Byzantine and gothic styles embodied in the modern interior. Interior decoration, decorative materials.
Dark furniture, oak wall panels create a romantic atmosphere of the Middle Ages
Against the background of brick masonry, bright furniture seems quite weightless
Funny neighborhood of a massive chest and a gothic chair with an openwork back
Before starting a conversation about the middle ages, which many are firmly associated with Gothic, you should still remember the Byzantium. This entry may seem long, but it is quite reasonable. The heiress of ancient Rome, Byzantium had a huge impact on the development of culture, architecture and interior traditions of European countries.
Byzantium
The crazy luxury and the strife of the Roman interiors are fused before the heavy pompousness of Byzantium. True, we can judge the decoration of the palaces of the Byzantine emperors only on the memories of contemporaries, which came to this day fragments of mosaic panels and individual samples of the interiors of the Byzantine style, preserved in Venice, in Sicily, in Spain.The heart of Byzantium was Constantinople, the largest city of the medieval world, in the literal sense of the word city of palaces and luxurious villas. Water only complex of the Grand Palace died about twenty thousand people.
The big imperial palace was in the eastern part of the city, between the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn. Its architecture and decoration served as an unconditional role model for nobility. The walls and columns of the buildings were separated by plates from various grades of marble and onyx, and in some halls - from glass, painted with flowers and fruits. The famous Byzantine mosaics, who adorned the imperial fever, gave her a ceremonial rather than a practical character. Golden flickering glass cubes-tester, of which ceiling and wall panels gathered, gave birth to the atmosphere of the Divine Presence. Floor mosaics were made by the benefit of color marble, although sometimes such semi-precious stones were used as Lapis-azure, different types of agate and even rhinestone.
Separately, it is worth saying about decorative matters. The famous Byzantine silk with woven patterns even in the preserved fragments that have passed the test of time are striking the fineness of work. Silk panels decorated the walls, strengthened in arched openings. Easy if it was necessary to open the openings, the curtains were tied or turned around the columns. From the Persia and the countries of the Middle East, carpets and precious fabric were made abundantly, which were decorated with beds, stools and thrones.
Byzantine art is often (inexientative) perceived as a bridge between the art of the imperial Rome and the Middle Ages.
Middle Ages
The beginning of the Middle Ages is considered to be Christmas 800godan.E.- the date of coronation of Karl the Great. He was called new Konstantin, since the Empire, which he founded in the West, was a similarity of Roman.
The style of the interiors of the Karl era is conventionally called medieval. Alas, it is difficult to find enough visual examples for its illustration, you only have to guess much. What is becoming clearer when viewed by medieval miniatures.
Many then halls and chambers currently seem extremely poorly furnished. That were their reasons. The extensive possessions of the feudalists demanded a permanent observation, which included not only business management, but also sometimes military actions. Therefore, the "average" feudal feudal and his jelly were very mobile (Nurevna). Skarba's simple them consisted of furniture, drapes, dishes, provisions and other necessary things that are often transported from place to place. Upon arrival in the castle, all this was posted according to the need. It is impossible to name fullly furnished or decorated medieval interiors.
The wall painting, depicting battle or court scenes and heraldic signs, was greatly distributed in those days. In addition, the plane was decorated with vegetable ornaments or imitation of drapes. Real drapery solutions were hanging out rows of stone walls or in arched openings. Trelliers served for insulation and decorating the premises and beat the same plots as wall paintings.
The inner decoration of the locks is least true for the definition of the "gloomy Middle Ages". The walls of the premises were covered with light temperatic paint or whitewash (divorced in water crowded chalk). The last paint layer was sometimes supplemented with thin red lines depicting brickwork. Quite often used so-called white plaster, made of lime, sand and bristles. In addition cases, when a particularly exquisite texture was required, a burning gypsum was added to the mixture. Such plaster was called Paris or French (Franco Plastro).
Hunting trophies played a significant role in the decoration of the halls, not to mention armor, weapons, military banners and heraldic shields designed to demonstrate the military valor of the master of the castle. Armor, I must say, not always exhibited at the bottom. Sometimes they retired in peculiar "bullying" - something like vertical chests decorated with carvings or geometric ornaments.
But over time, the lifestyle of the medieval castle has changed. The period of permanent battles gave way to the arrangement of the conquered space. To talk about full lull, it would be unfounded, however, the era of stable cultural development has already begun in the XIIIVEK in Europe. What made it possible to gradually form a style that we call Gothic.
