Design theory: Artistic and technical concepts, stages of designer work.
The main rhythm of this interior sets an intense green table top, the largest and bright plane. Evortic bookshelves, curtains and upholstery of the chair of the same tone.
The cold flavor of this room is built on the nuances: soft, sophisticated white transitions, shades of light-gray to faded-blue. Due to this, a single color gamma has been created.
In this office, the functionality is dominated, Anya abstract beauty. Guided by considerations of convenience and comfort, the author created a medium and creative, and creative.
The symmetric composition of this dwelling is made simply: the space balance the two bright red chairs and two large decorative patterns of similar color. Such spectacular color accents will allow you to designate the composition of the composition with minimal effort.
Thanks to the massive ceiling beams in the bedroom, an atmosphere of an anterior castle was created. Initial inconsistency of the small window of a high height of the room with the appearance of these beams disappeared.
A clear rhythm of black and white graphics and symmetry is created by opposed to each other with large planes and small details of furniture and even serving. The designer included in the rhythmic game and shadows from the stairs. Strictly plastic interior construction is based on the contrast of black and white, sharp corners, straight lines and soft ovals.
In the center of the free dining room, a dense heavy volume of black is supplied. Being the center of the composition, the table and the carpet with a skeometric pattern contrast to the arguing space, the ease of which is emphasized by large window openings and a mirror wall.
An exquisite combination of natural greenery and blue of the color of Waxessers and painting of the walls forms a cold coloring of the dining room, approaching the interior of the KRyrod.
Coloring the premises in golden colors becomes even warmer thanks to contrasting details in a cold bluish gamut (picture on the wall, the door rug).
Can everyone become "his designer himself"? We are not missing for this, the design is complex and requires special knowledge and experience. However, it does not exclude such an opportunity. It all depends on your own abilities and desires. Those who prefer to work with sprofessions, after our "school" will be easier to find a total language. If you want to work with your interior personally, you will find the theory and practical advice here.
We live in nature to nature. We see the clouds, the starry sky, the sea and call it the natural environment, the designer of which was the Creator himself. However, now it will be a guarantee of an artificial created person. Two ways of its occurrence are possible. The first- when it appears by holding time, the result is the consumer and social activity of people. The o'cline second path of a person who builds a comfortable habitat.
I look closely with the closer to the Conditions accompanying our Genesis. Real environment of man-furniture, dishes, etc.- is a repository of information transmitted through the millennium. Moreover, this information can be focused on the area and at 30, and 200 m2. When you sit down at the table, you are unlikely to arrive at Wongolov that the form and purpose of this subject changed little modern ancient Egypt or Greece. Almost the epoch people sought a cochimal habitat. It was impeeded by a sustained desire not only to personal taste and fashion, but also the latest requirements of comfort.
A few years ago, our compatriot was inserted into the concept of comfort purely technical equipment of the average apartment (Quality plumbing, kitchen equipment, washing machine, etc.). The fact that the components of the comfortable life switched from the category of "amenities" in the category of "beauty" and "self-expression in the interior", indicates a noticeable development of our relationship with the design.
Soviet times the word "design", due to its bright "Westness", was not appropriate and was replaced by the expression "artistic design" (by the way, quite accurate). Today we are talking about the design according to the most different, sometimes inconspicable reasons - from the design of the lady's handbag to the appearance of an intercontinental ballistic missile. An industrial aesthetics played a significant role in the development of the concept. The design of the design is unique in that it raises to a high aesthetic level mass production. Ivot is already our contemporary makes the perfection of the forms of computers, cars and TVs of the latest models.
In our heading we will talk about the interior design and about the design of things. For example, furniture, dishes, household appliances. However, all these important items will be interested in us, first of all, as an integral part of the interior design.
Initially there was ... sketch
If you want to immediately, not postponing, go to the practice of design, you need to know that the work of the designer is interesting and diverse, so complex. We will try to designate its main stages.Between the intent, existing only in your imagination, and a specific interior-"distance of a huge size". Start by S. Sketch . Next will follow project In which there may be a plan, calculations, perspective, scan of walls, layout or computer model. Next stage- Worker drawing addressed to performers in overalls.
The first phase is, in fact, the design of ideas into objects, the formulation of the plan for yourself. Sketches should be done somewhat to think about choosing the best. Usually, an experienced designer imperceptibly imposes its own option to the customer, without destroying the illusion of choice. At the stage of the sketch, the idea still remains distracted from your particular room with its length, width and height.
The task of the project is to provide an idea of the real result, adjust the details and create the basis for the embodiment of the conceived.
The working drawing directly translates the perfect in the material. In your eyes, on the specified plans and parameters, the walls are crumbling and new, the door and window openings are embarrassing. It follows that the working drawing must be extremely accurate. After all, that you draw, then the foreman will also be performed, burns, builds. And the consequences of incorrect or approximate calculations are difficult to be reversible.
