How to reduce the risk of problems with sewage system in the house, and if they arose, then how easier to cope with them. Recommendations Homeowner.
For the right to use the blades of sewage, each of us is constantly paying stress from the expectation of any trouble from it. Alas! These fears are quite often justified. According to the observations of specialists, more than 60% of basements in residential buildings were at least once flooded with wastewater due to a sewer tube. Our article on how to reduce the risk of problems with sewage in the house and how easier to cope with them
Sewer work
In addition to the flooding of premises with uncleanness, the domestic sewerage presents surprises in the form of leaks, specific smells, frightening noise. Yes, and the aesthetics of intricacies of visible pipelines is not too attractive. To foresee what problems can be expected from sewage, it is useful to understand the essence of its device and the principle of operation.The network of pipelines and plumbing devices (hereinafter "devices") collecting and reducing the used water and household waste (except for rainwater) inside the building are called outdoor, and by more than internal sewers. From each device (washing, bath, toilet, etc.) Strokes through the tap pipeline are sent to the horizontal phaseage removal, from it - an inhibition, that is, a vertical pipeline. The input part of the house is smoothly moving into a horizontal tube release, removing strokes from the building under the ground (below the depth of the soil freezing). Further, they are heading along the pipes either in the observation well, and from non-external sewage, or in the septic tank of the local cleaning system. The upper part of the riser is displayed above the roof of the house and is called exhaust. It is distinguished through it to the atmosphere of gases from external sewage.
Water from swimming pools, boilers, heating and water purification systems are also given into the sewer. The sewer network is initially created as non-patient, samotane. Therefore, in all its horizontal sites, small (1-4%) are provided, but strictly controlled biases of pipelines along the development of wastewater. The connection of pipes in an extensive network is carried out with the help of special connecting elements (tees, taps, crossmen, etc.). They are called shaped elements or "fasonina". Such elements for connecting one instrument requires from3 to 6Ctake. So that the sewer gases do not enter the room, each device is attached to the removal through a special device working as a hydraulic shutter. Plumbers are usually called their "siphons". The shutter is, in fact, a loop-shaped or U-shaped tube, half filled with water. Water and serves as a barrier on the path of gases from the removal to the room (vestizations and traps, built into the design of the gate).
The network configuration, which means its value, primarily depend on the number and placement of instruments in the house. The cost of the sewage system in modern cottages oscillates from 1 to5 thousand. Dollars on the riser.
Slores of sewage
Vomor is undoubtedly the main beach of sewage. Its main reason is a barbaric attitude to the sewage network, which we almost deliberately use as a kind of garbage disposal. Jesl in the city house the situation partially saves a large volume of wastewater, simultaneously drained from many apartments, then in the cottage, the garbage relief in the toilet is inevitably leads to the blockage of pipes.
But even with normal use, the sewage is not excluded. Why? Let's give a visual example. What does the hostess usually do to completely throw out water with solid waste from the bucket? She swings the bucket so that the waste spin on the bucket, and then the contents splash with a sharp movement. In other words, it first translates solid waste into a weighted state, and then gives a stream of liquid a greater speed of movement. So in the sewage network. It is necessary for its self-purification that large particles are in suspended state in the fluid flow, and the flow rate is not below the critical one. It turns out that for sewerage, such a flow rate in the horizontal pipe should be at least 0.7 m / s, and the filling of the pipe cross section is water, not less than a third of the diameter, otherwise the particles will fall on the bottom of the pipe.
The probability of a pipe break is the greater, the more roughly its inner surface, including due to corrosion and different deposits, the greater the path of the stream of sharp drops, turns, ledges. That is, the harder the network of pipelines, the stronger the possibility of trouble. Therefore, sewage systems must be cleaned periodically. For this, the pipelines provide for the so-called "revisions" (sealing luch) and "cleaning" (holes in the pipe wall, closed by cork). They are put there, where the flow of water sharply changes the nature of the movement, for example, before the place of connecting several pipes, a sharp turn, indent (a small break in the riser), as well as on the release.
For reference. If the emptying of the full washbasin sink takes more than 12 seconds, and the full bath is more than 180rse, it means that the pipelines have already begun to clog.
The formation of sediments can slow down the "zhibolka" (grease fitting) installed at the outlet of the washing. The larger one ("volley") water consumption, the better the self-cleaning of the pipes and vice versa. A beautiful imported toilet bowl with a plum tank of a small capacity, of course, saves water (for which it was made), but absolutely does not contribute to the self-cleaning of the pipes in our sewage systems.
Well, if you increase the bias of pipes? The flow will flow, of course, quickly, but the thickness of the liquid layer will become smaller, and with a small volume of stocks. Large items will fall at the bottom. The same happens with an unreasonable increase in pipe diameter with a constant volume of wastewater. How to be if the condition of self-cleaning of pipes is not executed (this is checked by the calculation) in the release from the house? Here you can offer three outputs. The first, the easiest, but at the same time the most uneconomical - more often to drain as much water from the instruments. The second is to make a bias arbitrarily, based on the range of 2-10% (the shorter the output is greater than the bias). At the same time, to establish "cleaning" on the release and periodically clean it with mechanical means, which is rather troublesome.
