How to save electricity? Proposals of the modern market: counters, motion sensors, lighting control devices.
Numerous lighting devices appeared in your new apartment or in the cottage. If you follow the golden rule of leaning people, the use of them not only will significantly reduce electricity costs, extend the service life of electro-site and lamps, make them safe in operation, but also gives pleasure to their owner.
It is unlikely that anyone will argue with the fact that big money is earned by tearing people. However, being wealthy materially does not mean to surround yourself by the sea of meaningless abundance. The in the Wozkovskoye house is far from the poor Count Lev Tolstoy there was no electric lighting and telephone, already in the 90s of the last century, the contemporaries of the writer available with money.
One of the richest people in the world, the late billionaire Paul Ghetty installed in his house paid telephone vehicles, which had to use those who wanted to call guests. Rich-home owner, abolishing the position of the janitor, hesitated the tracks. No one ever spent electricity from him and water without special needs.
Do you think, and the graph, and the billionaire were scopidomas and bumps, spiritual heirs of Gogol Plushkin? Not at all. They dug all over the desire to personally promote the idea of leaning.
Only a nonsense and vulgar man will be seen from the Stodollar bills and wash his hands with brandy "Hincesi". Meanwhile, the unlocked faucet with eternally running water, without use included light in empty rooms, thousands of thousands of chandeliers where it is enough to use low-power luminaires, electric appliances running in-catch - all this phenomena of the same order that demonstrate the lack of education and lack of culture in the inhabitants of such apartments .
In the houses of my rich familiar English, it is not accepted daily to take a bath (take the shower faster and cheaper), regularly use the electric stove (cheaper), wash the clothes in the afternoon (the car has been erased at a preferential tariff for two oons). None of them will burn electricity outside the house, including the backlight in the garden and at the entrance to the estate only in the necessary cases.
The field of use of electricity in everyday life is constantly expanding. In the unstable economy, the electricity fee is steadily increasing. The problem of energy saving becomes priority both for the state and for individual users of electrical installations. In 1996, a government decision was made to implement automated energy saving systems. Mosenergo developed and approved day and night (preferential) tariffs for electricity consumption, individuals and legal entities are proposed to establish electricity meters with a double tariff in homes and institutions. It should be noted that the newly under construction at home are equipped with two-tailed SEB-2 (single-phase, power load up to 50 amps) and SET-4-2 (three-phase, load up to 60 amps) to which the device must be connected to switching tariffs. . While the problem is strongly solved in the field of exploitation of lighting devices, although they are not the main current collectors.
What can be done to reduce power consumption and, accordingly, the cost of operating power grids and lighting devices?
Electrician engineers have a lot of ideas. A good solution would be to create compact type of glasses, allowing to increase eye sensitivity.
Imagine, darkens, you wear twilight (night) visions, which do not limit your motor activity and allow you to continue reading without an additional light source. So far, homemade, such devices are cumbersome and are used primarily for military purposes.
Another way is the use of lamps that have increased light-performance with less power consumption. Such really exist. Mercury fluorescent lamps with a capacity of 10-20Ws have a light output of 40-80-watts incandescent lamps, their service life is 6-8 times longer than normal. In virtually all leading manufacturers of electrical equipment are supplied by almost all leading manufacturers of electrical equipment. There is, however, the nuance, with whom it is impossible not to be considered: mercury is extremely toxic metal, and such lamps are not recommended. Even if in the institutions and on the street, lamps with mercury lamps are protected from vandals, the subsequent disposal of such lamps is inflicted in our terms of the task. As for halogen lamps, they are fairly expensive and require the installation of lowering transformers, which is not always convenient in practice.
Finally, there is a third way to solve the problem of energy saving, for which the electrician engineers went - the creation of electricity saving systems and the development and implementation of control devices and lighting controls.
Three years ago in our country, for the first time, a mechanical device for disconnecting light with an adjustable time delay was developed and found the automatic switch of AV-C-0.2-2.5 UHL 4, which is still produced by various plants in the CIS, in particular by the Company Blind in Almaty. I pressed the button - the light turned on and at a specified period of time (usually two minutes) turned off automatically. Conveniently in the event that you move from the room to the room, adhering to the timer of time, for example, in the cottage, moving from the hallway through the living room, on the stairs to the attic. Uncomfortable if for any reason you stayed on the way: the light turns off at the most inappropriate moment (for example, on the stairs, where you caught a mobile phone call). However, tested by time, cheap and reliable.
