Incandescent and halogen lamps: varieties, manufacturers, useful advice to the buyer.
According to all the knowledgeable statistics, 14% of all generated electrical energy is spent on lighting in Russia. Whether we are always the most importantly, without harmful to themselves and others use this sea of additional energy, without being content with the fact that heaves the heavens. This article we start a story about how to avoid mistakes when illumination of the house.
We live in the world of light, but it is unlikely that we can clearly formulate the conditions for comfortable lighting. Probably, therefore, from school years, we begin to wear glasses from school years, complaining of headaches and fatigue, without suspecting that to get rid of some problems, it is enough to choose an electric light bulb. To create a good light, you need quite a bit: a sufficient amount of light, not distorting paint around the world. And it is advisable to achieve this with minimal cost.
To assess the quality of light sources, experts use characteristics such as light flux, surface illumination, light, brightness, chromaticity, light output and a number of others. The room may seem comfortable or not depending on the level of illumination and color of the radiation of light sources. For example, with a small illumination level, a person feels good if the radiation wavelengths predominate, corresponding to orange-red color tones, and on the contrary, the dominance of purple-blue gamma leads to a feeling of "twilight" of the room. The reasons for this lie in the psycho-physiological features of the perception of light and the color of the person, but you can't tell about this wisdom in two words.
Story about light sources start with incandescent bulb.
Incandescent lamps
The incandescent lamp is a light source in which the transformation of electrical energy into light occurs as a result of an electric current of the refractory conductor (tungsten thread). These devices are intended for domestic, local and special lighting. The latter, as a rule, differ in appearance - color and shape of the flask. The efficiency (efficiency) of incandescent lamps is about 5-10%, such a share of electricity consumed is converted to visible light, and its main part turns into heat.Device lamp. Any incandescent bulbs consist of identical main elements. But their size, shape and accommodation can be very different, so different designs are not similar to each other and have different characteristics.
There are lamps, whose flasks are filled with crypton or argon. Crypton usually have the form of "fungus". They are smaller in size, but provide a larger (about 10%) light flow compared to argon. Ball flask lamps are designed for lamps that serve decorative elements, with a tube shaped flask - to illuminate mirrors in wall cabinets, bathrooms, etc.
The screw base for incandescent bulbs was proposed by Edison (Edison), and therefore the latin letter "E" is present in the designation of such a base, and the numbers indicate the diameter of the thread in millimeters. The mains of the E27 (lamp power 25-200W), E14 (under the Mignon cartridges, 25-100W), E40 (for 200-750W lamps), and E12 mini sockets are used.
Incandescent lamps have a light return from 7 to 17 lm / W and service life of about 1000 hours. They relate to light sources with warm tonality, so create errors when transmitting blue-blue, yellow and red tones. In the interior, where color discriminations are high enough, it is better to use other types of lamps. It is also not recommended to use incandescent lamps to illuminate large areas and to create illumination exceeding the level of 3000lk, since it highlighted a lot of heat and the room "overheats".
Despite these restrictions, such devices still remain a classic and favorite light source.
Using halogen lamps, it is useful to know that:
- Tubular lamps (especially powerful) is better to have horizontally with a deviation from horizontally not more than 10 degrees.
- The temperature of the flask can reach 500c, therefore the standards of fire safety should be observed when installing lamps (for example, provide a sufficient distance between the surface of the overlap and suspended ceiling).
- To the glass surface of the lamp, it is better not to touch your naked hands, as fat stains remain on it, which can lead to a glass of the flasks in this place. The lamp must be taken using a piece of pure fabric. If the flask is solid, then you need to wipe it with medical alcohol.
- Halogen lamps are very sensitive to the rolling rolling jumps, so they should be included through the voltage stabilizer, and some types through a lowering transformer.
Halogen incandescent lamps
Incandescent bulbs lose brightness over time, and it happens for a simple reason: evaporating from the thread of incandescent tungsten is deposited in the form of a dark fly on the inner walls of the glass flask. Modern halogen lamps do not have this shortage due to the addition of halogen elements (iodine or bromine) in the gas filler). The latter are able to "collect" the evaporated tungsten particles and "return" them again on the tungsten thread again. In addition, the flask of such a lamp is performed from refractory quartz glass, which is more resistant to high temperature and chemical effects, and can be filled with gas under high pressure. As a result, it allows to increase the temperature of the helix, resulting in 1.5-2 times the light return and the service life of the halogen lamp, and its dimensions decrease several times compared to the incandescent lamps of the same power.Lamps are two forms: tubular - with a long spiral located along the axis of a quartz tube, and capsule - with a compact body body.
The grounds of small household halogen lamps may be threaded (type E), which are suitable for conventional cartridges, and pins (type G), which require the cartridges of another type.
The light return of halogen lamps is 14-30lm / watts. They relate to sources with warm tonality, but the range of their radiation is closer to the white light spectrum than that of the incandescent lamps. Thanks to this, the colors of furniture and interior in the warm and neutral range, as well as the complexion of a person are perfectly "transmitted".
