We tell why ventilation is needed in the basement and how to equip the system with one and two pipes.
Ventilation in the cellar is needed. In a residential mixer or workshop, it must be more intense than on the main floors - there are no wide windows in the basement. The absence of a normal air exchange in the subsoil, where chemically active substances are stored, will lead to the accumulation of their evaporation. With a significant concentration in the atmosphere, they become dangerous. Detergents, fuel reserves, oil paint, acetone solvent can cause poisoning. Gas cylinders and canisters with gasoline with a long lack of fresh tributary can explode from the spark or burning in the room of the match. The ventilation will be needed if the underground is equipped for food storage. Without it, they are impregnated with the smell of damp and sewer pipes - the interchanges of communications are at the bottom of the house. The moisture should be constantly removed, otherwise it will sow on the walls, floor and ceiling, gradually destroying the finish. To solve the problem, you need a device of an exhaust system. Works can be done with your own hands.
Make ventilation in a private house cellar
Natural and forced circulationHow to convert the scheme
Features of a single-tube system
Instructions for installing two-pipe ventilation
- Calculation of working sections
- Communication form and material
- Installing the exhaust canal
- Installation of the inlet valve
Natural and Forced Circulation System
The movement of the indoor flow occurs due to the pressure drop inside and outside the building. In hot weather it is not significantly. In winter, gas is more resolved. The greater the height, the less its pressure. In the warm room it is higher. Heated gas expands. His molecules begin to move more actively, hitting each other. The speed of their movement and temperature are interconnected. If you spend a high pipe on the roof, active gas exchange will begin. It occurs on the principle of reporting vessels - the flow rushes to where the pressure is below.
In the summer, the flow freezes. In residential rooms located on the main floors, the strength of the wind leads to move. Circulation occurs due to wide open windows. Below they are completely absent, or their area is not great. Natural ventilation in such conditions is impossible. The only exit is the arrangement of forced ventilation in the basement. Air volume change provides an electric fan that runs from 220 volts socket. Even such a scheme will not work if not to create a constant inflow. So that the equipment does not work in idle, a new one should receive a new one.
How to properly design the system in a private house
Designing is better to do at the construction stage, when it is possible to conveniently arrange the prefabricated elements by determining the place for them in the technical cabinet. The output is located on the side opposite from the windows if they are. With their absence, install the inlet on the wall or overlap. The hole under it is drilling during the construction of the basement. Drill the hole is optional. It can be left in the masonry. The formwork locks the hollow part of the desired form with the correct dimensions corresponding to the valve parameters. When the solution is grabbing, this part is removed or left if it does not interfere with the further installation.In the case of the construction of the design, the nozzle is fixed in the wall and remove upward through the soil. If the ceiling level is higher than zero mark, the hole is simply closed with a grid. It protects the housing from the penetration of rodents and large insects. With this location, the average height of the snow cover should be taken into account. Snow should not close the grille, otherwise the ventilation basement in a private house will stop working.
What affects ventilation efficiency
- Sections of intake and outline channels. They are accepted the same to create a uniform dressing and admission. Designing different sections makes sense only in the case of constant use of supply devices. Hood make already. It should be borne in mind that when the equipment is turned off, a small gas volume will be given. So that the blades do not overlap the removal in the disconnected state, it is better to use a model with a rotary mechanism. It is attached on the loops and is able to rotate as the door sash.
- The volume of the room and its natural microclimate.
- Purpose of the cellar and the required parameters. To store food products, we need a temperature of about 5-10 degrees. If the ground floor is planned to be arranged a bedroom, an office or workshop, the conditions should be made more comfortable. They affect not only heating, but also the amount of cold air from the street. The greater the valve cross section, the colder will become inside during freezing.
- Temperature inside and outside or power supply equipment.
- The height of the pipe and its location. The thrust depends on the level above the zero mark. It is better to remove the hood on the roof through the interior. So on the walls will not accumulate the condensate dropping away from the cold. One option is insulated external boxes. The upper part is placed over the skate or at a considerable distance from it. If the basement costs separately, the hood is raised by 1.5 m above the upper point of the roof. Turns create obstacles to air and slow down. It is better to make it straight on all areas.
- Proper placement of input and output. They can not be put nearby. The line between them should take place throughout the room. Outside the line arise "dead zones". There is no movement in them. Fresh flow does not go there, and the old dampness is damp remains in place. So that the draft of him pushed him out, this volume should be on his way.
Features of the ventilation cellar with one pipe
Such a scheme is suitable for premises of up to 15 m2. Usually it includes only extract. Most often use sewer reinforcement PVC diameter of 10-15 cm. The inflow through it is very weak. Its not enough to efficiently ventilate and maintain a microclimate with specified parameters. To solve the problem, you can install a cut valve on the door. It is equipped with a flap and housing, protected by thermal insulation gasket. Outside and inside it closes the grille.The air exchange occurs intensively if there are windows under the ceiling. In this case, instead of hoods, the side entrance is mounted, which enters the air from the street. Its conclusion is located at a distance of 10-15 cm on the level of finishing flooring. He must be on the side opposite to Framuga. Lifting when heated, the flow will pass through the entire room, pushing the exhaust gas into the window.