With the introduction of the microprocessor equipment, a more perfect way to solve the problem has appeared. The microprocessor's sleep has become possible to increase or lower the voltage (accordingly to change the current strength) and thus adjust the consumption of electricity. The most simple devices are permanently adjusting the illumination manually or stepwise.
The basis of more complex developments is the principle of security systems. If the security system sensor, responding to a person's movement in the room, transmits an alarm signal or includes siren, then a similar sensor for controlling and controlling the lighting, responding to the object moving in a certain direction, automatically turns on and disconnects either the light is turned off. This type of control devices is called passive infrared sensors (detectors) of movement. The device is activated by a passive type sensor that reacts to heat (infrared radiation) of the human body in a given spatial volume, where a moving object may be. The sensor reacts to the height of the object. Therefore, do not worry that the light turns on, if your cat or dog run along the corridor.
For example, the German company BUSCH-JAEGER supplies a 180up sensor to Russia in two versions: standard, in which all functioning parameters are installed at the factory and individual, at which the inclusion delay time, the diameter of the circle and the height of the object detection zone sets the user itself. Additionally, you can install an infrared sensor with an extended viewing angle (up to 2700), which allows it to "see" behind the door plane. In this case, your path begins to light up even before you cross the threshold of the room - already when opening the front door.
Such an extension of the monitoring function provides residents at home a new level of comfort, not to mention the increased security. Domestic developers of a similar device controlling lighting control of PoU-1 from ORION NGOs went on a different way: they used an active microwave sensor, similar to what is used in security systems. The device allows you to turn on and off the illumination in the 10m zone, for example, when approaching the porch of the house.
Lighting changes are equipped with a portable remote control, similar to television. The assuum can be adjusted to the level of illumination, turn on and off the light both in the indoor indoors and in the rooms adjacent to it in accordance with the automatic functions embedded in the control microprocessor.
Domestic data development devices are convenient because designed to install in the boxes of standard Soviet switches and do not require the use of a separate zero conductor. Installed in the order of experiment in apartment buildings in North Butovo, they only receive positive feedback. The device of the smooth and remote control of the lighting of the PPDO BPKB produced by the Lyuberetsk plant "Plastics" is intended for manual and remote inclusion and turning off the lighting devices and smooth control of the brightness of incandescent lamps up to 5m. The remote switch-regulator of the electric lighting devices of the DVR-1BUTI of the production of NGO ORION does not have Western analogues: it is intended for contactless (cutting up to 10 cm) and a remote (compliant) inclusion and turning off the lighting devices and smooth control of incandescent bulbs from a distance to 5m. The contactless way of adjustment provides cleanliness and sterility of the switch key, which means a lot, if in the house, for example, there is a sick person.
Of interest is the system with the BUSCH-FernControl IR remote control, which offers a whole set of unique features. Forward turn, it gives the user the ability to memorize the brightness of several light sources. The system consists of several wall-mounted infrared radiation receivers and a single remote control. Receivers are equipped with switches, adjustable voltage plugs, ceiling lighting regulators, as well as fluorescent lamps. As conveniently, turned on the table lamp where you like, and manage it from the remote! You can program the illumination options in the premises of your home and vary them by pressing only one button!
Recently, a significant number of import control devices appeared on the Russian market. The simplest dimmers of the Chinese production are allowed in three touches stepwise to change the level of illumination or turn off the light. The imperfection of the design of dimmers shortens the life of their operation to two years, and they can bring at any time. Functional diversity and resistance to work are characterized by control devices of the French firm Legrand, in particular remote lights to maximize the total power of light sources (halogen, fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps) from 1kW to 25kW. They allow both centralized remote control illumination from the command light controller and local control using pushbutton switches or electronic switches. Both control schemes provide for the ability to save in memory of certain values of controlled parameters.
Sophisticated imported microprocessor systems are definitely more reliable, although it is expensive, but also from them, like domestic analogs, there is a flaw. Imagine that the lace was unleashed in the hallway and you had to bendered to tie it. The light will immediately be repaid because your behavior is not laid in the device of the device microprocessor. To brand him again, we will have to wave with your hand to the height of the negotiated minimum human growth.