Please note that cleaning the "chemistry" pipes, for example, the tool "Mole", etc., you can destroy microorganisms that decompose waste in the sewage facilities of the cottage, and thereby suspend waste cleaning by 2-3 months. More reliable, but also more expensive way is to install at the base of the riser of the composition of the tank and its periodic emptying of the fecal pump, for example, erlift, etc. Note that the forced pumping of the drain, as an alternative to their assignment of gravity, is all wider. For example, with the arrangement of large cottages when, at the request of the owner, plumbing devices are located in the building chaotically, or with a renovation of old town apartments.
Smells from sewerage
The main reasons for the penetration of gases from the sewage to the room are three: looseness in places of pipeline network connections, cracks in the rubber cuff on the dermitase plum and disrupting the hydraulic shutter of any device.The first two troubles are quite simple to eliminate small repair: tighten the nuts, pour the sealant, change the seal. Elimination of the breakdown of the shutter is more serious, as it requires a complete survey of the system, and sometimes its alterations. The fact is that the drains, pouring out of the removal in the riser, overlap part of its cross section and then, staining down, carries the air ("ejected" air). If there is a sufficient air volume in the top in the riser, then the air deficiency fluid fluid is not and the pressure will be equal to the atmospheric. In the opposity, there will be a vacuum. If it is large, the water from the hydraulic shutter will be drawn into the removal, and then the way to gases into the room is open. In this case, they say that "the shutter disruption occurred." The larger the volume of wastewater in the riser and the diameter of the outlet, the closer to the 90 angle of attaching the removal to the riser and the smaller the height of the shutter, the greater the likelihood of such an accident. There are 50, 60 and 70mm high-apparatus. When buying imported plumbing in a set with siphons, you must pay attention to the height of the shutter.
The problem of breaking the shutters affects the design of the riser, and on the design of the hood. For example, how to arrange an extract from a toilet riser located in a single-storey arrangement of the cottage? Opposite the windows of the 2nd floor? It turns out, sometimes the riser can be made non-ventilated, i.e. Do not withdraw it above the roof of the building. The riser at the level of the upper devices is energized with a cleaning, and the submission to it is made from the pipes of an increased diameter. The possibility of using such a design must be checked by calculation. These extra efforts are fully paid to the cost of the system and the possibility of new planning solutions.
If there are several risers in the house, for example, if the toilets are located in opposite parts of the house or a large number of devices of different types are installed, then risers in the attic can be combined with one pipe and make one exhaust.
In love, at least one riser in the house should be ventilated.
The extract is not closer than 4m from the windows and balconies and remove 0.3-0.4 m above the roof. A higher pipe in winter is rapidly clogged with ice due to the condensation of moisture from sewage gases. ATEA means an insection of the shutters. The deflector on the hood is better not to put - it contributes to her moving.
Of all the above, it follows that the problem of choosing in the sewage is still like a fabulous hero: wherever you go - everywhere you lose something. It is possible to smash her intelligently by the specialist only. Of course, you can independently change a pair of other pipes or install a new device in the house. But the serious upgrade of the entire system, and even more so its development and installation in a new house, despite the seeming simplicity, still the lot of qualified specialists.
Recommendations Homeowner
If the instruments of the upper floor are constantly breaking the shutters, most likely clogged or peated the extract. If breakies occur periodically from devices on different floors, then the diameter of the riser is incorrectly selected.
If on the lower floor there is an emission of water from the shutter in the bowl of the device, then most likely, the release is clogged.
With family departure for a long time, do not forget to pour on the tablespoon of vegetable (machine) oil into the appliances siphons. This will prevent excessive evaporation of water and entering the house of gases.
If in winter heating has to be turned off, you need to pull water from tanks in the toilet bowls and remove it from the shutters.
Sewage from plastic pipes
The use of plastic pipes for mounting internal sewage without exaggeration unleashed hands to architects and designers. It became possible to make a network of pipelines completely sealed, so it became boldly to hide under the cladding of walls and floors and solve artistic tasks without looking at constantly interfering tubes. The sewage from plastic pipes is less likely to clog, it is not terrible wandering currents and moving. The installation time of the system is reduced by 2-3 times, and the cost is 10-20%. The service life increases approximately up to50 years.For sewage, thin-walled pipes (up to3.5 mm thick) are used from three types of plastic: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high density polyethylene (PVP) and polypropylene (PP). PVC pipes are successfully applied for several decades, because They are relatively cheap. But the widespread use of household chemicals, washing and dishwashers with high water temperatures made water forced them to replace them from more thermo- and chemically resistant materials. So the practice includes polyethylene and polypropylene. In the Russian market, their products for internal sewage are now offered about 20 FIRM.