Installing a system with two pipes
Calculation of cross section of canals
This parameter is most important with natural circulation, as well as in the case of forced feed. With too much radius inside, drafts will begin. To raise the temperature, it will be necessary to increase heating costs. Too narrow design will not be able to provide sufficient air exchange. In the rooms on the ground floor there will be stuffy and damp. Condensate and mold will appear on the walls and ceiling. Dampness does not affect the equipment, which is installed in the cellar, its details wear out faster. In the wiring there may be a short circuit. If a boiler room is on the basement floor, the temperature may exceed the normative indicators.
The input and output cross section can provide intensive circulation, but this parameter is not enough to maintain the necessary microclimate. Temperature and humidity depend not only from the correct ventilation. It may be necessary for climatic installations, moisturizing the atmosphere, cooling and heating it.
The greater the overlap area and the height of the walls, the wider the intake and release. With a considerable amount, two channels are mounted. To make the right ventilation in the cellar, their diameter must be calculated. According to technical standards per 1 m2, at a height of overlapping up to 2.2 m, an inlet is required and a cross section of 26 cm2.
Suppose the floor area is 3 x 4 = 12 cm2. Ceilings - 2 m. Required section: 12 x 26 = 312 cm2. We find its radius: R = √S / π = √312 / 3,14 = 9.97 cm.
Diameter rounded up to 20 cm. You can use two pipes of 10 cm.
Communication Form and Materials
The form may be rectangular or round. Rectangular communications leave no gaps with wall plane and angle. They are more compact, but less effective. The stream takes better on the round walls.
Material options
The material is asbestoscert, metal and plastic.- Asbestos cement does not differ in strength. He is heavier. In addition, long-term contact with this material is harmful to health. Such a solution is better suitable for laying underground communications.
- Metal is not much stronger than plastic. Products are produced with a protective zinc coating, and after damage quickly rust. Steel creates noise from vibration. They enhance the sound of the fan turned on and need sound insulation.
- PVC is not rust, does not resonate and does not need additional protection. Products do not differ in strength from their analogues. They will easily cut and mounted. The only drawback is low melting point. At 75 degrees under pressure, the material begins to deform.
How to set exhaust design
Often use sewer reinforcement with a diameter of 11 cm. Standard length - 0.5; one; 2; four; 6 m. Each item on one end has a fool. The smooth side of the next element is inserted into it. The connection is tightened with a metal clamp and fixed with a screw. There are special ventilation pipes with fasteners and adapters.
Design is carried out at the construction stage of the building. To understand how to make ventilation in the cellar of the already built home, you need to study his plan. Before starting work, it is necessary to draw up a scheme, indicating the placement of all important nodes and their dimensions. You can position the channels in a common riser - so they will not occupy the space of residential rooms and other rooms on the main floors. They are placed in the utility rooms away from the residential zone, but for this sometimes it is necessary to make turns that reduce bandwidth. To smooth out straight corners, instead of one adapter 90 degrees put two to 45. They occupy a lot of space, but it does not matter in the storage room or dressing room.
Holes in the walls and overlaps it is better to drill with a diamond crown - it leaves smooth faces that do not need to strengthen cement mortar. The hole is done on the ceiling or in the top of the wall on the side opposite from the intake valve. The pipe is breeding. On vertical sites, the pipe is attached to the wall by clamps on self-drawing, there are special suspensions on horizontal. They are subtle cables mounted on the ceiling. Plots laid on an unheated attic, insulate - otherwise condensate will fall inside. Holes through which communications pass are filled with mounting foam. Its surplus is cut with a sharp knife and close the trim.
If there is a stock of the bandwidth of the overall hood, coming from all floors, it can be made into it. In this case, it does not have to carry out roofing work. With low bandwidth, a separate channel is displayed. It is placed on the skate at the maximum distance from the walls and rods, creating a flow barrier. The roofing part is attached to the flange and sealed. The top is closed by a visor so that the rainwater does not penetrate inside. Deflector helps to improve the craving. It creates a cut on the leeward side.
If you exit near the chimney, the system will work more intense. Gas heating from fireplace smoke raised faster.
Supply devices are selected by performance indicated on the package.
Installation of the inlet valve
He must be on the side opposite to the drawing. It is paved in the wall and make the release at the bottom at a distance of 10-15 cm from the floor.
The entrance is placed in the design of the basement or pave underground communications. The second option is suitable for buildings under construction.
Communications must be wrapped with geotextiles that protect against freezing and formation of condensate. It is more convenient to use ready-made basement deflectors.
The disadvantage of underground channels is their unreliability. They are paved in dry soils with low mobility, otherwise communication will experience permanent deformations.
The top of the swabbed pipe and the wall valve should be located above the snow level. This indicator is taken from the table in Snip.
Armature, if necessary, be allowed through the overlap. If the cellar ceiling is located above the zero level, there is no need. It is hiding in the box or under the trim. The input and output are closed with lattices.
Intakers must have adjustable valves. Without them it will be difficult to maintain the necessary temperature.