Does the house need their own power station?

Home power plants on gasoline and diesel fuel: specifications required power, installation sequence.

"Imagine the situation: we sit for a new year with friends at the cottage, in the sauna, in Toulups and with candles. It all began, but then, but then, and turned off the electricity. A week later I bought my home power station."

From conversation

HonKa Domestic fuel and diesel fuel is allowed to serve electricity to the house autonomously, without a centralized power grid, so they are increasingly used in cottages and dachas. They do not occupy a lot of space, while in some models there is a system of automatic launch with a passing of the consumer to a power station (autorun). This case is approximately 20-50 seconds after de-energizing the power grid, all the included household appliances can be "revived" by a home power station again, and when restoring a centralized power supply, it will automatically turn off with a break of the voltage supply to the network for only 2-5 seconds.

The diesel power plant with a capacity of 20kW models of the L20000D model of the company An-PA (Turkey). Making the power plant consists of an internal combustion engine (carburetor or diesel), resulting in a generator that produces electricity with voltage 220 or 230V with a frequency of 50 Hz with a maximum current from 4 to 40a. The synchronous type generators are more often used, although they can be asynchronous. Valid models are provided by three-phase voltage 380 or 400V, as well as a constant voltage of 12V to recharge the car's battery. Power plants with a carburetor engine operate on gasoline (usually brand AI92), and with a diesel engine - on diesel fuel. The easiest of the used engines used is a single-cylinder two-stroke with air-cooled, and the most complex-diesel twelve-cylinder four-stroke with water-cooled.

Parameters of power station

The gasoline power station control panel with two separate sockets - 220V (left) and three-phase on 380V (right). The electrostatons differ in the values ​​of the operating parameters (power, resource, efficiency and number of others), sizes and convenience of control (cmtack). Their power can be from 0.35kW, but at home it usually does not exceed 5-20 kW. It should be noted that gasoline power plants have a power of 0.35 to 11kW, while diesel-from2.5 kW and higher.

Another important parameter is the resource of guaranteed trouble-free operation to the first overhaul of the power plant, measured in motorcycles. According to it, the power plant can be divided into three group-seasoned groups (seasisters from 500 to 1000motocks), robusts only for the nutrition of household electrical appliances and power tools (savurst from 1500 to 2500motocks) and long-term use (3000motock and more). The cost of power plant, both gasoline and diesel, is growing proportion to its resource.

Third working fuel consumption expressed in liters of consumable fuel for 1 hour of continuous operation of the engine or abbreviated / hour. Having this data, it is possible to calculate the economy of the power plant, which is estimated by the cost of 1 hour of its work. When water cooled, the power plant can work without a break for quite a long time, and with air-needed its periodic stops after using each fuel tank.

Determination of the required power of the power plant

The power of the power plant limits both the amount and power of consumers of electricity, which can be reached at a time. The diagram shows the standard, most frequently used household electrical appliances and power tools, as well as the necessary power of the home power plant at which they will perform their functions.

Power station control panel with autorun. The left left key "TEST" is used to periodically check the performance of the power plant. It is very important to make a correction for starting currents of connected consumers of electricity. There are two groups of electrical appliance resistance (electric stoves, electric heaters, incandescent lamps) and with inductive resistance (drills, saws, refrigerators, electric motors, pumps, daylight lamps). The starting current of the electrical appliances of the first group is slightly different from the current of their work in the stationary mode and to determine the necessary power of the power plant, it is necessary to simply add their power, adding the reserve to be 10% for reliability. Starting current of the electrical appliances of the second group is 2-3 times higher than the current mode of the stationary mode, so when calculating the required power of the power plant, it is necessary to multiply the same number before summing up the nominal (passportable) power of each electrical appliance. It is necessary to always remember this, especially with a frequent use of power plant in autorun mode. Power supply overloads reduce its resource, therefore, in the passport of individual models, the maximum allowable power is indicated, at which it can work not more than 5min.

For the content of the summer house, there are enough 2-3 kW, to ensure the livelihoods of the middle-weight family for a long time - up to 5-7kW and, finally, to use a boiler and sauna - 15-20 kW. In the early case, it is necessary to provide an additional container for storing the fuel stock, and since the consumption reaches 8 l / h, then for its timely feed.

Our recommendations:

• Change the oil in the power plant engine with the frequency specified in the instruction manual using the recommended mineral oils that should not be mixed with synthetic. With long downtime, gasoline power plants should be changed at least than in a month.
• Use the three-phase voltage output terminals only to connect the electrical appliances directly designed for 380V. An attempt to independently organize individual circuits of 220V can lead to the failure of the generator.
• Do not try to run the car engine from the 12-volt power station terminals designed to charge the battery, since the current in this case is significantly higher and this may lead to the failure of the generator.

Power station installation sequence

The frame ground wire should be connected to the terminal "Earth" of the power plant control panel, and the zero wire of the generator-klem "N". The installation and connection of the power plant should use the services of a specialist. The one who has experience in servicing a motorcycle or car, usually with the help of the description of the description of the description attempts to establish a power plant independently. Without encouraging such attempts, we describe, however, the sequence of its installation.

The power plant must be installed on a flat surface, in a place protected from moisture, located away from flammable materials and having a good air exchange. For a stationary installation in the house it is recommended to weld the metal frame to raise the power plant for 300-500mm above the floor for the convenience of its maintenance. The frame must be grounded, but the zero wire of the generator to ground in no case cannot be grounded. It is advisable to provide a removal of exhaust gases, while the length of the pipe should not exceed the 3 meters. It is not recommended to be carried away and additional silencers. The agencies where the power plant needs to be extremely careful: it is impossible not only to smoke, but also shedding fuel, butter and other liquids.