The table shows the estimated prices for pipes, the prices for Fasonin also vary widely: in one company pipes are cheaper, and some "Fasonin" are more expensive to them, on the other, the other way around.
The range of shaped parts from different firms ranges from 5 pre-30Names and from3 to 10 sizes of each name (unfinished seals). The most complete and fast recruitment of systems provide: among foreign firms - Rehau (Germany), Nicoll (France), Onninen (Finland), and among the domestic- Agrigazpolymer LLC (PVC pipes), CJSC "Teplipport" and NGO "STROYPOLIMER" (IPP pipes). In the event, noise-absorbing plastic pipes with mineral filler (REHAU and POLOPLAST) appeared on the market, when the noise level is applied in almost 2 times compared with polypropylene pipes, but their cost is almost twice as high.
To assemble pipelines, as a rule, pipes and fittings are used with a fuler and a sealing ring of high-quality rubber, which should ensure the tightness of the connection with decades. For pipes from PVC, gluing is sometimes used, and PP pipes can be connected using fuse-glass welding.
Installation of systems
Installation starts after building readiness of the building, i.e. When all the necessary holes, shoes, niches in walls and overlaps are made, there are pure floor marks, plastered walls of walls, over which the pipeline will pass open, triggers trench for release and are finished all work related to the use of open fire. Installation of the system starts from the release, then collect the riser from the bottom up, then, ranging from the crossing of the riser, assemble floor taps. Curses of elements are guided by a flowing flow. Strictly observe the slopes.
A large thermal lengthening of plastics forces to take care that the pipelines are not curved during operation. Therefore, when assembling fuse-roll compounds with a rubber seal between the end of the smooth end of the pipe and the base of the roller dressed on it leave the gap of 10mm. It is able to compensate for the thermal lengthening of the pipe length up to 2m.
The rubber ring allows you to compensate the mismatch of the axes of the parts connected. But very uneven deformation of the sealing rings of the ring leads to the glue of the connection. Therefore, when installing hidden pipes, especially under the screed, it is necessary to ensure that the curvature of the axis on the components of the taps and the riser was not more than the thickness of the pipe wall on each meter of the pipeline. Many firms even tees are made with an angle of not 90, but 87.5 so that the pipe deployed with a bias, he entered into the troops, without throwing the ring. In order not to damage the ring when installing, on the smooth inserted end of the pipe make a chamfer and smear it with silicone lubricant, glycerin or even soap, but not but oils.
Supports on open pipes put more often, for example, on a horizontal - after 0.4 m for pipes with a diameter of 50mm, and on vertical, through 1m, usually under the base of the termination. Between the metal clamps of the supports and the pipe, it is necessary to put rubber or plastic gaskets.
In places of passage through the construction structures, the pipes are wrapped with 2-3 layers of pergamine or roofing and a hole close to cement for the entire depth.
After assembling the entire system, it is tested for tightness. When testing the pressure of the UP1ATM for 10 minutes, the pressure loss is not allowed. Installation of concomitant sections of cold and hot water supply to plumbing devices are often produced along with the installation of sewage.
After well-tested tests of all pipelines, shoes, holes, niches close, make ties and conduct preparation for finishing work. Plumbing devices are usually installed after finishing. But this is a special conversation.
Some parameters of plastic pipes for internal sewage
| Pipe material, brand | Operating temperature range, with | Chemical resistance in medium | Punch strength at 20c | Outer diameter, mm | Pipe price, $ * | Manufacturer | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| to | sh | R | G. | ||||||
| Polyvinyl chloride, PVC (PVC) | from -10do +50 | +. | +. | 0 | 0 | 0 | 32, 40, 50, 63, 110, 160 | from 4 to 5.3. | Plastic JSC, Agrigaz-Polymer, LLC, Nicoll (France), Uponor (Finland), Wavin (Denmark), Egeplast (Czech Republic), and others. |
| High density polyethylene, PVP (PE) | from -30do +60 | +. | +. | 0 | - | +. | 50, 90, 110 | from 5.6 to 6.4 | Roshrub-Plast LLP, AGRU (Austria) |
| Polypropylene, PP (PP) | from 0 to +90. | +. | +. | +. | 0 | - | 32, 40, 50, 75, 110, 125, 160 | from 4.4 to 7.7 | CJSC "Heat- Import ", NGO" Building Polymer, Rehau (Germany), Wavin (Denmark), Plast-Mec (Italy), etc. |
Note: to - acids, sh - Alkali, R - solvents, G. - halogens;
* - for a pipe with a diameter of 110mm and a length of 1m, with a deck;
"+. " - OK, " 0 "- Satisfactory," - " - badly.
The editors expresses the appreciation of the Damen LLP for helping the organization of photographing and the head of the Tompripolymer NGO Tehotel, Alexander Yakovlevich Dobromyslov for consultation.