Gothic
Gothic style is extremely solid. In all countries of Western Europe, the monuments of architecture of that time are similar to each other as brothers. In addition, the Gothic style is extremely born. Juicy paints, gilding and wonderful ornaments (borrowed by Byzantines), the stern arches (the influence of the Arabic architecture), a skillful wood carving and a stone was in an amazingly air, ascended in the sky. Many experts consider the Gothic style to continue Romanesque and, moreover, the highest degree of its development. Soviet textbooks on the history of architecture have long been stubbornly declared that Gothic was created by savages who failed to understand Romanesque architecture. However, this medieval style, which has absorbed the Byzantine luxury and borrowed from the Arabs the color and light organization of space, can not be the result of an excessive impressionability of ignorant.In some sense, Gothic was the style of creating illusions. The power of stone archs was dissolved in the opening of the bunches of columns and the abundance of a variety of carved decorations. Daylight, wandering in the interior, gave rise to an amazing game of shadows. AOQ with stained glass, created a sense of man's worship in the rays of another, sublime world. The same effect of the Divine Presence arose in Byzantine art due to mosaic. But only the light passing through the colored glass gave this product volume.
In the early Middle Ages, the castle rooms were multifunctional. A place for feasts was becoming at night the bedroom, the warehouse of the weapon was organized as necessary. Gothic era gave rise to zoning. Although, strictly speaking, it was decorative and was symbolic. Accuracy, such an element like Baldahin was known in the countries of the Ancient East, in Greece and Rome, and then in Byzantium. However, in medieval Europe, he was distributed precisely as one of the ways of zoning. Baldahin served to highlight the host bed from the common space where the Chelyant could accommodate. When intimate chambers appeared over time, the beds could have moved there along with the canopy, which gradually became a purely decorative element. Often it was made from the same fabric as wall drapery. To give some elegant decoration for the bedroom was considered a good tone. Drapets and Baldahin were performed from expensive matters and were expanded with gold and silver threads. The tapestry technique and the painting on the tissue was also used. The plots were very different.
"The King of France John owned the three steel headsets according to the main Christian holidays, the day of all saints and Christmas. All the compositions were withstanding in color, whose symbolism corresponded to this holiday. Christmas style included six stelter with the image of the coat of arms of France in the corners, quilted , backdrops (on the back of the chair or on the bed), the curtain and the curtain for the harbor of the bed. All of them were green with blue stripes and embroidered with silver stars. The ensemble was supplemented with bedspreads for chairs from blue velvet and green silk, as well as green curtains from Sarzhi on Windows and the bed is tone. " (Ch. Mak-Corroyral "Decoration of a residential interior from antiquity to this day.")
We also owe the "Fireplace Hall" by the Middle Ages. Moreover, if at the very beginning of the middle ages, the fireplace was like a coarse focus, then by the XIIIV, it became a very significant detail of the interior. It could be manufactured double or even triple, depending on the volume of heated room. The impressive sizes of the fireplace allowed to give him the appearance of an architectural structure. Decorated with fortress turfs, spiers, friezes with images of knightly tournaments, paintings of hunting or ironic scenes on household topics.
As for the furniture, it was still not much different from primitive medieval samples in the gothic era. Chairs, stools, chests and buffets had the appearance of frankly "hiking" objects. The transformation of furniture in the situation ended only in the baroque era.
Neostili
Gothic style is historically well-being. He was revived in the middle of the XVIII century on the overall wave of so-called neostil. The innovative historical context of Gothic attracted his romanticity that answered the general mood. It was then that the definition of the "Gothic Romance" appeared: in the plot, the adventures of knights and dreams of a beautiful lady, communication with the other world and meeting with mythical animals were intertwined. The atmosphere of the charming mysteriousness held the reader in the constant waiting for the rapid of the terrible, but extremely attractive secrecy. Worth the same time there were pictorial parks with their apparent launch. In fact, decorative ruins and waterfalls were placed on a clearly thought out and verified plan. The preserved bright samples of the picturesque parking complex in Tsaritsyno, the estate of Stroganov in Marfino.
Neoetics - decorative style. Gothic arches, spiers, ornaments, stained-glass windows, the fittings turned into a set of techniques, with the help of which a romantic atmosphere was created. Then the gothic furniture appeared for the first time, which was not even stylizing under the real medieval. It was more like a creative understanding of the style, the narrative of the average internship translated into the language of the new era. At the same time, Gothic offices and libraries became particularly fashionable. However, it is not necessary to invade the territory of Modern. Talking about him is still to be.
Workshop
If we evaluate historical styles to the convenience of their incarnation in the modern interior, the Byzantine will get the top three with a plus. First, any imperial style requires large material costs and perfect taste. It is very important not to overdo it with the details and not get a pompous scenery to the video clip. Secondly, the Byzantine style arose in the era of the heyday of the Orthodox religion, with all the consequences arising from this. Yves-third, to our time, not a single image of the residential interior of the Byzantine Empire reached. Nevertheless, several recommendations we can give, relying on written sources and intuition.Two main colors - gold and purple. It is best to focus in the bedroom to focus on every morning to feel like porphyrogenitis (born in purple). That is how true bassilees (emperors) were born. The most active color saturation stain is a bed. It can be crowned with lightweight fabrics with a golden border or with a small golden pattern. The inclusion of thin shiny threads into the matter allows you to create a flicker effect. The walls of the walls must be sustained in the same range, but on the tone is lighter. Classic Iranian carpets, pillows of various sizes and configurations.
