Unit). This technique can cool, warm up, dry, subjected to filtering and bactericidal processing of fresh or mixed with the already visited air. For cottages of over 500m2, the central air conditioner of the modular type is used as the air conditioning unit in air climatic systems. He, like Roof Top, belongs to the category of industrial equipment and is able to provide more perfect than other climatic systems, stream preparation. But a detailed discussion of such devices goes beyond our article.Comparing climatic systems of cottages, it is easy to see that they all have their advantages and disadvantages. Alas, there is no ideal technique in the world. After analyzing some consumer properties of systems of various types using the table we, you can choose the most suitable model for yourself.
* - scores in points: 5- Problems do not exist; 4- the problem is solved with minimal cost; 3- To solve the problem, significant financial costs are needed and (or) use of additional equipment.
Some consumer properties of climatic systems for the cottage
(score on the 5-point system *)
| Air installation without zone regulation system | Air installation with zonal control system | System of type "Chiller-mincentral air conditioning- fankown" | System type "VRF + Supply Installation + Water Heating" | Multisplit system with supply installation + water heating |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature control in each air-conditioned room | ||||
| 3. | five | five | five | five |
| Air humidity control in the cottage | ||||
| five | five | five | 3. | 3. |
| Minimizing area for machinery | ||||
| 3. | 3. | four | five | five |
| Minimizing the volume under the power supply | ||||
| 3. | 3. | 3. | five | five |
| Minimizing noise indoors | ||||
| five | five | four | four | five |
| The possibility of servicing the existing system of air conditioning a new room | ||||
| 3. | 3. | five | five | 3. |
| Inertia equipment | ||||
| five | five | five | five | four |
| Ensuring high levels of environmental safety | ||||
| five | five | five | 3. | 3. |
* - scores in points: 5- Problems do not exist; 4- the problem is solved with minimal cost; 3- To solve the problem, significant financial costs are needed and (or) use of additional equipment.
The editors thanks the company "Stsservis", "Polterm" and "Vertex" for help in the preparation of material.