We hope that the above has not frightened you, but caused a living interest. Otherwise, it is not worth starting. Try to carry out one or more of the described steps in relation to your apartment or at least one room. Practical lesson will be a good training for the development of your spatial thinking.
And yet, before proceeding to practice, you need to get acquainted with the theory. Often, the people of one profession speak their, understandable only in the same language. For example, programmers are so looked with computer lords. The usual user is not always clear what they are talking about. The theory of design is also replete with special concepts and terms. Therefore, first of all it is necessary to agree on the language.
Two sources and 43 comprehensive pieces of design
The design exists simultaneously in two dimensions, two Mirachi- fores of pure art and in the field of technology. Accordingly, the language of concepts is divided into two groups. The first one can designate as "artistic", which came from the "senior" species of painting art, sculpture. These are the concepts of general and, it is important to note, fundamental for all arts and architecture: style and stylization, space and environment, composition, proportions, plastic, rhythm, volume, color, light, contrast and nuance, surface and texture.
As you deepened, the listed list will be slightly expanded. Some of the listed concepts we define as a dality inherent in the original environment, for example, space and light, proportions, volume and surface. By if necessary, it is possible to change why it is necessary to master special work techniques. Rhythm, color, contrast and nuance, texture , partly shine - That's what it is Receptions and Principles of Environment Transformation.
The second group of concepts came to design from the field of technology, design and construction, so we call it "technical". Katechnic concepts make sense to attribute Reconstruction, redevelopment, cube, perspective, zoning, scale, sketch, project, drawing, paint, insolation, decoration, module, plan.
"Technical" Group is no coincidence of occupies after "artistic". It is posted by the translation of abstract and abstract concepts into a practical language. Thus, the philosophical concept of "space" in translating to the technical language becomes a "cubage" with a specific number of meters, and the "color", which art historians of the whole world devoted the volume of research, corresponds to the terms "Praying" and "Color". Obviously, by going to the stage of technical concepts in its design work, you closely approached the real embodiment of the idea of life. The Avteda ultimately the designer's efforts are aimed at the fact that the idea becomes the project, and the project is a living individual space suitable for truly comfortable life.
Dividing the circle of concepts into two main groups, we will operate the Glossary of the Terminals. Let's start with artistic concepts.
Russian-Designer Phrasebook
Wednesday - This is an objective spatial environment of man organized by the designer or architect. For example, an imbalable space with a parade alternation of halls and gilded furniture creates a "palace-indicative" environment. The apprane of the office with economical and rational placement of furniture and the corresponding lighting characterizes the Wednesday business, which has a job. Vprotsesse design activity, you need to clearly and reasonably set goals and to provide an image of the future Commemorative intimnayali this situation bedrooms, rustic-delovitaya- cabinet or located kotdyhu living room atmosphere.
Space You can call "decorated emptiness." We will try to present it through our sensations: the lift is melted with a blank parallelepiped, and in a clean field, in the palace of the Baroque era and in the St. Petersburg courtyard. The space is always painted by emotion, it is obedient to the will of the designer and at the same time, rendered, forms the personality and mood of man. The designer, as a rule, deals with the internal space. Votchchychi from the architect creating an external urban environment. The space for the designer means approximately also that the instrument for the musician. Thousands of melodies are born from seven notes. Since our space is three-dimensional, length, height and width, means the designer has only three notes.
Composition "Holds" your space, organizes it and subordinates the so-called compositions of the composition. Knamples can be attributed to the division of the zones, the exhaustion of the main and secondary. Most often occurs a centric composition of the dwelling. Vdoistoricheskoy center of the cave, which focuses around the life of the race, was the hearth, in Greece and Ancient Rime- courtyard atrium in srednevekove- fireplace, and finally vsovremennoy "sitting-room" sense and compositional center became one semi- TV. If you build a house or redeem the apartment, try to carefully think about it and in advance to allocate the semantic center of the composition of residential space. Most often, the center is the living room or dining room. A composite center of the dining room or the living-dining table, a fireplace, a TV, a magazine or card table, you are prescribed personally, or it is determined by itself, in accordance with the traditions and family of life.
Anfladnic, axial, radiation compositions will be devoted to a separate article. We only note that the original compositional solutions are always interesting in terms of.
Proportions We know more of the textbooks of mathematics as a ratio of parts between each other and the attitude of each part to the whole. The proportions most fully expressed the representation of people about harmony. Found in ancient Greece The ideal ratio of proportions was called the "Golden section" and is considered the most perfect.
In the design of the interior to the abstract mathematical concepts added another, concrete person.
The expression of the "man - measure of all things" literally means the following: the happiness of the average man, his hands and the legs, the height of the room, the width of the window and door openings, the size of the stairs stairs is combined. No wonder before the metric system is all measured by "body parts" - elbows, seedlings.