The transformation of your living room in the ceremonial ceremonial hall is possible if it allows the size of the room. One of the coloring options wall is imitation of finishing with colored marble plates. But in this case, it is important not to be mistaken in the amount and saturation of the selected colors. It is best to pre-make a sketch by which you can place the wall plane. If the task is to seem to you too difficult, we advise you to restrict ourselves to the stuffing room with an unbroken frieze with a floral ornament. The sofa and chairs should be draped with bright "east" fabrics. Required and the presence of pillows of rollers of different sizes in the same color scheme.
Floor mosaics you will most likely fail to perform from semi-precious stones. But do not be mistaken. A rich selection of aged ceramic tile with a simple geometric pattern or all the same vegetable elements will help you to make the necessary accent.
Medieval styles (especially Gothic) gently and loosely loved by cinematographers and restaurants owners. Apparently, nothing else is able to effectively create a romantic atmosphere and excite appetite. Therefore, by visiting a couple of institutions with the interiors of this kind and reviewing the heels of movies on a knight's theme, you can already clearly understand how "inappropriate."
So how should it be?
First of all, there is nothing gloomy. No imitation of coarse masonry, no gulling dark ceilings. The ceilings should "rush up." So if the existing height does not exceed 2.5m, create an illusion. Make the ceiling lighter walls. The total atmosphere should resemble medieval miniatures with their juicy, inclined light colors. The imitation of ceiling beams in the city apartment, as practice shows, does not always look appropriate. And followers of the teachings of Feng Shui stubbornly say that it is extremely unpleasant. But if you certainly want beams, it is better to arrange them in the kitchen.
Interior doorways are not bad to perform in the form of a fitted arches. The same topic can be repeated in the decoration of the windows, using the lambrene of the corresponding form. Pin the picture of the lush two-layer curtains.
Read more. Without them, no way do it. But we want to warn you from the abuse of these spectacular decorative elements. The presence of stained glass should be extremely unobtrusive so that they do not turn out to be the main stylist accent. So it is better not to wise up on the impressive dimensions of multifigure compositions Alakelnsky Cathedral. Simple geometric compositions with the inclusion of the shape and crossflower images are very impressive. Small stained glass windows will be wonderful in interior doors, decorative partitions.
Gobeli is better to hang in the bedroom. However, the "Gothic" bedroom can be created with the help of the already mentioned drapes in the headboard of the bed mimicifying the canopy. Recommended colors - light blue, emerald or salad. The drawing on the fabric should be fairly small and rhythmic, golden yellow. It is advisable to choose characteristic plant motifs: the same shaded and crucifier. The texture of the walls can be smooth, the color is better preferred pastel, calm, both chosen drapery and contrasting with them.
Gothic motifs are fabulously transforming the children. Here you can rely on your own fantasy. It is possible that it is in the process of decorating the room of his little prince or princess, you will suddenly understand that they bring our own children's dreams.
Russian-Designer Phrasebook
The words furniture and mobile They are based on their French root MEUBLE, which literally means "movable".
Trelliers (IT. Spaliera - a range of trees) - woven lobby carpets.
Tapestries - Another name of the choler, well-known is more widely. It comes from the name of the French Master of the Gobel, in the workshop of which in the XVIIV. Began to make choppers for the courtyard of King Henryxiv. The most famous tweer, the so-called "carpet from the Baye", is an embroidered frees with a length of 70.1m, depicting the invasion of Wilhelm's conqueror to England.
Gothic (FR. Gothique) - appeared in the Italian Renaissance Epoch for mocking designation of the entire Middle Ages as barbaric and not representing artistic value. In fact, this style can be attributed to the XIII-XV centuries. Goths - the common name of the barbaric tribes, invaded from the north to the Roman Empire in the III-V centuries. As a style, Gothic is divided into three stages: early (second half of the XII-XIII centuries); mature, or high (XIIIV); Late, or flaming (XIV-XV centuries).
Stitched (FR. VITRAGE from lat. Vitrum-glass) - a decorative or ornamental composition of colored glasses or other material transmitting light. The secret of the manufacture of colored glasses was known in ancient Rome. Byzantines supplemented the art of Roman glass mosaic so-called flicker effect. It was achieved with the extreme gold foil lining. Mosaic cubes were located at an angle to the surface, which allowed each glass plane to capture and reflect the sun's rays. According to some information, stained glass windows painted by color enamels were known in Byzantium. Stained glass fragments have been preserved in the Kariery Jami Constantinople. Extra century frames with frequent lead binding, which inserted transparent and colored glasses, were part of the decoration of rich houses. These frames were suspended to framuget (stone or metal) or attached to the hinges to the window box. In the absence of the owners they were removed, and the windows were closed by shutters. Wooden shutters themselves sometimes painted outside and inside or decorated with intricate carvings.