Before entering a power station, you need to turn off the autorun button, then the centralized power grid is not to output the generator, all consumers of electricity and only after that can be included in the power plant. The maintenance rules of the home power plant are given in the description attached to the passport. There is listed everything you need to maintain its performance within the resource.

Efficiency of a home power station

Gasoline power plant with a power of 2kW model AM2800 of the company Daishin (Japan). For the power plant of the AM2800 model of the company Daishin, the cost of gasoline AI-92 at a cost of 1l / h and a resource 5000motocks will be 50002.3 rubles. = 11500 rub. The cost of motor oil during the same period at the rate of 2,5l oil per 100 hours of continuous operation (these are passport data) is 900 rubles., And operating costs (candles, brushes for the generator, filters - air, fuel and oil) approximately 1100 rubles. Given the cost of the power plant itself, about 10500 rubles., Total costs will be equal to 24,000 rubles, then the cost of one hour of the power plant will be 4 rubles80kop. For a diesel power plant model L20000d An-PA firm with water cooling, the cost of 1 hours of operation will be 4rup, and for the GEKO6900 diesel power plant with air-cooled, 3 rubles.

Practical advice

• The power plant passport provides the fuel consumption value when loading by 50% of the rated power, so with a higher loading, the fuel consumption will increase, and disproportionately increase the power consumption.
• If you need to stabilize output voltage (for example, when using a computer), especially in the moments of connecting or disconnecting the power plant, a household voltage stabilizer should be used.
• If your power plant has no autorun, you can upgrade it by purchasing and connecting a special console, but provided that the design does not use mechanical, but an electrical starter. Consider this feature when buying a home power station.

Basic data on some power plants presented in the Russian market

Company name	Model	power, kWt	Fuel Type, consumption l / hour	Voltage, B.	Current strength	Resource Motochas.	Type of cooler.	Dimensions, mm.
Nominal	Max.	height	width	length
Honda.	EP1000F.	0.75	0.85	petrol	0.46.	220/12.	3,4.	3000.	air	425.	295.	465.
EP2500.	2.0	2,2	petrol	1.10.	220/12.	9,1	5000.	air	470.	420.	555.
EP6500.	5.0	5.5	petrol	2,70.	220/12.	22.7	5000 *	air	490.	510.	885.
Kubota.	GL4500S.	4.0	4.5	Dieselopla	1,44.	220.	18,1	6000 *	Water	564.	550.	995.
GL6500S.	6.0	6.5	Dieselopla	2.00	220.	27.3.	6000 *	Water	646.	587.	107.
Dai Shin.	AM2800.	2.0	2,2	petrol	1,12	220/12.	9.0.	5000.	air	420.	425.	408.
AM5500.	4.0	4.8.	petrol	2,46.	220/12.	18,1	5000 *	air	505.	515.	665.
Yanmar.	YDG3700S.	3.0.	3,2	Dieselopla	1.37	220/12.	13.6	5000 *	air	530.	496.	656.
Elemax.	SH2900DX	2.0	2,4.	petrol	1.00	220/12.	9.0.	5000.	air	474.	422.	605.
Sh4000dx	2.7	3.7.	petrol	1,70	220/12.	12.3.	5000 *	air	496.	495.	605.
Sh7000dx	5.0	6,1	petrol	2.74	220/12.	22.7	5000 *	air	496.	511.	679.
Generac.	EG650.	0.55	0.65	petrol	0.5	230/12.	2,3.	3000.	air	400.	325.	485.
MC2200.	2,3.	2.8.	petrol	1.10.	230.	10.0	5000.	air	510.	390.	610.
ED4000.	3.5	4,4.	Dieselopla	0.64.	230.	15.0.	5000 *	air	540.	450.	700.
ED5000	4,4.	5.5	Dieselopla	1.10.	230.	19.0.	5000 *	air	615.	510.	800.
MC6503.	6.5	8,1	petrol	2.50	230/400	17.5	5000 *	air	720.	510.	770.
Geko.	2500.	2,3.	2.5	petrol	1.10.	230.	10.0	4000.	air	450.	410.	550.
2602.	2.5	2.6	petrol	1.10.	230.	10.9	5000.	air	395.	405.	510.
6900.	6,2	6.7	petrol	2.50	230/400	20.0	5000 *	air	590.	500.	795.
9001.	8.5	8.8.	Dieselopla	2.50	230/400	26.0	5000 *	air	795.	685.	1000.
Coleman.	P.m.1000	0.85	0.95	petrol	0.76	230/12.	3.7.	800.	air	351.	310.	460.
P.B.1850	1,85.	2,3.	petrol	1.00	230.	8.0	1000.	air	440.	370.	490.
Sparky	AG-2,2	2,2	2,4.	petrol	2.00	230.	9.5	2500.	air	512.	413.	590.
AG-4,0	4.0	4,2	petrol	3.00.	230.	17,4.	2500.	air	512.	533.	700.
Robin.	MG 750.	0.65	0.75	petrol	0.50	220/12.	3.0.	3000.	air	360.	300.	420.
Aksa.	10000.	8.5	10.0	petrol	2.80.	220/380	15.3.	5000 *	air	940.	610.	710.
Shriram.	EBK 2800.	2,2	2,4.	kerosene	2.00	220.	9.5	3000 *	air	475.	358.	545.
An-PA.	L20000d.	14.8.	16.0	Dieselopla	7.50	230/400	26.7	5000 *	Water	1250.	700.	1550.

The editors are grateful to the Director General of the TMO "Integral" Alexander Ivanovich Abramenko for consultation on the technical characteristics of power plants.