Halogen lamps are used everywhere. Lamps having a cylindrical or candle-shaped flask and designed for network voltage 220V can be used instead of normal (especially where there is a small lamp). Mirror lamps designed for low voltage are practically indispensable with accented lighting of furniture, paintings, as well as residential premises.
Where did the beam of light?
Patriotic lighting products produce the following manufacturers: Association "List" (Saransky Plant), producing halogen, discharge and fluorescent lamps, Kalashnikovsky Electric Power Plant, Ufa Electricular Power Plant, Smolensk Electric Balary (produces half of all domestic fluorescent lamps). The main suppliers of imported products to the Russian market are manufacturers such as General Elestric Lighting (USA), OSRAM and PAULMANN (Germany). Because with the assortment of domestic products, the reader is familiar, it makes sense to dwell on the description of new models of imported lamps.
How to distinguish high-quality lamps from low-quality
The market of lighting products is now filled with poor-quality fakes. It is often not easy to distinguish branded product products from counterfeit. The simplest way to determine the quality is "visual": on the marking on the packaging and the flask itself, where the company and the country producer are indicated (for example, Made in Germany, and not germany). According to the rules of trade, the manufacturer's address is given on the package. The seller must have a certificate for each of the goods. The buyer may require such a certificate and make sure that the goods are delivered legally and is not a fake.
GENERAL ELESTRIC LIGHTING Supplies to incandescent lamps and special purpose, as well as decorative. The flasks can be made of transparent and matte glass, which achieves a more uniform brightness of the light source. Color flasks of apricot, pink, azure, light green, lemon and other shades, as well as coated, imitating various patterns, such as ice-coated, are widely represented. There are mirror lamps with flasks having silver or golden spraying. They can be used to create the effect of reflected light, which is known, is considered more comfortable. The PAR 38 mirror lamp is suitable for creating directional light flow. The company produces crypton lamps with flasks in the form of "fungus", sphere or twisted and ordinary candles.
Special lamps Serve to create special light conditions. Neodymium light bulbs are designed to illuminate plants. STRIPLIGHT incandescent tubular lamps are used when especially soft light is needed. Insect lamp ParinSect will give you the opportunity to relax the summer evening on the terrace, without hugging the annoying mosquitoes and midges. The ENRICH series is one of the innovations of the company - contributes to the most rich transfer of colors and their shades.
General Elestric Lighting releases three series of halogen lamps. The Precise Sonstant Color series is designed for professional use in workplaces requiring accurate color reproduction, and therefore quite expensive (up to $ 10). The lamps of this series are practical - they have a record life - up to 6000 hours, the other sketch - Precise Bright - serve 3000-3500 hours. Start Series combines cheaper and less durable lamps. I would like to mention the models of Halo BTT, Candle Halo and Globes, having a threaded base, which allows them to use them instead of incandescent lamps.
OSRAM company. Its products are produced in Germany, France, Italy, Slovakia. The feature of the incandescent lamps of the company OSRAM is the glow body device in the form of bispiral, thereby increasing the light stream. Classic series lamps differ in the shape of the flask (standard, candle-like, drop-shaped). BELLUALUX SOFT lamp band rays soft pleasant light. Concentra Spot series is mirror lamps with a diameter of 39, 50, 63, 80 and 95mm. The mirror coating on the dome of the DECOR Silver / Gold light bulbs prevents the passage of too direct bright light through the dome, thereby providing excellent eye protection. Decorative decor globe lamp with ball flask gives soft inclusive light. Decor Color series lamps are painted in red, orange, yellow, green and blue. They are suitable for decorative design and illumination.
The compactness of Halolux 220V lamps provides the possibility of installing them into small narrow lamps. If your house has a collection of sculptures, ceramics or any other artistic objects and you would like to highlight them with a light accent, then you can use low-voltage halogen lamps DecoStar (with aluminum, titanium and conventional reflectors). New Market New Market - Halopin Lamp. It is compact (length 50mm, diameter 14mm), has a pin base, designed for 220 V and applied in small-sized lamps.
PAULMANN. Her "Konk" is a wide range of decorative lamps with flasks of various shapes, colors and shades (golden, silver), matted, transparent, corrugated, having spraying in the form of drawings and a mirror spraying inside the flask. Interesting Light Bulb Feelings Flame Kerzenlampe, imitating a candle. It has a cartridge E14, and its power is 3W (that is, like a conventional candle). The light bulb is inserted into the candlestick, and the base tube is cut to the desired length. A special device imitates the effect of a trembling candle flame. Tubular incandescent lamps LinienLampe Disco, in addition to traditional performance, produced yellow, red, blue and green colors. Decorative lamps of type Kreuzkerze, Globe Fantasia with an image, such as a flower, animal, or with an inscription inside the flask. Basically, they are used as a night lights, their power is 3W.
The peculiarity of the halogen lamps of this company is that they are all low-voltage and are designed for voltage 12V. Akzent lamps with directional light stream are perfectly suitable for stretch ceilings, as they fireproof (80% of the heat flux is sent down, and the space above the ceiling film is not heated). Glass of compact halogen lamps - Halogen Stiftsockel - can also be color. Models are issued with a service life of 1500-2000 or 4000 hours.