Another type of control device is automatic twilight switches, which is based on the design of which is a photocell. The domestic device of the step-down and shutdown of the air deficement of the air deficement of the Betho manufacturing NGO "Orion" is designed to automatically turn on and off the rows of lamps in the building depending on the natural light. Similar switches with programmable functions and various illumination range are supplied to Russia by South Korean, German, French, Swedish and other companies. Legrand twilight switch regulates illumination from 5 to 25 UUCs, and when using a photocell with a special paper screen, up to 600 suite.
Already foresee the question: why are we talking exclusively about the lighting devices?
And what if the forgetful mistress leaves the iron or an electric stove and flies to warm up under the rays of the Cyprus Sunshik?
At best, upon return, it is expected unsuitable electrical appliance and a solid account for the electricity spent, in the worst ... well, we will not dramatize the situation. The problem is really serious, and the best minds of leading firms producing electrical goods are beating over it.
Siemens is one of those who pursue the goal to put the work of all electrical installations in the house under the control of the computer. Such an opportunity appeared as a result of a revolution in the field of the internal wiring of buildings - the installation of the InstabuseIB installation tire. Where the capabilities of hidden wiring are approaching their limits, the use of the Siemens installation tire allows not only to provide energy savings, greater comfort of use and the growth of the technical capabilities of your electrical outlet, but also take it under computer control. While the development of computer monitoring of the power grid is in the experiment. But even the speedy introduction of the Siemens system does not promise that it will cost cheap. However, one who has something to save, will go correctly if it establishes the system. Surround, as you know, pays twice.
While Western experts experiment, domestic craftsmen offer not so advanced, but quite real ways to protect the house from the negligence of forgetful owners. Yves Iron, and in an electric stove, and in any heating element, the instrument can be mounted by the changing voltage parameters and the heating time sensors that sufficiently connect to the protective shutdown devices after their uncomplicated refinement (at the same time it is not necessary to change the RCD to be constructively) to change Case of danger The specific device was disabled. Another domestic idea is to remove the sensors from the electrical appliances on the control panel of the security system, with which the owner of the house and the members of his family put the dwelling on guard, unlock and lock the door. The sensor that signals an invisible iron or electrocamine will not allow closing the door (entered into the program of the security system an additional function) and will force the forgetful user to return and turn off the electrical appliance.
So, a simple radical means from forgetful, the owners do not exist? Calm down, there are such means: traditional time relays and programmable timers. The time relay, installed directly into the socket, is with a shutter speed, with a shutter speed, pulse (to enable and disable any load with a given frequency, for example, the same lighting), multifunctional. The simplest timers allow you to connect the load at a specified time. They are installed both on switchboards and on sockets. LEGRAND more complex timers allow you to set from8 to 58 performances for the period up to a week with the display of their contents on the scoreboard or on a liquid crystal display. Timer programs can be drawn up so as to disconnect any electrical appliances that are left unattended.
However, it's time to cool the fantasy dust and return to the ground, where in practice we are constantly confronted with a manually wound-wound "goat" by the manual electrocamine, with which the glossy owner immerses in the twilight of the surrounding housing. The answer in this case is standard: "perhaps Nestgorim." Life on "maybe", thoughtless spending water, gas and light in the absence of individual counters, is still possible, but not because we suffer from this? Is it how much we are rich in order not to buy and not cheap, but extremely necessary and useful control devices and lighting controls? It seems that the answer suggests itself: if the Graph Tolstoy, who received the highest fees in the world's highest essays, saved, what is going to talk about us?
Remember the episode from the Immortal Book of I. Ilf and E.Petrov "12stulviv". For what was carved by the tenants of Vasisuali Lohankin? Right, for a systematic awkward of light in the toilet. Still, at the dawn of national socialism, the people were advanced, it subsequently spoiled free cheese. (Read: Water, Gas, Light), which, as we know, is only a mousetrap. We think about it and make another step to the top of progress: we will install at least one of the above-described control devices and lighting controls to To say full right: "We are not Lohankins! Lohankins are not!"
The editors thanks TFSelectrotecnic for helping to organize shooting, as well as the manager of C.A. Ptashkin and an electrician engineer A.V.Kuzilina for the information provided.