Proportions are needed to us to achieve maximum comfort. "Right" and "wrong" proportions - the concepts of use to interior are quite conditional. What is beautiful for High Tech style, monstrously ugly for Gothic, and vice versa. By creating the wednesday you need or a home image, you can use absolutely incorrect proportions. KRYMERA, there is an intention to reproduce the Gothic space. To do this, significantly increase the height of the wall in relation to the room area (once there is a power to sweep), add the extended doorway, tightly disrupting the ratio of its width and height, "pull" the window and "Gothic". If you still work with a split, decor and furniture, then it turns out a spectacular stylization under the gothic style. In other words, the proportion can become one of the styled elements.
And yet exercises with proportions are best done on paper! Different system of proportions we see in any style - from Baroque to minimalism. The following proportions are changing, firstly, with a loaf by a person and, secondly, taking into account each other.
Style It usually develops from a number of sustainable techniques and forms inherent in it. Repeating in the real interior of any historical style in all its purity is impossible and inexpedient, everyone exists in its time. Creative playback of historical style in the modern version is called styling . Today, the stylization is a subtle and complex game with a style that gives the appearance of the interior of a special charm. This case does not repeat the learned formal techniques, but unnewably, taking the best and characteristic features of the style, include them in modern housing. It is not necessary to reproduce the hall of the Winter Palace on the seventh floor of a block house, this is an unpromising underspective. If you wanted to create a baroque atmosphere for forty square meters, it is better to refer to styling. A detailed analysis of the methods of stylization of the house we postpone the article on the style of styles in the interior.
Rhythm - This is a uniform alternation of actions or elements, unconscious or organized, performed by man, car, in nature, etc. The first rhythms that we feel from birth is the beating of our heart and a change of day and night. Live creatures are organically inherent in rhythm. Varkhitecture and design it is used as an expressive technique to make the appearance of the building or the interior emotion, to designate a clear order or, on the contrary, to "break" the monotony and monotony of space. Rhythm may emphasize the utmost officialness and chopornost, recall the ordered system of columns of the classic period. Drinking, intermittent, like jazz improvisation, rhythm is characteristic of postmodern space.
Rhythm happens Plastic (linear), light, color, rhythm volumes and spaces.
Plastic , or, otherwise, linear rhythm is as a rule, a form of the main, specially underlined subject or design is set. Such a dedicated element can be an unusual shape window, relief wall or ceiling. If you have a triangular or rounded window opening, consider that the plastic rhythm of the triangle or oval is given to you, and feel free to subdominate the rest of the interior, fantasizing the topic of geometry. Spectacular or rare furniture is also good as a source of plastic rhythm. If you are brave in the field of fashion and made the center of the composition of the room the author's chair, repeat the rhythm of the drawing of the back, legs, armrests in things less noticeable. A line or form, repeatedly repeated in space, and forms plastic (linear) rhythm.
If the leading color rhythm is chosen, say, yellow, then it becomes Color accent interior. Yellow, starting in the hallway, rhythmically moves and repeats in the color of the carpet of the living room, lampshar, sofa pillow, etc. This will be things from different material, with different surface textures, but their color, if we achieve exactly the rhythmic relationship, should accurately reproduce one and the tint. The approximate will destroy style.
Rhythmic organization space is the highest aerobatic design. However, you can become a master in this matter.
Color - One of the most important elements of the interior (a colorless interior is simply impossible). As a working admission, the color uses the color Contrast, nuance and accent . First step in choosing the future palette, follow the housing style. For example, an interior in the style of High-Tech can be built on color contrast ("Parents" High-Tech were minimalism and pop art; the latter just allows you to use bright, open colors). Blue, yellow, purple, red are located according to the rules of avant-garde painting, then the composition of the room will resemble the Pop Art fabric.
In the classic interior, the space is revealed, flowing from one volume to another. If you prefer classics, avoid Contrasts - cutting change of volumes, rhythms, light and colors. Here your working reception is not a contrast, but nuance . Carefully and restrained "Stand" the color volumes one to another. Do so that the space will be revealed gradually, smoothly turning to the viewer and turning into another without sharp turns, floors of the floor levels and the height of the ceilings, without random, ill-conceived displays.
All components of the interior can not be one color and tone. From the interaction of colors is born Colorite . It can be chosen for all the dwelling in general and for each room separately. Coloring, as you know, it happens warm and cold. Coverts we will draw all the colors and shades of fire, from golden yellow to brown, quolly- colors of water and the sky: blue, green, gray, etc. In more detail about the problems of color in the interior, we will talk about the fashion for various colors in our following publications.
So, you made the first steps in the profession of the designer and hopefully approached the understanding of its laws. It doesn't matter whether you will do the interior personally, whether to trust a professional or just start creating your interior fantasies on paper like some artists of the past. The main thing is that the design secrets will already be opened.